Introduction to Part II

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Florin Leonte
Keyword(s):  
The Social ◽  
Intellectual Milieu ◽  
Political Voice

The previous chapters revealed information about the social and intellectual milieu in which the emperor tried to articulate a new political voice. In the following chapters, I offer an analysis of the strategies the emperor used in the construction of his messages identifiable in four major political texts which arose from Manuel’s preoccupation with the internal and external affairs of the empire: the ...

The dervish's disciple: on the personality and intellectual milieu of the young Ignaz Goldziher

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence I. Conrad
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intellectual Milieu

When the Tagebuch of Ignaz Goldziher (1850–1921) was published in 1978, it was widely expected that the work would prove to be a mine of information on the life and career of its celebrated author. What was not expected was that so much of this information should consist of bitter criticism and empassioned invective directed against leading personalities in the social and intellectual circles of Budapest and Hungary, particularly in the Jewish community of which Goldziher himself was a leading member. The contrast between the image of the dispassionate and meticulous researcher presented to the public in so many of Goldziher's seminal studies on the religion and culture of Islam, and that of the outraged and sorrowing diarist manifest in the Tagebuch, was most striking.

The Social Relations of Tudor Oxford

1977 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 115-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. McConica
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Land Market ◽  
The Social ◽  
University History ◽  
Intellectual Milieu ◽  
English Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
The University

If study of the university can have any place in the general history of society, it must be understood as a part of a much larger historical phenomenon, of whose vastness and complexity the university's records themselves make us aware. In the sixteenth century we are conscious of powerful currents of social change and energy upon which the universities floated with little or no power of control: a rapidly growing population, geographically and economically on the move; a burgeoning school system; urban wealth growing and changing location, but always under the massive dominance of London; an active land-market; rise in prices; and the work of governments, both national and local, concerned with education and its consequences. This is the setting of Tudor society, and only special optical devices will enable us to pick out the university and set it in the foreground. In the process some distortion is inevitable. An indication of the problems that occur in university history may be found in the view of a recent student of Tudor Cambridge who, while acknowledging that one contribution of the universities to the complex change within English society was ‘the creation of a more refined and integrated cultural and intellectual milieu’ centred upon London and the court, finds the truly significant contribution in a more informed, vigorous and tenacious local solidarity in the ‘country’. Another historian of Elizabethan England tells us that in the universities, ‘the interesting thing, as so often in English life, is the extent and intimacy of the social mixture’.

Miles in Armis Strenuus: The Knight at War

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 201-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Prestwich
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Voice ◽  
The Military

War was more important to medieval knights than to many of their historians. They have been more concerned to debate shifts in the social status and numbers of knights, than to examine their military role. Varied scenarios of knights rising in social status, gaining a more powerful political voice as they became wealthier, and of declining knights, increasingly aggrieved at their failure to maintain their position in society, have vied one with another. Military obligation has, of course, proved to be a battlefield on paper for many historians, but debate on this has not always been informed by awareness of the muddy realities of war. It would be reasonable to suppose that major transformations in the social position of English knights were a response to, or at least a reflection of, changes in their military functions. Yet the only link that is commonly made is the assumption that changes in the social position of English knights were in some measure the result of the rising costs of the military equipment they needed to possess.

John Calvin’s Historicizing Interpretation of the Bible

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Barbara Pitkin
Keyword(s):  
Literal Sense ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intellectual Milieu ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Exegetical Tradition

This chapter makes the case for viewing John Calvin’s engagement with the Bible in light of contemporary concerns with history and historical method. It outlines the contexts of his exegetical program, including premodern exegetical traditions and their understandings of scripture’s historical sense as well as the broader intellectual milieu and the social, cultural, and political contexts that shaped his work. It delineates four central aspects of Calvin’s method: his commitment to continuous exposition and lucid brevity; his focus on the mind of the biblical author and prioritizing of the literal sense; his views on the authority of Paul and the exegetical tradition; and his theological assumptions about the scopus and unity of scripture. Finally, it provides a summary of the remaining chapters in the book.

scholarly journals The Lives and Afterlives of the Library of the Maronite Physician Ḥannā al-Ṭabīb (c. 1702–1775) from Aleppo

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 190-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feras Krimsti
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Research Library ◽  
German Scholar ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intellectual Milieu

AbstractIn eighteenth-century Aleppo, books acquired an unprecedented significance among Aleppo’s Christians, against the background of an expanding “culture of the book”. This paper attempts to reconstruct the library of the Maronite physician Ḥannā al-Ṭabīb (c. 1702–1775), based on ownership statements in manuscripts purchased by the German scholar and Oriental traveller Ulrich Jasper Seetzen (1767–1811) in Aleppo, presently preserved in Gotha’s Research Library. Proceeding from an assessment of the ownership statements and a thematic analysis of the library, the paper will address the implications for our understanding of book ownership in the social and intellectual milieu of the owner. It will be argued that owning books was a facet of an intensifying and active—not passive—preoccupation with literature among Christians.

