Departure from Communicative Norms in the Qur'an: Insights from al-Jurjānī and al-Zamakhsharī

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Badri Najib Zubir
Keyword(s):  
What Is Said ◽  
Gricean Maxims ◽  
Influential Theory ◽  
Qur'anic Interpretation

This article discusses the occurrence of the phenomenon of ‘departure from communicative norms’ in the Qur'an based on the insights of two eminent Qur'anic scholars: al-Jurjānī and al-Zamakhsharī. These two scholars argued that the Qur'an does contain instances where what is said defies what is normally expected in the context in which the utterance involved is produced. To them, such instances call for interpretation, and with this approach they opened up an interesting new territory in Qur'anic interpretation. This article analyses their approach and compares it to an influential theory in Western linguistic scholarship – the Gricean maxims.

Bullshitting

2018 ◽  
pp. 263-276
Author(s):  
Andreas Stokke
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Gricean Maxims ◽  
Influential Theory

This chapter provides an overview of reactions to Harry Frankfurt’s influential theory of bullshitting, addressing the four main features he ascribes to it, and considers some alternatives to Frankfurt’s account. Among others, issues raised by Thomas Carson and G. A. Cohen are examined in the discussion. A proposal to characterize bullshitting in terms of Gricean maxims is discussed, and it is argued that these views fail to capture the full range of cases. Here, works by Stokke and Don Fallis are cited. An alternative view that analyzes bullshitting in terms of the speaker’s attitudes toward the communal project of inquiry is canvassed, and the chapter ends by discussing the relation between bullshitting and lying.

The Qur'an, Faith and the Impact of the Feminist Interpretative Movement on the Arabic Text and its Legacy

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-183
Author(s):  
Hassan al-Shafīe
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Text ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intellectual Movement ◽  
Qur'anic Interpretation

The present study discusses the cultural and intellectual movement, now on the point of prevalence in the contemporary Islamic world, which adopts the Western ‘hermeneutical method’ and applies it to the Qur'an in particular, and Islamic religious texts in general. The author shows this movement's complete disregard for the established principles of tafsīr, the traditional Arab-Islamic rules of Qur'anic interpretation and the related Prophetic aḥādīth as preserved in the authenticated Sunna. The author argues that the ‘hermeneutical method’ starts from the preconceived notion that the Islamic heritage is male-centred and biased against women, both theoretically and practically, and, on this basis, proposes that the time has come for an intellectual break with this premise and the re-interpretation of the Qur'an and faith in the light of Western Christian hermeneutics. This paper proposes that this method fails to take historical events and the civilisational Islamic experience into account.

Global Justice in Lutheran Political Theology

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Carl-Henric Grenholm
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Global Justice ◽  
Political Theology ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Sharp Distinction ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Theories Of Justice ◽  
Influential Theory

The purpose of this article is to examine the contributions that might be given by Lutheran political theology to the discourse on global justice. The article offers a critical examination of three different theories of global justice within political philosophy. Contractarian theories are criticized, and a thesis is that it is plausible to argue that justice can be understood as liberation from oppression. From this perspective the article gives an analysis of an influential theory of justice within Lutheran ethics. According to this theory justice is not an equal distribution but an arrangement where the subordinate respect the authority of those in power. This theory is related to a sharp distinction between law and gospel. The main thesis of the article is that Lutheran political theology should take a different approach if it aims to give a constructive contribution to theories of justice. This means that Lutheran ethics should not be based on Creation and reason alone – it should also be based on Christology and Eschatology.

FACEBOOK SEBAGAI MEDIA BARU TAFSIR AL-QUR’AN DI INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Wildan Imaduddin Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Methodological Problem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Basic Character ◽  
Hermeneutic Approach ◽  
The Times ◽  
Qur'anic Interpretation

This article analyzes the product of Salman Harun's Qur'anic  interpretation with  Facebook  as the medium. As one of the senior professors who pursue the field of interpretation, he has managed to follow the times by utilizing internet technology. There are two focus areas in the study; the first aspect of the sense of Indonesian tafsir attached to the self of Salman Harun, the two aspects of the novelty of discourse that became the basic character of social media. Both aspects are interesting to be studied with a hermeneutic approach. Given that  the  methodological problem that often arises from the hermeneutic approach is the context of the interpreter that is difficult to trace accurately, then this article finds its relevance to the case of Salman Harun's interpretation which uses the facebook media as the actualization of its interpretation product.

