Miles in Armis Strenuus: The Knight at War

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 201-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Prestwich
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Voice ◽  
The Military

War was more important to medieval knights than to many of their historians. They have been more concerned to debate shifts in the social status and numbers of knights, than to examine their military role. Varied scenarios of knights rising in social status, gaining a more powerful political voice as they became wealthier, and of declining knights, increasingly aggrieved at their failure to maintain their position in society, have vied one with another. Military obligation has, of course, proved to be a battlefield on paper for many historians, but debate on this has not always been informed by awareness of the muddy realities of war. It would be reasonable to suppose that major transformations in the social position of English knights were a response to, or at least a reflection of, changes in their military functions. Yet the only link that is commonly made is the assumption that changes in the social position of English knights were in some measure the result of the rising costs of the military equipment they needed to possess.

Geneva's philanthropists around 1900: a field made of distinctive but interconnected social groups

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS DAVID ◽  
ALIX HEINIGER ◽  
FELIX BÜHLMANN
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Social Field ◽  
The Social ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the social profile of Geneva's philanthropists around 1900. It shows that, contrary to what the literature on philanthropy argues, philanthropists belonged to varied social groups defined by diverse forms of capital (economic, social and cultural) and were involved in philanthropic activities related to their social status. Together, those philanthropists formed a social field. They were connected to each other and even needed to collaborate on specific issues. The article argues that interconnections between actors reinforced their social position. By examining this field through both quantitative and qualitative methods, the article highlights relationships and ties between actors and shows how they collaborated on the basis of commonly held principles.

XIV. The Social Status of Chaucer's Franklin

PMLA ◽  
1926 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Hall Gerould
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
The Social ◽  
Edward Iii ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject

An uncertainty as to the social position of franklins in general, and of Chaucer's Franklin in particular, has occasionally manifested itself since the early part of the nineteenth century. In 1810, Todd quoted an elaborate note from Waterhous's Commentary on Sir John Fortescue's De Laudibus Legum Angliae, which tended to show that franklins did not belong to the gentry. Todd was unable to square this with the fact that (Chaucer's Franklin was “at sessiouns,” since by a statute of Edward III, which he cited, justices were seigneurs, and that he was “ofte tyme” a knight of the shire, since by another statute members of parliament were “chivalers et serjantz des meulz vaues du paies.”) Todd was thus left in doubt as to the gentility of the Franklin. As a later examination of Fortescue's remarks will show, it is not he but his commentator who must be blamed for lowering the status of Chaucer's sanguine country gentleman. If Todd had been of firmer mind, or if he had studied the subject more deeply, he would not have left the matter in doubt—a trap for unwary feet in later times.

scholarly journals Once more on some issues of commemorative culture

Sociologija ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-324
Author(s):  
Djokica Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Social Position ◽  
The State ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Yugoslav Wars

This text discusses some aspects of commemorative culture in our society. On one hand, commemorative culture belongs to the batch of ideas that make up the corpus of ideological ritualization of the past that divinizes the state (or, more precisely, divinizes a particular ideological order). However, the established commemorative culture in our country has been intrinsically fenced up by the nature of the ex-Yugoslav wars during the end of the previous century. It is essential to note that Serbia was not officially a participant in the wars which prevented the recognition of the social status of the people who actually took part in the wars. This fact further meant that it was even less likely that these individuals would be able to make their social position socially institutionalized which deprived them of their hard-earned social status, creating all kinds of unsolved social issues. These individuals remain unacknowledged nowadays as well. Those, as such, do not belong to commemorative culture. This is, at the same time, the rationale for the official non-recognition of the events and dates that marked the wars leading to the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia. The author of this paper thinks that it is necessary that a consensus be reached within the virtual boundaries of the now non-existent country about the nature of its commemorative culture. Only In such culture can all the newly founded states and relevant individuals be firmly grounded.

The Embassy Headed by Petr Mansurov and Semen Samsonov (1615—1619) and the “Greek” Secular Migration

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5 (103)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Tatiana Oparina
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adaptation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Military ◽  
Greek Immigrants

The article studies the lives of immigrants who came from the Ottoman Empire to Russia with the Embassy of Petr Mansurov and Semen Samsonov. The archival material allows us to trace the lives of the immigrants and their descendants in Russia up to the mid/late 17th century. The documents also offer a possibility to reconstruct the social status of the immigrants in the Ottoman Empire. Almost all of them belonged to the military class and had previously moved from the Balkans to the Danube principalities. In Russia, they retained their social status and were engaged by the Office for foreign military servants affairs (Inozemsky Prikaz). Many died while guarding Russia’s southern borders. Only one person lived a long life in Russia — Nikolai Kralev, who rose to the rank of captain. He spent about 33 years in Russia. The obtained information expands our understanding of the mechanisms of adaptation and the ways of naturalization of “Greek” immigrants in Russian society.