On the History of Turkish Feminism

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Safarian
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Women's Literature ◽  
Turkish Women ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intellectual Milieu ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Turkish Society

AbstractThe paper deals with the several aspects of the history of Feminism in the Ottoman Empire. It elucidates the early stages of the formation of the Feministic ideas and tendencies in the Turkish society at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Particular attention is paid to the social-political activities and the role of the Turkish women writers Halide Edib, Arife Hanım, and others. The author discusses inter alia the impact of the Armenian intellectual milieu and, especially, that of the Turkish Armenian women's literature on the inception and development of the Feministic literature in Turkey.

Imagining the Balkans as a Space of Revolution: The Federalist Vision of Serbian Socialism, 1870–1914

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Robertson
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Social Democratic Party ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
World War ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Federalist ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intellectual Milieu ◽  
Progressive Party

Between the years 1870 and 1914, leftist intellectuals in the Kingdom of Serbia theorized and promoted a project of Balkan Federation as a strategic priority in the social, economic, and political transformation of the region. This article offers a genealogy of these federalist ideas and places them in dialogue with rival projects of regional unification in the Balkans and Eastern Europe during the long nineteenth century. It begins by developing a typology of federalist projects in Europe, categorizing these according to the underlying models of sovereignty upon which they were founded. I identify four categories: revolutionary-republican, imperial-reformist, imperial-irredentist, and revolutionary-social. Instead of organizing these federalisms according to their authors’ ideological commitments (socialist, nationalist, pan-Slavic) or their geographic scope (Balkan, Danubian), the article argues that examining their respective models of sovereignty offers intellectual historians a more productive approach to identify the unexpected convergences and divergences of federalist projects during this period. The article then moves into a discussion of the development of Serbian socialist ideas of Balkan Federation, beginning first with the work of Svetozar Marković (1846–1875) and then turning to the writings of the fin de siècle Social Democratic Party in the decade before World War I. Situating this genealogy of socialist Balkan federalism in its broader European intellectual milieu, I use the above typology to identify the ways in which Serbian socialists converged and diverged from contemporary federalist projects, including the reformist ideas of the Austro-Marxists, the irredentist strategy of the Serbian Progressive Party, and the republican ideas of Karel Kautsky.

The Social Origins and Provenance of the English Bishops during the Reign of Edward II

1959 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 51-79
Author(s):  
K. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Early Career ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Edward Ii ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
History Of

During the last twenty or twenty-five years medieval historians have been much interested in the composition of the English episcopate. A number of studies of it have been published on periods ranging from the eleventh to the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. A further paper might well seem superfluous. My reason for offering one is that most previous writers have concentrated on analysing the professional circles from which the bishops were drawn, and suggesting the influences which their early careers as royal clerks, university masters and students, secular or regular clergy, may have had on their later work as bishops. They have shown comparatively little interest in their social background and provenance, except for those bishops who belonged to magnate families. Some years ago, when working on the political activities of Edward II's bishops, it seemed to me that social origins, family connexions and provenance might in a number of cases have had at least as much influence on a bishop's attitude to politics as his early career. I there fore collected information about the origins and provenance of these bishops. I now think that a rather more careful and complete study of this subject might throw further light not only on the political history of the reign, but on other problems connected with the character and work of the English episcopate. There is a general impression that in England in the later middle ages the bishops' ties with their dioceses were becoming less close, and that they were normally spending less time in diocesan work than their predecessors in the thirteenth century.

Social transmission bias and the cultural evolution of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hirshleifer ◽  
Siew Hong Teoh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Social Transmission ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Economic Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Over Time

AbstractEvolved dispositions influence, but do not determine, how people think about economic problems. The evolutionary cognitive approach offers important insights but underweights the social transmission of ideas as a level of explanation. The need for asocialexplanation for the evolution of economic attitudes is evidenced, for example, by immense variations in folk-economic beliefs over time and across individuals.

Individual differences, social attention, and the history of the social motivation hypotheses of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract The stereotype of people with autism as unresponsive or uninterested in other people was prominent in the 1980s. However, this view of autism has steadily given way to recognition of important individual differences in the social-emotional development of affected people and a more precise understanding of the possible role social motivation has in their early development.

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