UNIVERSALITAS KETAUHIDAN TUHAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-403
Author(s):  
Roudhotul Jannah
Keyword(s):  
Oral Communication ◽  
The Other ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Negotiation Strategy ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
New View ◽  
Qur'anic Interpretation

This article is about Angelika Neuwirth’s thought, dialectical of Qur’anic interpretation. She offer new view to understanding of Qur’an’s meaning. Neuwirth encourage to reunderstanding Qur’an post-canonization (a written text) with pre-canonization method (oral communication), as in Surat Al-Ikhlas. Accourding Neuwirth, Surat Al-Ikhlas responded from tradition and civilization of Arabic region earlier. An example أَحَدٌ (Q.112:1) is similiar meaning with “ehad” in Ibrani language. That’s mean usage أَحَدٌ had purpose to negotiation strategy and universality of faith. therefore Islamic religion has mission to combine all ideology of faith become unity universality. Neuwirth encourages to refer to the other holy scripture for adding comprehensive information and objective data.

Qur’anic Interpretation and the Phenomenon of Ellipsis and Brevity: A Critical Analysis (Tafsiran al-Quran dan Fenomena Ellipsis dan Breviti: Analisa Kritikal)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-429
Author(s):  
Israr Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Style ◽  
Qur'anic Interpretation

Scholars of Qur’anic Studies like al-ZarkashÊ (d.794 A.H.) and al-SuyËÏÊ (d.911 A.H.) have dealt in detail with Qur’anic ellipsis and brevity (Íadhf and ÊjÉz) in their respective works on Qur’anic Studies. Commentators of the Qur’an like al-ÙabarÊ (d.310 A.H.), al-ZamakhsharÊ (d.538 A.H.), and al-RÉzÊ (d.606 A.H.) have identified the phenomenon of ellipsis and brevity at several places in the Qur’an. Yet, this feature of the Qur’an did not get proper recognition in the methodology of Qur’anic interpretation. The Qur’an came down in the linguistic style of Arabs in general and Quraysh in particular who loved to apply ellipsis and brevity in their poetry and prose. Any poem or oration deplete with this style was not appreciated by Arabs. One of the main reasons for the Arabs’ acceptance of the Qur’an as the most effective and highly moving discourse was its brevity (ÊjÉz) due to the ellipsis (Íadhf) of details of the matter concerned. It seems then quite pertinent to interpret the Qur’an by taking into consideration, among others, phenomenon of ellipsis and brevity. One may see four kinds of ellipsis occurred in the Qur’an: (1) the background of revelation, (2) certain words, (3) complete sentence, and (4) whole paragraph. Interpretation of the Qur’an needs to be based on the identification of one kind of ellipsis or another. This exercise may facilitate the serious task of Qur’anic interpretation. This paper will identify and explain the four categories of ellipsis and brevity in the Qur’an. Keywords: Ellipsis, Brevity, the Qur’an, Interpretation, Revelation. Abstrak Para ulama al-Quran seperti al-ZarkashÊ (d.794 A.H.) dan al-SuyËÏÊ (d.911 A.H.) dalam kajian mereka telah membincangkan elipsis dan brevity  (Íadhf and ÊÉz)  dalam al-Quran. Para pengulas al-Quran seperti al-ÙabarÊ (d.310 A.H.), al-ZamakhsharÊ (d.538 A.H.), dan al-RÉzÊ (d.606 A.H.) telah mengenalpasti fenomena elipsis dan brevity di beberapa tempat dalam al-Quran. Namun tidak diberi pengiktirafan dalam metodologi penafsiran al-Quran. Al-Quran diturunkan dalam gaya linguistik Arab amnya dan Quraysh khususnya dimana mereka  mengaplikasikan konsep elipsis dan brevity dalam kebanyakan puisi dan prosa mereka. Sebarang puisi yang tidak mempunyai elipsis dan brevity adalah tidak diminati oleh orang Arab. Salah satu sebab utama orang Arab mempercayai al-Quran sebagai kitab yang paling tinggi adalah kerana brevity (ÊjÉz) yang disebabkan elipsis (Íadhf)  butiran perkara berkenaan. Jadi ia nampaknya sangat penting untuk menafsirkan al-Quran dengan fenomena elipsis dan brevity. Ada empat jenis elipis yang berlaku dalam al-Quran: (1) latar belakang wahyu, (2) perkataan tertentu, (3) ayat sepenuhnya, dan (4) perenggan. Penafsiran al-Quran perlu berasaskan pengenalan elipsis. Latihan ini boleh memudahkan kerja penafsiran yang serius terhadap al-Quran. Kajian ini akan mengenalpasti dan menjelaskan keempat-empat kategori elipsis dan brevity yang terdapat dalam al-Quran tersebut. Kata Kunci: Ellipsisi, Brevity, Quran, tafsiran, Wahyu.