“Great Injustice”: Social Status and the Distribution of Military Pensions after the Civil War

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-160
Author(s):  
Russell L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Manual Labor ◽  
Union Army ◽  
Enlisted Men ◽  
The Social ◽  
True Ability

In recent years, historians have paid increased attention to the Civil War pension system created for Union army soldiers and their families. It has come to be seen as a milestone in the evolution of U.S. social policy. Despite the overall appearance of generosity and of unbiased treatment for applicants, however, individuals actually experienced the system very differently based on the social status of the soldier involved. Looking at pension legislation, its implementation, and nearly one thousand pension claim files, this article argues that three types of status discrimination appeared in the distribution of pensions: Pension laws paid larger amounts to officers and their families, the Pension Bureau used ability to perform manual labor to determine the level of disability regardless of the applicants' true ability to earn a living, and claims based on the service of officers generally were decided more quickly and more favorably than those of enlisted men. Because military ranks reflected the soldiers' civilian social position—most manual laborers served as enlisted men, for example—these biases meant that individuals of higher social status received significantly better treatment than those of lower civilian status.

scholarly journals SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE OF WORKERS AND EMPLOYEES OF DEFENSE INDUSTRY IN WESTERN SIBERIA DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

2017 ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
I. M. Sawicky
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military ◽  
Local Party

The article considers the socio-political life of the workers and employees of the military-industrial complex in Western Siberia, which is one of three such complexes  in  the  USSR  that  supplied  the  Red  Army  with  military  equipment and ammunition. It was established that the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (CPSU (b), giving great attention to the regions of their location, in the Propaganda and Agitation Department of the Central Committee  added  some  new  structural  units,  whose  influence  embraced  all  aspects of socio-political life of the workers and employees in these regions. Propaganda and Agitation Department of the Central Committee promptly controlled and supervised the work of local Party and Soviet bodies, organizations and institutions in this direction.The major focus is on the study of the activities of the Soviet Information Bureau (Sovinformbureau), press, radio, cinema, lecturers, propagandists and agitators, who informed the workers and employees about the most important events at the front and in the rear, formed the social and political attitudes. It was found that the greatest role was played by outstanding artists, theatrical, musical and artistic intelligentsia who, through their presentations, shows and performances of the anti-fascist orientation raising the spiritual forces of workers, engineers and technicians, inspired people to labor feats. Through the combination of these events, organized by the central and local Party authorities, the government and local executive authorities shaped social and political consciousness, patriotism of workers, engineers and technicians, to forge the weapon of victory over fascism. 

Cross-space Consumption among Undocumented Chinese Immigrants in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhou ◽  
Xiangyi Li
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Currency Exchange ◽  
The Social ◽  
International Migrants

We consider cross-space consumption as a form of transnational practice among international migrants. In this paper, we develop the idea of the social value of consumption and use it to explain this particular form of transnationalism. We consider the act of consumption to have not only functional value that satisfies material needs but also a set of nonfunctional values, social value included, that confer symbolic meanings and social status. We argue that cross-space consumption enables international migrants to take advantage of differences in economic development, currency exchange rates, and social structures between countries of destination and origin to maximize their expression of social status and to perform or regain social status. Drawing on a multisited ethnographic study of consumption patterns in migrant hometowns in Fuzhou, China, and in-depth interviews with undocumented Chinese immigrants in New York and their left-behind family members, we find that, despite the vulnerabilities and precarious circumstances associated with the lack of citizenship rights in the host society, undocumented immigrants manage to realize the social value of consumption across national borders and do so through conspicuous consumption, reciprocal consumption, and vicarious consumption in their hometowns even without being physically present there. We conclude that, while cross-space consumption benefits individual migrants, left-behind families, and their hometowns, it serves to revive tradition in ways that fuel extravagant rituals, drive up costs of living, reinforce existing social inequality, and create pressure for continual emigration.

Doing Bodhisattva’s Work

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-32
Author(s):  
Le Hoang Anh Thu
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Class Identity ◽  
The Social

This paper explores the charitable work of Buddhist women who work as petty traders in Hồ Chí Minh City. By focusing on the social interaction between givers and recipients, it examines the traders’ class identity, their perception of social stratification, and their relationship with the state. Charitable work reveals the petty traders’ negotiations with the state and with other social groups to define their moral and social status in Vietnam’s society. These negotiations contribute to their self-identification as a moral social class and to their perception of trade as ethical labor.

Attention Sustainability Impact on Social Status in the Class

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Stanislava Varadinova
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
School Dropout ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Early School ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way ◽  
Positive Environment

The attention sustainability and its impact of social status in the class are current issues concerning the field of education are the reasons for delay in assimilating the learning material and early school dropout. Behind both of those problems stand psychological causes such as low attention sustainability, poor communication skills and lack of positive environment. The presented article aims to prove that sustainability of attention directly influences the social status of students in the class, and hence their overall development and the way they feel in the group. Making efforts to increase students’ attention sustainability could lead to an increase in the social status of the student and hence the creation of a favorable and positive environment for the overall development of the individual.

STUDI TATA RUANG RUMAH TINGGAL SUKU TALANG MAMAK (Spatial Study Talang Mamak Tribe House)

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Gun Faisal ◽  
Dimas Wihardyanto
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Theory Method ◽  
The Core ◽  
Grounded Theory Method ◽  
Hunting And Gathering ◽  
The Social ◽  
Open Coding ◽  
Household Activities ◽  
Axial Coding

The Talang Mamak tribe, one of Indonesian tribe, still practices the hunting and gathering of natural produce despite the fact that among them have chosen to settle permanently and doing farming activities. The aim of this research is to study the characteristics of the Talang Mamak house. The method used in this research is grounded theory method, based on the open coding, axial coding as well selective coding techniques. The method used to find the variation layout of the houses and then evaluate the characters and concept of the layouts. The conclusion of this study is that the core of the Talang Mamak house is based on the connectivity of four rooms namely: Ruang Haluan, Ruang Tangah, Ruang Tampuan and Pandapuran. The house has an open layout where all daily household activities are done without barriers. The social status of the owner is identified by houses furniture and staf

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