‘The Two Internationals’

2018 ◽  
pp. 10-37
Author(s):  
David Ayers
Keyword(s):  
New Age ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Woodrow Wilson ◽  
Leonard Woolf ◽  
The Revolution

This chapter outlines the attempts of journalists in the New Age and the New Statesman to understand and evaluate the events of the Russian Revolution as they occurred, with reference to such figures as Alfred Orage and Julius West. It then describes elements of early nationalities discourse in the writings of Leonard Woolf and J.A. Hobson, who debated the potential of a League of Nations as the basis of a postwar peace. These discourses about the Revolution and League would begin to change as the Revolution developed and Woodrow Wilson threw American weight behind the League.

Modernism, Internationalism and the Russian Revolution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ayers
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Transnational Politics ◽  
Literary Modernism ◽  
Modernist Literature ◽  
Dominant Feature ◽  
Leonard Woolf ◽  
The Relationship

Modernism, Internationalism and the Russian Revolution examines responses to the Russian Revolution and the formation of the League of Nations in literature and journalism in the years following 1917. It examines early attempts to assess the Revolution, how the Bolsheviks intervened in the British public sphere, how visitors to Moscow responded to meeting Lenin and Trotsky, and the manner in which the League and Revolution occupied the work of such figures as T.S. Eliot, Leonard Woolf, Maynard Keynes, Clare Sheridan and H.G. Wells. This study reveals the extent and complexity of the debate about revolution and nationalities which was a dominant feature of public discourse. Drawing on the responses of journalists and literary authors, including some figures rarely considered in the context of literary modernism, such as Tomáš Masaryk and Henry Noel Brailsford, it gives new insights into the relationship between modernist literature and the geopolitical shifts which governed the period, and demonstrates how a new age of transnational politics began.

Writing Women into the Russian Revolution of 1917

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-231
Author(s):  
Adele Lindenmeyr
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Women's History ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Women’S Experiences ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Women’S History ◽  
The Revolution

Abstract While scholarship on Russian women’s history has flourished in recent decades, the participation of women in the 1917 Revolution continues to be under-researched and poorly understood. This article explores various reasons for the marginalization of women in studies of the revolution. It reviews promising recent research that recovers women’s experiences and voices, including work on women in the wartime labor force and soldiers’ wives, and argues for the usefulness of a feminist and gendered approach to studying 1917.

The Changing Role of the International Court

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 182-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabtai Rosenne
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
International Justice ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
International Court ◽  
History Of ◽  
Changing Role

En s'efforçant, au lendemain de la guerre [1914 – 1918], de poser les bases d'une société de peuples régie par le droit, les fondateurs de cette communauté internationale nouvelle se rendaient pleinement compte qu'il ne saurait y avoir une société organisée sans un pouvoir judiciaire chargé de veiller, en dehors de toute préoccupation de politique et de force, à la stricte observation du droit. C'est dans cette conviction qu'ils ont prévu, dès l'origine, la création de la Cour permanente de Justice internationale.Feinberg in 1931Reviewing the history of the Permanent Court of International Justice and of the International Court of Justice from 1922—the World Court, a convenient but possibly misleading expression which embraces both the Permanent Court from 1922 to 1945 and the present International Court of Justice established as an integral part of the United Nations since—four clearly separated periods can be discerned. They run from 1922 to 1931, 1932 to 1940, 1946 to 1966, and from 1967 onwards.The establishment of the League of Nations and the Permanent Court after a cataclysmic war in Europe and the awe-inspiring Russian Revolution released a wave of euphoria upon the exhausted and war-weary peoples of what is now known as Western Europe, and they placed great hopes in the new League and Court.

scholarly journals Dreams of the Russian Revolution in the Utopias of Alexander Chayanov and Andrei Platonov

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-290
Author(s):  
Alexander Nikulin
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Revolution

The Russian Revolution is the central theme of both A. Chayanov’s novel The Journey of My Brother Alexei to the Land of Peasant Utopia and A. Platonov’s novel Chevengur. The author of this article compares the chronicles and images of the Revolution in the biographies of Chayanov and Platonov as well as the main characters, genres, plots, and structures of the two utopian novels, and questions the very understanding of the history of the Russian Revolution and the possible alternatives of its development. The article focuses not only on the social-economic structure of utopian Moscow and Chevengur but also on the ethical-aesthetic foundations of both utopias. The author argues that the two utopias reconstruct, describe, and criticize the Revolution from different perspectives and positions. In general, Chayanov adheres to a relativistic and pluralistic perception of the Revolution and history, while Platonov, on the contrary, absolutizes the end of humankind history with the eschatological advent of Communism. In Chayanov‘s utopia, the Russian Revolution is presented as a viable alternative to the humanistic-progressive ideals of the metropolitan elites with the moderate populist-socialist ideas of the February Revolution. In Platonov’s utopia, the Revolution is presented as an alternative to the eschatological-ecological transformation of the world by provincial rebels inspired by the October Revolution. Thus, Chayanov’s liberal-cooperative utopia and Platonov’s anarchist-communist utopia contain both an apologia and a criticism of the Russian Revolution in the insights of its past and future victories and defeats, and opens new horizons for alternative interpretations of the Russian Revolution.