Calendrical Astronomy in the Twelfth Century

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Philipp E. Nothaft
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Calendar Reform ◽  
Detailed Picture ◽  
Influential Theory ◽  
Reform Debate

This chapter employs a range of previously untapped sources to paint a detailed picture of how the so-called Renaissance of the Twelfth Century reshaped computistical literature and spawned the first blossoming of a calendar-reform debate in the Latin Christian world. Major points of discussion are the introduction of astronomical tables as instruments for analysing calendrical error, the discovery of the lunar calendars used by Muslims and Jews as potential alternatives to the Church’s own 19-year cycle, and the adoption of a new understanding of the nature of the solar year, in particular the influential theory of the ‘access and recess of the eighth sphere’ and its prediction of a variable tropical year.

Lying and Gricean Quality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Stokke
Keyword(s):  
Gricean Maxims ◽  
Maxim Of Quality

This chapter argues against accounts of lying in terms of Gricean maxims. It first considers attempts to characterize lying in terms of Grice’s First Maxim of Quality, admonishing speakers to avoid saying what they believe to be false. Even though many lies are instances of covert violations of the First Maxim of Quality, the phenomenon of bald-faced lies demonstrates that some lies overtly violate the First Maxim of Quality. In light of this, one account takes lies to be violations of the First Maxim of Quality, covert or overt. This view is seen to wrongly count ironic utterances as lies. The chapter then goes on to discuss an alternative Gricean conception of lying in terms of the Supermaxim of Quality. Yet this view is seen to wrongly count false implicatures as lies. The chapter concludes that lying cannot satisfactorily be characterized in terms of Gricean maxims.

scholarly journals The Non-saying of What Should Have Been Said

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Colonna Dahlman
Keyword(s):  
What Is Said ◽  
Conversational Implicatures ◽  
The Way

AbstractAccording to Grice’s analysis, conversational implicatures are carried by the saying of what is said (Grice 1989: 39). In this paper, it is argued that, whenever a speaker implicates a content by flouting one or several maxims, her implicature is not only carried by the act of saying what is said and the way of saying it, but also by the act of non-saying what should have been said according to what would have been normal to say in that particular context. Implicatures that arise without maxim violation are only built on the saying of what is said, while those that arise in violative contexts are carried by the saying of what is said in combination with the non-saying of what should have been said. This observation seems to justify two claims: (i) that conversational implicatures have different epistemic requirements depending on whether they arise in violative or non-violative contexts; (ii) that implicatures arising in non-violative contexts are more strongly tied to their generating assertion than those arising with maxim violation.

Beyond What is Said

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fermin Chavez-Sanchez ◽  
Gloria Adriana Mendoza Franco ◽  
Gloria Angelica Martínez de la Peña ◽  
Erick Iroel Heredia Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
What Is Said
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