The Theory of Faculties

2018 ◽  
pp. 50-79
Author(s):  
Cheri Lynne Carr
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Habit Formation ◽  
Ordinary Experience ◽  
Passive Synthesis ◽  
Immanent Critique ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
Ethical Project

Prior to Foucault’s articulation of anti-fascism as the Deleuzo-Guattarian ethical project, Deleuze described his work as a contestation of the “dogmatic” or “moral” image of thought. For this contestation, Deleuze turned in Difference and Repetition to a Kantian notion of critique as the examination of the limits and powers of the faculties. Deleuze’s theory of faculties is a theory of how the subject is produced as an identity through active syntheses that are themselves the produce of passive syntheses. The critical analysis Deleuze undertakes in Difference and Repetition builds on the analysis of habit formation in the process of subjectivation insofar as it offers a method of analysis that is itself disruptive of habits and identities. Deleuze’s “immanent critique” describes in facultative passive synthesis not only the genesis of experience from sensibility, but the breakdown of experience in the violence of encounter. Critique reveals that the movement from the empirical to the transcendental or “heautonomous” forms of the faculties, which happens via an internalization of the violence of encounters that rupture ordinary experience, can be cultivated toward the ends of moving beyond the constraints of rule-governed, limited ways of thinking through the practice of critique itself.

Planification: Potential and role in XXI century market economy

2016 ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Buzgalin ◽  
A. Kolganov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Real Socialism ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Planning Institutions

The authors, basing on a critical analysis of the experience of planning during the 20th century in a number of countries of Europe and Asia, and also on the lessons from the economics of "real socialism", set out to substantiate their conclusions on the advisability of "reloading" this institution. The aim is to create planning mechanisms, suited to the new economy, that incorporate forecasting, projections, direct and indirect selective regulation and so forth into integral programs of economic development and that set a vector of development for particular limited spheres of what remains on the whole a market economy. New planning institutions presuppose a supersession of the forms of bureaucratic centralism and a reliance on network forms of organization of the subject and process of planning.

Insanity and Divorce

1892 ◽  
Vol 38 (162) ◽  
pp. 378-382
Author(s):  
A. Wood Renton
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law

In view of the interest which the subject is at present arousing, a critical analysis of the historical development of the law of insanity in its relation to divorce may be neither inopportune nor uninstructive.

Critical Analysis of Methods for Assessing the Innovation Potential of an Enterprise

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Mariya Podshivalova ◽  
S. Almrshed
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Economic Statistics ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Innovative Capacity

The starting point of research on assessing the innovative capacity of an enterprise is the question of definitions. In this regard, authors initially turned to review of scientific literature on the subject of definitions variety for the term "enterprise innovative capacity". These data show that the wording of this term by both foreign and Russian researchers differs significantly. Authors propose a systematization of approaches to the definition and a corresponding graphical classification model, which highlights the evolutionary, resource, functional and process approaches. Further, a critical analysis of approaches to assessing enterprise innovative capacity is carried out. At the first stage, the content of modern assessment methods was studied, and at the second stage, the mathematical tools used were studied. Authors have formed a graphical representation of critical analysis results and based on it, they have concluded that among the approaches to assessing enterprise innovative capacity, the evolutionary approach should be recognized as promising, and among the methods of quantitative assessment – tools of economic statistics.

scholarly journals The Role of Al3+-Based Aqueous Electrolytes in the Charge Storage Mechanism of MnOx Cathodes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Balland ◽  
Mickaël Mateos ◽  
Kenneth D. Harris ◽  
Benoit Limoges
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Charge Storage ◽  
Aqueous Electrolytes ◽  
Storage Mechanism ◽  
Main Charge ◽  
Charge Storage Mechanism ◽  
The Subject

