‘Unnatural Carnal Connection’: Bestiality and the Law in Early Twentieth-century Scotland

2018 ◽  
pp. 51-73
Author(s):  
Roger Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Social Status ◽  
World War ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First World

Chapter 4 constitutes a pioneering study of the practice and prosecution of bestiality in twentieth-century Scotland. In turn, it examines the social status, background, lifestyle and possible motive of offenders, the nature and location of the crime committed, and the process by which it was brought to the attention of the law. The variety of roles undertaken by the police in investigating complaints and preparing evidence for the Procurators Fiscal is detailed. In addition, the significant contribution of forensic and veterinary medicine to building the prosecution case is illustrated, as is the limited use of psychiatric evidence after the First World War. The chapter also discusses the impact of the social taboo surrounding bestiality on the reluctance of Procurators Fiscal at times to initiate prosecutions and the secretive nature of many trial proceedings. Finally, sentencing practices in the period 1900−30 are examined and the degree of continuity and change in medico-legal perceptions of the offence identified..

Anarchism, 1914-18

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Resistance ◽  
Bolshevik Revolution ◽  
Wrong Side ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First World ◽  
New Strategies

This volume provides examines anarchist responses to the First World War. The collection is divided into three sections. The first examines the interventionist debate, focusing on the acrimonious disputes between Peter Kropotkin and Errico Malatesta which split the anarchist movement in 1914. The second discusses the impact of the war and the Bolshevik revolution, presenting a historical analysis of German, Dutch, French and US movements and conceptual analysis of just war and intervention, prefiguration, nationalism, internationalism, transnationalism, anti-colonialism, pacifism and terrorism. The final section focuses on anti-militarism and discusses no-conscription campaigns, anti-war/anti-capitalist cultural resistance and ideas of memory and war myths, centring on the experiences of Herbert Read. The book discusses the impact of the war on anarchism by looking at the social, cultural and geo-political changes that the war hastened, promoting forms of socialism that marginalized anarchist ideas, but argues that even while the war destroyed many domestic movements it also contributed to a re-framing of anarchist ideas. The book shows how the bitter divisions about the war and the experience of being caught on the wrong side of the Bolshevik Revolution encouraged anarchists to reaffirm their deeply-held rejection of vanguard socialism and develop new strategies that drew on a plethora of anti-war activities. The currents of ideas that emerged from anarchism's apparent obsolescence were crystallised during the war.

scholarly journals Bohdan Janusz – polsko-ukraiński miłośnik historii i pamiętnikarz o początkach Wielkiej Wojny

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 62-80
Author(s):  
Paweł Woś ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Emotional Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The City ◽  
First World

The article presents the social and political face of Lviv during the First World War, based on the memoirs of Bohdan Janusz. The notes covering the initial period of the war from the perspective of a Polish-Ukrainian researcher of the culture and past of Lviv and Eastern Galicia present not only the strong emotional context of the described events, but also fully reflect the atmosphere in the city. The diversification of the transmission of the ego-documents, due to the social status of their author, allows a much closer look at the collective portrait of the inhabitants of Lviv.

High dignity and low salaries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
Trade Unionism ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

This chapter examines how, in the early 1900s, Irish journalists organised themselves into an association that examined contentious issues such as salaries, employment conditions, the social status of journalists, the place of women in journalism, and whether trade unionism was appropriate for journalists. Against the backdrop of the Great Lockout, the First World War, and the 1916 Rising this nascent organisation (the Irish Journalists’ Association) allowed journalists to discuss contentious issues amongst themselves. However, the development of the association was hampered by divisive debates about the role of journalists in society and the bid for national independence by physical force.

Karl Barth and the Crisis of the First World War

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-60
Author(s):  
Joshua Mauldin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Liberalism ◽  
First World War ◽  
Karl Barth ◽  
World War ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

This chapter explores how Karl Barth responded to the social crisis in Europe in the wake of the First World War. Barth’s experience as a pastor and professor early in the twentieth century led him to seek an alternative to nineteenth-century theological liberalism, which he had imbibed during his own education. Many of Barth’s critics, as well as his supporters, have mistakenly assumed that Barth’s rejection of theological liberalism entailed and included a matching rejection of political liberalism. This chapter argues that Barth supported democratic liberalism even while rejecting theological liberalism. Focusing primarily on his early lectures, the chapter examines how Barth’s vision of the legitimacy of modern politics was not in tension with his theological project; on the contrary his politics afforded him the theological freedom to work toward a renewal of dogmatic orthodoxy.

