Kelsen’s Milieu

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-65
Author(s):  
Robert Schuett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
Philosophy And Literature ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Fin De Siècle ◽  
Foreign Intelligence

Who shaped the early Kelsen’s style of thinking under the Kaiser? What were the intellectual circles in which he moved in fin-de-siècle Vienna and the interwar period before he left Austria for Cologne, Geneva, Prague, and the United States? The chapter explores ‘the other Kelsen’ by revisiting his formative years, as well as his work in the lecture halls of university and his high-profile roles in the War Ministry, Karl Renner’s state chancellery, and American foreign intelligence after escaping the fascist Continent. A reluctant jurist, Kelsen had a passion for philosophy and literature, and from Freud and the economists he learned that individual and social life was all about drives and desires, instincts and interests. Where Kelsen was, there was no land of utopia.

The Paradox of the Fin de Siècle: Anti-Americanism and Americanization

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Kuisel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
American Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
Fin De Siècle ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Opinion Polls

As the twentieth century drew to a close, Americanization was transforming how the French ate, entertained themselves, conducted business, and even communicated. Yet the fin de siècle also witnessed the strongest expression of anti-Americanism since the 1960s, which was visible in opinion polls, newspapers, books, television, and politicians' pronouncements. This chapter examines this paradox, this tension between a society seemingly immersed in America and one that posed America as “the other.” The growing anti-Americanism can be briefly explained as follows: once the Cold War ended, the transatlantic superpower, from a French perspective, became more overbearing. The French in turn became more critical of domestic trends in the United States and less comfortable with the inroads of American culture. As a result they intensified their efforts at both asserting their independence and defining themselves differently from their American cousins.

Fin de Siècle, Gilded Age, or Belle Époque

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shearer West
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Gilded Age ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
Belle Epoque ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Sexual Perversion ◽  
Fin De Siècle ◽  
Belle Époque

This chapter considers the origin and significance of three terms widely used to characterize a decadent periodization in Britain, the United States, and France: fin de siècle, Gilded Age, and Belle Époque. While these terms were used loosely, and in some cases retrospectively, to describe the last thirty years of the nineteenth century, they also highlight dominant social narratives of the period. These decades witnessed unprecedented economic growth, rapid technological progress, and relative peace following such crises as the Franco-Prussian War in Europe and the Civil War in the United States. However, the cultural products of decadence were more likely to emphasize millennial doom, nervous exhaustion, sexual perversion, and scientific failure, while the decadent style was seen as a novel way of expressing how it felt to live in an era in which the pace of modern life brought with it febrile cultural, social, and political change.

Fin-de-siècle fantasies: Elektra, degeneration and sexual science

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Kramer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Sexual Desires ◽  
Fin De Siècle ◽  
Sexual Science ◽  
Otto Weininger

In 1903, Otto Weininger, twenty-three, Viennese, Jewish, and an imminent suicide, published his misogynist manifesto Sex and Character and created an international sensation. ‘One began’, reported a contemporary, ‘to hear in the men's clubs of England and in the cafés of France and Germany – one began to hear singular mutterings among men. Even in the United States where men never talk about women, certain whispers might be heard. The idea was that a new gospel had appeared.’ Weininger's new gospel tied the spiritual progress of the human race to the repudiation of its female half. Women, said Weininger, are purely material beings, mindless, sensuous, animalistic and amoral; lacking individuality, they act only at the behest of a ‘universalised, generalised, impersonal’ sexual instinct. For humanity to achieve its spiritual destiny, men – particularly ‘Aryan’ men, who had not suffered a racial degeneracy that made the task impossible – must achieve the individualistic supremacy first revealed by the philosophy of Immanuel Kant. In order to do this, they must both rid themselves of the femininity within them and reject their sexual desires for the women around them.

Mass Society, I

2019 ◽  
pp. 234-249
Author(s):  
David Sorkin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
Mass Society ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Fin De Siècle

This chapter addresses how Europe became a mass society in the fin de siècle (1870–1914). Explosive population growth gave rise to major metropolises whose residents were divided by rank and religion, gender and class. The new conditions of the fin de siècle, mass migration from eastern Europe, and the rise of the new organized political anti-Semitism propelled Jews across Europe and in the United States to establish social welfare and civil defense organizations. The former practiced solidarity on a grand scale; the latter intervened to protect equality. The organizations' promotion of emancipation was predicated on Jews being a confession or religious group: by functioning under the guise of “welfare” and “civil defense,” they deliberately eschewed political claims. From the 1890s, new forms of mass Jewish politics emerged that contested that basic assumption.

