Bullshitting

2018 ◽  
pp. 263-276
Author(s):  
Andreas Stokke
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Gricean Maxims ◽  
Influential Theory

This chapter provides an overview of reactions to Harry Frankfurt’s influential theory of bullshitting, addressing the four main features he ascribes to it, and considers some alternatives to Frankfurt’s account. Among others, issues raised by Thomas Carson and G. A. Cohen are examined in the discussion. A proposal to characterize bullshitting in terms of Gricean maxims is discussed, and it is argued that these views fail to capture the full range of cases. Here, works by Stokke and Don Fallis are cited. An alternative view that analyzes bullshitting in terms of the speaker’s attitudes toward the communal project of inquiry is canvassed, and the chapter ends by discussing the relation between bullshitting and lying.

Taking Culture Seriously

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda A. Morelli ◽  
Nandita Chaudhary ◽  
Alma Gottlieb ◽  
Heidi Keller ◽  
Marjorie Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Child Care ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Local People ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Western Model ◽  
The World

This chapter presents an alternative view to classic attachment theory and research, arguing for systematic, ethnographically informed, approaches to the study of child development. It begins with the observation that the attachment relationships children develop are locally determined and insists that these features of attachment can only be captured through observing, talking with, and listening to local people as they go about living their lives, including caring for children. It reviews the profound ways in which child care around the world differs from the Western model, upon which attachment theory was founded and myriad recommendations have been derived. This worldwide account perspective of child care is profusely illustrated with ethnographic examples. Network theory is then discussed: from the full range of social networks to relational ones (i.e., smaller sets of individuals to whom children may become attached). The chapter considers attachment theorists’ resistance to the idea of multiple attachments, historically and still today. Discussion closes with a summary of the implications of our theoretical rethinking and the questions that remain.

Departure from Communicative Norms in the Qur'an: Insights from al-Jurjānī and al-Zamakhsharī

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Badri Najib Zubir
Keyword(s):  
What Is Said ◽  
Gricean Maxims ◽  
Influential Theory ◽  
Qur'anic Interpretation

This article discusses the occurrence of the phenomenon of ‘departure from communicative norms’ in the Qur'an based on the insights of two eminent Qur'anic scholars: al-Jurjānī and al-Zamakhsharī. These two scholars argued that the Qur'an does contain instances where what is said defies what is normally expected in the context in which the utterance involved is produced. To them, such instances call for interpretation, and with this approach they opened up an interesting new territory in Qur'anic interpretation. This article analyses their approach and compares it to an influential theory in Western linguistic scholarship – the Gricean maxims.

Genre-dependent metonymy in Norse skaldic poetry

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Skaldic Poetry ◽  
Gricean Maxims ◽  
Cognitive Benefits ◽  
Conversational Language ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Bodies Of Water

This article describes a metonymic process which is common in skaldic verse, but rare in everyday language. This process allows one member of a category to stand for another (for example, SEA is referred to by the name of another member of BODIES OF WATER, such as `river' or `fjord'). This process has previously been called `metaphor' (cf. Fidjestøl, 1997). However, I show that the process lacks several characteristics of metaphor as defined in cognitive linguistics, including multiple mappings and the creation of target-domain inferences. I suggest that the process is more similar to metonymies such as Category for Member (cf. Radden and Kövecses, 1999), and should be called `Member for Member' metonymy. I argue that Member for Member metonymy is rare in conversational language because it fails to generate the inferences and cognitive benefits provided by most metaphors and metonymies. However, Member for Member is abundant in skaldic verse, because the aesthetic and sociolinguistic goals of this genre outweigh the considerations of clarity and efficiency imposed on conversation by the Gricean Maxims. I furthermore propose that Member for Member metonymy is a defining feature of classical skaldic poetry, and one that distinguishes this genre from later, more naturalistic styles such as hrynhent. The observation that Member for Member occurs in a specific literary genre like skaldic poetry — even though it is normally barred from conversational language — indicates that cognitive linguists must study the full range of linguistic genres in order to document the cognitive processes that underlie language use.

Time Block After Time Block

ASHA Leader ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Rudebusch ◽  
JoAnn Wiechmann
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Time Block ◽  
School Based ◽  
Schedule Activity

To offer a full range of RTI and IEP services, school-based SLPs can schedule activity blocks rather than go student by student—here's how.

The Use of Neuroplastic Principles Affects the Swallow Motor Plan of a Patient in Severe Cognitive Decline: A Case Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Ed Bice ◽  
Kristine E. Galek
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
Motor Plan ◽  
Bolus Size ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Dysphagia is common in patients with dementia. Dysphagia occurs as a result of changes in the sensory and motor function of the swallow (Easterling, 2007). It is known that the central nervous system can undergo experience-dependent plasticity, even in those individuals with dementia (Park & Bischof, 2013). The purpose of this study was to explore whether or not the use of neuroplastic principles would improve the swallow motor plan and produce positive outcomes of a patient in severe cognitive decline. The disordered swallow motor plan was manipulated by focusing on a neuroplastic principles of frequency (repetition), velocity of movement (speed of presentation), reversibility (Use it or Lose it), specificity and adaptation, intensity (bolus size), and salience (Crary & Carnaby-Mann, 2008). After five therapeutic sessions, the patient progressed from holding solids in her mouth with decreased swallow initiation to independently consuming a regular diet with full range of liquids with no oral retention and no verbal cues.