Theology and Ecumenism after Edinburgh 1910

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-78
Author(s):  
Marlene Finlayson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First World War ◽  
Kingdom Of God ◽  
Voluntary Movements ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Protestant Christianity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First World

How was early twentieth-century Protestant Christianity, so prone to division, able to initiate and sustain a movement that sought Christian unity? What was the significance for the movement of the World Missionary Conference in Edinburgh 1910? What was the effect of the First World War on the newly emerging ecumenical movement? These questions provide the main themes of this chapter. It describes and assesses the impact of the voluntary movements that had been influenced by the Evangelical Awakening; the revivalism of the 1880s; the development of a Kingdom of God theology; and the missionary movement’s goal of evangelizing the world in a generation. It also describes the major contributions of John R. Mott, Joseph H. Oldham, and David S. Cairns in the first two decades of the twentieth century, when the churches had reached a watershed in their relations.

scholarly journals Music, Noise, and the First World War in Ford Madox Ford's Parade's End

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Moss
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First World

Parade's End registers the potential and necessity for a transition in conceptions of music informed by new sounds experienced during the First World War. In the trenches, Tietjens interprets a bombardment as a Wagnerian orchestra, encouraging contemplation of where and why demarcation lines between music and noise are drawn, as well as reflection on the utopian project of Wagner's Gesamtkunstwerk (Total Art-Work). Ford's tetralogy has a significant contribution to make towards understanding how writers were navigating the impact of noise on music in the early twentieth century.

‘Venereal Trouble’: The Case of ‘Professor’ Abraham Eastburn

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-29
Author(s):  
Roger Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Moral Panic ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
World War ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Chapter 2 investigates the prosecution of ‘Professor’ Abraham Eastburn in 1919 as a means of exploring the interface between the law and the moral panic surrounding VD in early twentieth century Scotland that reached its peak during and immediately after the First World War. A detailed narrative of his background and practice, together with a content analysis of his posters and handbills, furnish valuable insights into the widespread and continuing recourse to unregistered healers and quack remedies. The failure of qualified practitioners and established therapies to meet the needs of those suffering from venereal infections is surveyed. Eastburn’s’ prosecution is then contextualised within the social politics shaping the creation of a nation-wide health system for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of VD, and the outlawing, under growing pressure from the medical profession, of all venereal advice and treatment by unqualified practitioners under the 1917 Venereal Disease Act..

scholarly journals Six O’Clock in Princes Street

2019 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil McLennan
Keyword(s):  
Heuristic Method ◽  
World War ◽  
War Poetry ◽  
Shell Shock ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Innovative Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
First World

The First World War poet, 2nd Lieutenant Wilfred Owen, is remembered for his powerful testimony of war via his anti-war poetry. However, there has been limited focused investigation of Owen’s four months in Edinburgh between 26 June 1917 and 3/4 November 1917 and the impact of that period. Owen was in Edinburgh convalescing from ‘shell-shock’ at Craiglockhart War Hospital; his doctor called it ‘re-education’.1 Fresh research and analysis has been able to confirm the Scottish inspiration of a number of aspects of Owen’s poetry: from Owen’s first visit to Scotland, holidaying in 1912, and his four-month stay in Edinburgh in the latter half of 1917. During late 1917 Owen was able to craft some of the most poignant war poetry of the century, if not all time. That writing was made possible by the Edinburgh environment and important meetings in the social circles he benefited from in the city. It was facilitated by innovative ‘work’ cures, or ergotherapy, being implemented at Craiglockhart by Edinburgh-based physician Dr Arthur John Brock. Brock had been inspired in his medical thinking by Professor Sir Patrick Geddes. Geddes would evolve sociologist Le Play’s Lieu, Travail et Famille heuristic method and propose three themes as determinants of society: Place, Work and Folk. Geddes’ sociological survey model provides useful lenses for a more in-depth consideration of the socio-cultural impact of Edinburgh and its people on Owen and his writing.

scholarly journals Historisising twentieth-century historiography

HISTOREIN ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Antonis Liakos
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Generation ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First World

The twentieth century has been described as a dark century of wars, holocausts, death and pain. This is true, but it is only a partial image of the century. This article discusses five major challenges and their relations to historiography: a) the disintegration of empires, decolonisation and the rise of new nations; b) the impact of world wars (genocides, revolutions, totalitarian regimes); c) the boom in technoscience and the digital era; d) the ascent of rights, the transformation of gender relations and mass literacy; and e) globalisation. These changes were experienced by three generations of historians. The first generation appeared before the First World War, the second from 1918 to 1970 and the third from 1970. The question we pose is: has the history of historiography responded to these challenges or does it also have its internal logic? And how has it responded?

Modernism Under Review: Hugh Kenner's The Pound Era

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
Marjorie Perloff
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
First World

This essay offers a critical re-assessment of Hugh Kenner's The Pound Era. It argues that Kenner's magisterial survey remains important to our understanding of Modernism, despite its frankly partisan viewpoint. Kenner's is an insider's account of the Anglo-American Modernist writing that he takes to have been significant because it sought to invent a new language consonant with the ethos of the twentieth century. The essay suggests that Kenner's impeccable attention to the Modernist renovation of language goes beyond formalism, since, for him, its ‘patterned energies’ (a term derived from Buckminster Fuller's theory of knots) relate Modernism to the larger complex of artefacts within which it functions and, beyond these, to what he takes to be the great works of the past and to the scientific-technological inventions of the present. But the essay also points out that Kenner's is an eccentric canon, which makes no room for Forster, Frost, Lawrence, or Stevens. Furthermore, Kenner's emphasis on the First World War as a great cultural rupture, while plausible, works less well for Joyce and Williams than it does for Pound and Eliot.

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