<p>Rechargeable aqueous aluminium batteries are the subject of growing interest, but the charge storage mechanisms at manganese oxide-based cathodes remain poorly understood with as many mechanisms as studies. Here, we use an original <i>in situ</i> spectroelectrochemical methodology to unambiguously demonstrate that the reversible proton-coupled MnO<sub>2</sub>-to-Mn<sup>2+</sup> conversion is the main charge storage mechanism occurring at MnO<sub>2</sub> cathodes over a range of slightly acidic Al<sup>3+</sup>-based aqueous electrolytes. In Zn/MnO<sub>2</sub> assemblies, this mechanism is associated with high gravimetric capacity and discharge potentials, up to 560 mAh·g<sup>-1</sup> and 1.76 V respectively, attractive efficiencies (<i>CE</i> > 98.5 % and <i>EE</i> > 80%) and excellent cyclability (> 750 cycles at 10 A·g<sup>-1</sup>). Finally, we conducted a critical analysis of the data previously published on MnO<sub>x</sub> cathodes in Al<sup>3+</sup>-based aqueous electrolytes to conclude on a universal charge storage mechanism, <i>i.e.</i>, the reversible electrodissolution/electrodeposition of MnO<sub>2</sub>.<i></i></p>

scholarly journals Affective Pre-Givenness and Accumulation of Oneself

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Anatolii S. Sharov
Keyword(s):  
Effective Communication ◽  
The Self ◽  
Genetic Phenomenology ◽  
Passive Synthesis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

Based on the analysis of the previously unpublished heritage of Eh. Husserl, the so-called “Bernau-manuscripts” in the horizon of genetic phenomenology, a holistic consideration of subjectivity from the affectively pre-given to the Self as a collection of the self is outlined. Passive synthesis and passive genesis are analysed at the level of sensuality, which refers to the pre-predicative experience of affеction and genetically precedes the thematic correlation between the subject and the world. The accumulation of one’s own Self takes place in onto-reflexive processes through effective communication. Where the Self itself is the identical center, the pole with which the entire content of the stream of experiences is correlated.

scholarly journals Klassernes fortsatte forsvinden

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stine Thidemann Faber
Keyword(s):  
Gender Relations ◽  
Feminist Research ◽  
Sexual Preferences ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ways Of Thinking

The notion of intersectionality has become important in order to understand the condition of the subject in a society that among other factors are characterized by changing gender relations.  The notion relates itself to a society in which categories such as gender, class, ethnicity, age, sexual preferences, etc. interact with each other in novel and a more fluid and fluctuant way than earlier. Even though, internationally, feminist research has begun to focus on the intersection between different categories, it seems that the attention directed towards class is still minimized; class somehow seems to continue to live in obscurity, which is why a reflection of a distant past comes to mind as the class category by various means has a history of marginalisation within the feminist agenda. The article thus emphasizes the need to develop new feminist ways of thinking and writing about class.

scholarly journals Metaphysical Anthropocentrism, Limitrophy, and Responsibility: An Explication of the Subject of Animal Rights

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Jan-Harm De Villiers
Keyword(s):  
Animal Rights ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Traditional Model ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Metaphysical Tradition ◽  
Point Of Departure

This article undertakes a critical analysis of subjectivity and exposes the metaphysical and anthropocentric quasi-transcendental conditions that give rise to the construct(ion) of the Subject. I locate a critical moment for the metaphysical Subject in the work of Martin Heidegger which, whilst sadly not sustained in his later writings, provides a point of departure for an examination of the significance that animality plays in the metaphysical tradition and its constitutive relation to the construct of subjectivity. I discern this relation to be violent and sacrificial and draw on Jacques Derrida's nonanthropocentric ethics against the background of Drucilla Cornell's ethical reading of deconstruction to construct a critique of approaches that assimilate animals to the traditional model of subjectivity in order to represent their identity and interests in the legal paradigm. The main argument that I seek to advance is that such an approach paradoxically re-constructs the classical humanist subject of metaphysics and re-establishes the subject-centred system that silences the call of the animal Other, thereby solidifying and extending the legitimacy of a discourse and mode of social regulation that is fundamentally anthropocentric. I examine how we can address, incapacitate and move beyond this schemata of power through a rigorous deconstruction of the partitions that institute the Subject and how deconstruction clears a space for a de novo determination of the animal "subject" that can proceed from different sites of nonanthropocentric interruption. What follows is a call to refuse the mechanical utilisation of traditional legal constructs and I argue in favour of an approach to the question of the animal (in law) that identifies and challenges anthropocentrism as its critical target. I ultimately propose a critical engagement with the underlying metaphysical support of animal rights at a conceptual level, rather than simply utilising the law pragmatically as an instrument of immediate resolution.    