Further Validity of the Japanese Version of the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI-J)

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Oshio ◽  
Shingo Abe ◽  
Pino Cutrone ◽  
Samuel D. Gosling
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
English Language ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Big Five Personality

The Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI; Gosling, Rentfrow, & Swann, 2003 ) is a widely used very brief measure of the Big Five personality dimensions. Oshio, Abe, and Cutrone (2012) have developed a Japanese version of the TIPI (TIPI-J), which demonstrated acceptable levels of reliability and validity. Until now, all studies examining the validity of the TIPI-J have been conducted in the Japanese language; this reliance on a single language raises concerns about the instrument’s content validity because the instrument could demonstrate reliability (e.g., retest) and some forms of validity (e.g., convergent) but still not capture the full range of the dimensions as originally conceptualized in English. Therefore, to test the content validity of the Japanese TIPI with respect to the original Big Five formulation, we examine the convergence between scores on the TIPI-J and scores on the English-language Big Five Inventory (i.e., the BFI-E), an instrument specifically designed to optimize Big Five content coverage. Two-hundred and twenty-eight Japanese undergraduate students, who were all learning English, completed the two instruments. The results of correlation analyses and structural equation modeling demonstrate the theorized congruence between the TIPI-J and the BFI-E, supporting the content validity of the TIPI-J.

Global Justice in Lutheran Political Theology

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Carl-Henric Grenholm
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Global Justice ◽  
Political Theology ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Sharp Distinction ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Theories Of Justice ◽  
Influential Theory

The purpose of this article is to examine the contributions that might be given by Lutheran political theology to the discourse on global justice. The article offers a critical examination of three different theories of global justice within political philosophy. Contractarian theories are criticized, and a thesis is that it is plausible to argue that justice can be understood as liberation from oppression. From this perspective the article gives an analysis of an influential theory of justice within Lutheran ethics. According to this theory justice is not an equal distribution but an arrangement where the subordinate respect the authority of those in power. This theory is related to a sharp distinction between law and gospel. The main thesis of the article is that Lutheran political theology should take a different approach if it aims to give a constructive contribution to theories of justice. This means that Lutheran ethics should not be based on Creation and reason alone – it should also be based on Christology and Eschatology.

Body and Desire

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael A. Cadenhead
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gregory Of Nyssa ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ethical Discourse ◽  
Sex And Sexuality ◽  
Diachronic Analysis

Although the reception of the Eastern father Gregory of Nyssa has varied over the centuries, the past few decades have witnessed a profound awakening of interest in his thought, particularly in relation to the contentious issues of gender, sex, and sexuality. The Body and Desire sets out to retrieve the full range of Gregory’s thinking on the challenges of the ascetic life through a diachronic analysis of his oeuvre. Exploring his understanding of the importance of bodily and spiritual maturation in the practices of contemplation and virtue, Raphael Cadenhead recovers the vital relevance of this vision of transformation for contemporary ethical discourse.

Numerical Simulation of Tire Sliding Events Involving Impacts with Holes and Bumps

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nakajima ◽  
J. Padovan
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Simulation ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Arbitrary Geometry ◽  
Operating Environments ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Simulation Scheme

Abstract This paper extends the finite element simulation scheme to handle the problem of tires undergoing sliding (skidding) impact into obstructions. Since the inertial characteristics are handled by the algorithm developed, the full range of operating environments can be accommodated. This includes the treatment of impacts with holes and bumps of arbitrary geometry.

Methodological bases and practice of risk management of regional development (part 1)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-126
Author(s):  
Valery V. Karpov ◽  
Anna G. Breusova ◽  
Anna A. Korableva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Strategic Risk ◽  
Risk Committee ◽  
State Programs

The article is devoted to the theoretical foundations and analysis of the experience of subjects of the Russian Federation in the field of regional development risk management. The article examines the concept of risk, its difference and relationship with the concepts of uncertainty, threat, danger, security and others. It is determined that dangers are constantly present in the regional economy. And risk, as a measurable uncertainty with multiple outcomes, for which the probability of occurrence of a risk event is calculated, is manifested as a result of the occurrence of a hazard. When comparing the concepts of risk and security, this means that the security of the regional economy is manifested in the ability to resist threats and manage risks, and not in the complete absence of dangers. It is revealed that ISO standards distinguish between the concepts of risk management and risk management. For further discussion, risk management is understood as a systematic approach to using the full range of mechanisms available to public authorities to reduce emerging risks and threats to the socio-economic development of the region. Further, the analysis of risk management in the practice of regional management on the example of the Omsk, Novosibirsk and Tyumen regions is carried out. The relevant tools in the activities of government bodies, such as territorial development strategies, state programs and projects, were identified, which allowed us to introduce a classification of risks with the allocation of strategic, tactical risks of territorial development and project management risks, among which there is a strategic level. The analysis of the implemented tools for compliance with the mandatory stages of risk management showed mainly the absence of risk identification, unified requirements for risk accounting and systematic risk management of regional development. Among the assessed regions, the Tyumen region has the best practices in terms of risk management. For a more detailed analysis authors highlighted the key institutional and instrumental elements of risk management such as risk committee, strategic risk map, risk register, action plan for risk management, and defined logical relationships between them.

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