The Early Interwar Period

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-192
Author(s):  
Sebastian Rosato
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War I ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Treaty Of Versailles ◽  
The Creation

This chapter examines Franco-German and U.S.-Japanese relations in the early interwar period (1919-30). The chapter begins by drawing on the primary and secondary historical record to evaluate how key French and German decision makers thought about each other’s intentions, focusing on these episodes: the negotiation, signature, and aftermath of the Treaty of Versailles; the onset, development, and resolution of the Ruhr Crisis; and the Locarno era. Were they confident that their counterparts had benign intentions—that is, did they trust each other—as asserted by intentions optimists? Or were they uncertain about each other’s intentions, which is to say that they mistrusted each other, as suggested by intentions pessimism? Having shown that Paris and Berlin were far from confident that the other side had benign intentions throughout the early interwar period, the chapter then describes the shape of the resulting Franco-German security competition. The second half of the chapter repeats the analysis performed in the first half, this time with respect to the United States and Japan, focusing on the following episodes: the aftermath of World War I; the creation and operation of the Washington Treaty system; and the three years between the Geneva and London Naval conferences.

Motorists, Non-drivers and Traffic Accidents between the Wars

Transfers ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-21
Author(s):  
Bill Luckin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Automobile Manufacturing ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Dangerous Driving ◽  
High Degree

This international overview focuses on the conflict between drivers and non- drivers in Britain, France, the United States, Germany, and Sweden during the interwar period. It suggests that on neither side of the Channel did pro-pedestrian movements make a major impact on national safety legislation. In the U.S.A. automobile-manufacturing interest groups undermined what they perceived to be threatening neighborhood opposition to the onward rush of the automobile. In Germany, which had earlier experienced high levels of anti-car activity, Hitler-inspired commitment to modernization nevertheless led, by the mid-1930s, to the consolidation of punitive measures against erring drivers. In Sweden, however, there appears to have been a high degree of complementarity between pro-motorism and policies designed to minimize dangerous driving. The paper concludes that an understanding of this “deviant“ position may be deepened through scrutiny of the values associated with the Swedish Social Democratic Workers' Party (SAP). A similar approach might be applied to the other nations discussed in the article.

On the Couch: The Alpha Male in Therapy in Contemporary American Television Drama

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-818
Author(s):  
PETER TEMPLETON
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
Television Drama ◽  
Alpha Male ◽  
American Television ◽  
Fin De Siècle

As ideas of masculinity have changed in the United States, so too has the presentation of men on television. This article, then, explores a range of characters that have characteristics associated with the alpha male in the unusually vulnerable position of the patient, in a variety of programmes from generic detective dramas through to critically acclaimed productions, to analyse how programme makers navigate questions of masculinity against the cultural backdrop of the most recent fin de siècle. It also demonstrates a range of responses by programme makers, including some that question hypermasculine tendencies only to ultimately reinforce them.

Working With Interpreters to Support Students Who Are English Language Learners

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette W. Langdon ◽  
Terry Irvine Saenz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Language ◽  
Second Best ◽  
Support Students

The number of English Language Learners (ELL) is increasing in all regions of the United States. Although the majority (71%) speak Spanish as their first language, the other 29% may speak one of as many as 100 or more different languages. In spite of an increasing number of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who can provide bilingual services, the likelihood of a match between a given student's primary language and an SLP's is rather minimal. The second best option is to work with a trained language interpreter in the student's language. However, very frequently, this interpreter may be bilingual but not trained to do the job.

Latino Catholicism

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Matovina
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
The United States ◽  
Societal Impact ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
The U.S

Most histories of Catholicism in the United States focus on the experience of Euro-American Catholics, whose views on social issues have dominated public debates. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the Latino Catholic experience in America from the sixteenth century to today, and offers the most in-depth examination to date of the important ways the U.S. Catholic Church, its evolving Latino majority, and American culture are mutually transforming one another. This book highlights the vital contributions of Latinos to American religious and social life, demonstrating in particular how their engagement with the U.S. cultural milieu is the most significant factor behind their ecclesial and societal impact.

Armed Violence in the Ideology of Contemporary Islamic Fundamentalism - Study models

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Laith Mzahim Khudair Kazem
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Armed Violence ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
At Home

The armed violence of many radical Islamic movements is one of the most important means to achieve the goals and objectives of these movements. These movements have legitimized and legitimized these violent practices and constructed justification ideologies in order to justify their use for them both at home against governments or against the other Religiously, intellectually and even culturally, or abroad against countries that call them the term "unbelievers", especially the United States of America.

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