Scientists, Foreign Policy, and Politics

1962 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warner R. Schilling
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Plenary Session ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Woodrow Wilson ◽  
The World ◽  
Open Question

… we must take, so far as we can, a picture of the world into our minds. Is it not a startling circumstance for one thing that the great discoveries of science, that the quiet study of men in laboratories, that the thoughtful developments which have taken place in quiet lecture rooms, have now been turned to the destruction of civilization? … The enemy whom we have just overcome had at its seats of learning some of the principal centres of scientific study and discovery, and used them in order to make destruction sudden and complete; and only the watchful, continuous cooperation of men can see to it that science, as well as armed men, is kept within the harness of civilization.These words were spoken in Paris in January 1919 by Woodrow Wilson, addressing the second Plenary Session of the Peace Conference. Wilson believed he had found a watchdog for civilization in the League of Nations. In this he was sadly mistaken. Science and armed men have indeed been harnessed, but in order to promote and maintain the goals of conflicting polities. Whether in the pursuit of these ends the cause of civilization will yet be served remains, we may hope, an open question.

In International Pursuit of a Caliphate

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Age ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
New Models ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals ◽  
Post War

This chapter analyzes the vibrant discussions of the early twentieth century over how to revive a caliphate best suited to the post-war era. While some advocated preservation of a traditional caliphal figurehead, many Muslim intellectuals were greatly persuaded by new models of internationalism embracing the nation-state and proposed international caliphal councils and organizations, similar to the League of Nations, or other purportedly spiritual institutions, similar to the refashioned papacy, to preserve the bonds of a transregional religious community. To varying degrees, all the participants in the debate over reviving a twentieth-century caliphate were influenced by an intriguing confluence of both the historic transregionalism of the Muslim community as well as the modern thrust of the new age of global internationalism.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
David Ayers
Keyword(s):  
League Of Nations ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
The Waste Land ◽  
Waste Land

The introduction makes a link between the mention of Russia and Lithuania in Eliot’s The Waste Land in order to introduce the theme of the study in terms of the geopolitics of the period from 1917, which was characterised by the dismantling or destabilising of the European empress and the beginning of a process of de-imperialisation. The focus of the study will be on the adjacent and intersecting discourses in Britain concerning the Russian Revolution, nationalities, and the formation of the League of Nations, with reference to the literature and journalism of the period.

Leonard Woolf’s Fear and Politics: A Debate at the Zoo: Satirical Heritage as Apocalyptic Prophecy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vara Neverow
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Closing Time ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Zoo Animals ◽  
Leonard Woolf ◽  
Animal Farm ◽  
The Human Condition

Leonard Woolf, in his 24-page satirical pamphlet, Fear and Politics: A Debate at the Zoo, was published in 1925 and was the seventh work in the first series of Hogarth Essays. In the work, Woolf explores the inherent attributes of the human condition from a highly ironic viewpoint, presenting his argument through the discourse of animals. Victoria Glendinning (Leonard Woolf: A Biography) categorizes the work as a “satirical squib” and describes how “the supercivilized zoo animals hold a debate after closing time to discuss Man.” The elephant, all too familiar with human nature, states emphatically that, “Human beings delude themselves that a League of Nations or Protection or armies and navies are going to give them security and civilization in their jungle.” Glendinning not only aligns the heritage of Woolf’s essay with the caustic social critiques of Swift and Kipling but also observes that Fear and Politics “casts a beam ahead toward Orwell’s Animal Farm” (Glendinning 240-41). By situating the essay in the context of its hereditary, genetic elements, Glendinning highlights how Woolf’s work is also passed on to another heir.

The Wilsonian Order Project

2020 ◽  
pp. 132-163
Author(s):  
Kyle M. Lascurettes
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
International Order ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
World War ◽  
Woodrow Wilson ◽  
Bolshevik Revolution ◽  
Paris Peace Conference ◽  
At Home

How do we account for the vision of international order the American delegation pursued at the Paris Peace Conference after World War I, manifested most concretely in the Covenant of the League of Nations that was written by avowed liberal internationalist Woodrow Wilson? The dominant inclusive narrative of order construction in 1919 emphasizes America’s liberal institutions at home coupled with its president’s progressive ideals and sense of ideological mission in world affairs. By contrast, chapter 6 (“The Wilsonian Order Project”) argues that the new ideological threat posed by radical socialism after the Bolshevik Revolution in late 1917 actually played the most critical role in shaping the order preferences of Wilson and his principal advisers both before and during the Paris Peace Conference.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document