Antibiotic-associated diarrhea in hospital: frequency and prophylaxis

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
Yu. P. Uspenskiy ◽  
N. V. Baryshnikova
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea ◽  
Stool Analysis ◽  
B Test ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microflora

The aim. To analyze the prevalence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) caused by Clostridium difficile in a hospital setting.Materials and methods. 93 patients with 3 or more episodes of unformed stool (diarrhea) for two consecutive days or more, developed after the use of antibiotics, were monitored. All patients underwent rapid stool analysis for the presence of Clostridium difficile A and B toxins using the X/pert C. diff toxin A/B test.Results. Toxins A and/or B of Clostridium difficile were detected in 32 patients (34.4 %). The remaining patients (n = 61; 65.6 %) had idiopathic AAD. The most of the patients who were found to have Clostridium difficile toxins in the feces were in the infarction department, cardiology intensive care and trauma departments, i. e. they had severe diseases associated with reduced immunity and inactivity.Conclusions. The prevalence of AAD caused by Clostridium difficile in hospital settings is high. It is recommended to prescribe drugs for the correction of disorders of the gastrointestinal microflora from the first day of antibiotic therapy, since this will significantly reduce the prevalence of clinical manifestation of diarrhea associated with Clostridium difficile.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for diarrhea associated with Clostridium difficile in patients at a clinical hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Y N Yarushina ◽  
G B Kolotova ◽  
V A Rudnov ◽  
V A Bagin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Clinical Hospital ◽  
Comorbidity Index ◽  
Autonomous Institution ◽  
Therapeutic Profile

Aim: to identify risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection in patients of a therapeutic clinic in a multidisciplinary hospital. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 110 case histories of patients who were hospitalized in therapeutic departments in the Municipal Autonomous Institution “City Clinical Hospital No. 40” in Yekaterinburg (MAU City Clinical Hospital No. 40) in 2014-2015 was conducted, in which antibiotic therapy has developed diarrhea. According to the results of the study of coprofiltrate on Clostridium difficile (CD), patients were divided into 2 groups: 60 patients with a positive result and 50 patients with a negative result. Results. The proportion of patients with CD infection in the structure of patients of the therapeutic profile of the MAU GKB No.40 for 2014-2015 amounted to 0.42%. Predictors of the risk of developing diarrhea associated with CD infection in patients are: age over 65 years (OS 4.33, 95% CI 1.15-16.20, p=0.028), Charlson comorbidity index more than 2 points (OS 3.05, 95% CI 1.29-7.23, p=0.016), the presence of anemia (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.07-5.02, p=0.048), chronic dialysis in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRF) (OR 8.64, 95% CI 1.05-70.81, p=0.020), patients staying in hospital for more than 5 days (OR 3.50, 95% CI 1.57-7.75, p=0.003) and hospitalization of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) lasting more than 1 day (OS 9.80, 95% CI 1.20-79.47, p=0.011), the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.12-7.11, p=0.041), antibiotic therapy more than 10 days (OS 39.62, 95% CI 10.85-144.71, p

Evaluation of the performance of C. DIFF QUIK CHEK COMPLETE and its usefulness in a hospital setting with a high prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hae-Sun Chung ◽  
Miae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
High Prevalence

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is crucial for patient care, infection control, and efficient surveillance. We evaluated C. DIFF QUIK CHEK COMPLETE (QCC; TechLab), which detects glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) antigen (QCC-Ag) and toxin A/B (QCC-Tox) simultaneously, and compared it to the laboratory diagnostics for CDI currently in use in a tertiary hospital setting with a high prevalence of CDI. QCC, RIDASCREEN C. difficile toxin A/B assay (Toxin EIA; R-Biopharm AG), chromID C. difficile agar (bioMérieux) culture (ChromID culture), and Xpert C. difficile PCR assay (Xpert PCR; Cepheid) were performed according to the manufacturers' instructions. Performances of the assays were compared against that of Xpert PCR as a reference. Of the 231 loose stool specimens, 83 (35.9%) were positive by Xpert PCR. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 97.6%, 93.9%, 90.0%, and 98.6%, respectively, for QCC-Ag and 55.4%, 100%, 100%, and 80.0%, respectively, for QCC-Tox. The median threshold cycle values of the QCC-Tox(+) specimens were lower than those of the QCC-Tox(−) specimens. Results of QCC as an initial screening test were confirmed in 81.0% (187/231) of samples; these specimens did not require further testing. QCC is a rapid, easy, and cost-effective method that would be a useful first-line screening assay for laboratory diagnosis of CDI in a tertiary hospital with a high prevalence of CDI. A two-step algorithm using QCC as an initial screening tool, followed by Xpert PCR as a confirmatory test, is a practical and cost-effective approach.

scholarly journals Feasibility of a Lactobacillus casei Drink in the Intensive Care Unit for Prevention of Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea and Clostridium difficile

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Alberda ◽  
Sam Marcushamer ◽  
Tayne Hewer ◽  
Nicole Journault ◽  
Demetrios Kutsogiannis
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea

scholarly journals Detection of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B from Antibiotic- Associated Diarrhea and Colitis in Iraqi children, by ELISA Test

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Luma Yousif Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Toxin ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Toxin A ◽  
Stool Samples

     This study focuses on diagnosis of Clostridium difficile causing Antibiotic – Associated diarrhea and colitis by Elisa method and to detect of C. difficile Toxin A and B in stool samples by Elisa test. Two hundred forty (240) stool samples were collected from children suffering from antibiotic- associated diarrhea and Colitis cases at ages from after birth to 15 years old from Baghdad hospitals. Samples were taken during the period of first of June 2013 until the end of April 2014. In addition to that 80 samples from healthy children of the same age and sex as a control group. Clostridium difficile Toxin A and B in stool samples were detected. Results of this study indicated that females were more infected than males. Overall positivity was 21.25% in present studied group compared to controls (P<0.05). In conclusion, the majority percent from age <1year 15% and this percent decreased with the advance in age.

scholarly journals Managing Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea With Pseudomembranous Colitis: A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
Kandla Sharma ◽  
Ankit Mangla
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Adverse Event ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Pseudomembranous Colitis ◽  
Faecal Examination ◽  
Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea ◽  
Oral Metronidazole

Antiobiotic associated diarrhea is a usual adverse event during antibiotic therapy. We present the case of a 32-year-old female diagnosed with diarrhea induced by antibiotics. After eradication of Helicobacter pylori by using antibiotics, she presented with hemorrhagic stools. The faecal examination was positive for, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) although no toxins were detectable. Vancomycin was initiated for the C. difficile infection but the condition worsened due to treatment non-compliance. Finally oral metronidazole was prescribed. Stool abnormality improved and faecal test became negative after metronidazole treatment.

scholarly journals Clonal dissemination of a toxin-A-negative/toxin-B-positive Clostridium difficile strain from patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea in Poland

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 442-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Pituch ◽  
N. van den Braak ◽  
W. van Leeuwen ◽  
A. van Belkum ◽  
G. Martirosian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea
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