scholarly journals Society 5.0: a Self-Devouring System

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 4001-4004 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Principle Of Complementarity

The subject matter of the paper is a philosophical analysis of the civilization-cultural development strategy Society 5.0. The strategy emerged from the idea of the Japanese government formulated in 2016. A critical analysis shows that this development program contains systemic contradictions and risks. Nevertheless, the idea seems to be achieving the goals of modern humanism in the conditions of information civilization development. The research methodology stems from the principles of consistency, complementarity, fractality and the dialectics of the concepts which are as follows: culture and civilization, linear and nonlinear development, etc. There is much evidence that today the integration of mankind has become global. The process leads to, firstly, the changes in the scales of human subjectivity, and secondly, the attitude of man to chance and need. All these characteristics are fraught with threats to the holistic existence of mankind, and the possibility of people’s coming out of the crisis to the new levels of development. Private culture, which previously served as a powerful integrator of society, is losing the opportunity to carry out an ideological, and as a result, educational function in the conditions of an informational civilization. The transition of humanity from the monocultural to the multicultural way requires of relations between culture and civilization being based on the principles of complementarity. The construction of humanity as a self-organizing system is possible only through the management of civilization processes through culture, i.e., through the spiritual improvement of the human person. Evidence suggests that the principles laid down in the Society 5.0 development program do not meet these requirements. The program aims to implement the principle of positive feedback, as it tries to solve global problems of civilization with civilization practices. Theoretically, the achievement of harmonious relations between civilization and culture becomes possible on condition of the principle of complementarity. However, this principle also implies the rule of negative feedback

completed machine would almost certainly be less than half that of a completed machine of the same kind. How s1(3) operates has been the subject of a detailed and critical analysis by Robert Goff J in the case of BP Exploration Co Ltd v Hunt (No 2), the defendant was granted a concession to explore for oil in Libya. He did not have the physical resources to carry out the exploration himself, so he sold a half share in the concession to BP, on condition that they would bear the initial cost of exploration. Accordingly, under this arrangement, BP’s expenses at the outset were likely to be very substantial, but on the assumption that oil was discovered, that expenditure would be recouped as oil continued to come on stream. The nature of the contract was that should oil not be discovered, the risk would be borne by BP, but, on the assumption that oil was discovered, BP’s expenses would be paid for out of the defendant’s receipts. Oil was discovered in 1967, but in 1971, the Libyan Government expropriated BP’s share of the concession and, in 1973, the defendant’s share was also expropriated. Accordingly, BP had received some payment, but this went only so far as to cover two-thirds of their initial expenditure. On the other hand, since the defendant had no expenses, all moneys received by him amounted to profit once the concession had been paid for. Goff J adopted a two stage approach to s1(3), stating that it was necessary first to identify and value what benefit had been conferred on the defendant, since on the wording of s1(3), this set a ceiling on the amount which could be awarded by way of a just sum. Secondly, it was necessary to award a just sum, taking account of the value of the benefit conferred and the cost to the performer of the work he had done prior to the frustrating event. For these purposes, the benefit to the defendant will be assessed by reference to the end product of the service provided by the other party: BP Exploration Co Ltd v Hunt (No 2) [1979] 1 WLR 783, p 799

1995 ◽  
pp. 388-392
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Physical Resources ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Cost

Dealing with Workers

2019 ◽  
pp. 202-218
Author(s):  
Mathias Risse ◽  
Gabriel Wollner
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ways Of Thinking

The question of a just wage has presumably been contentious ever since there have been wage relations, and philosophical thought on the subject reaches back hundreds of years. Yet the subject remains elusive. This chapter discusses wage payments through the lens of trade justice. It explains how questions about wages arise as a topic of trade justice to begin with, examines prominent ways of thinking about wages, and offers an exploitation-based perspective. While none of the prominent competing perspectives fully succeeds, they capture insights a convincing perspective should accommodate. Deploying the conception of exploitation as power-induced failure of reciprocity shows how certain wages might plausibly be criticized as exploitatively low.

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