scholarly journals One sociological approach to some classic themes of English Political Economy

2018 ◽  
pp. 005-083
Keyword(s):  
Invisible Hand ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The North ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
Political Relationships ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theory Of Value

Abstract.-The paper seeks to raise awareness of the sheer expansive force of capitalism, a social fact that has completely transformed Western societies in the last 600 years. Although the text draws on the simplest and most sound categories of Marx’s labour theory of value, its focus is to show the power and political relationships that take place within enterprises –a new servitude. Our analytical method, as well as its empirical validation, builds on Durkheim’s concept of ‘reaction of punishment’. The paper also explores the historical and structural relations between the advanced sociability of our middle classes and their government by representative assemblies elected by them. For this purpose, we draw on the history of English parliamentarianism, from its social origins in the Normand invasion (1066), to its historical eclosion in the North American democracy (1787). Our interpretation is sociological, seeking the meaning of those exceptional historical transformations, and finding it –paradoxically-in the contrast between the ideal types of Community and Association established by German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies. The text also analyses how individualism is originated in capitalist competition, and finishes by pointing out from where(within the social structure) such ideology is propagated as the only one that should shape our behaviour. Keywords:surplus value.-invisible hand.-English exceptionalism.-Ferdinand Tönnies.-empirical measurement.-Spencer-Brown Una aproximación sociológica a algunos temas clásicos de La Economía Política Inglesa Resumen.-El texto pretende hacernos conscientes de la tremenda fuerza expansiva del capitalismo, un hecho social que ha transformado por completo a las sociedades occidentales en los últimos 600 años. Utiliza las categorías más sencillas y consolidadas de la teoría del valor-trabajo de Marx, pero su objetivo es mostrar a las relaciones que tienen lugar en el interior de las empresas como relaciones de poder, como relaciones políticas, una nueva servidumbre. Para ello el método de análisis que aplicamos es muy próximo al concepto de ‘reacción penal’ de Durkheim - incluso en la propuesta que hacemos para su validación empírica. El estudio se pregunta además por las relaciones históricas y estructurales entre la sociabilidad avanzada de nuestras clases medias y su gobierno por asambleas representativas, que ellas mismas eligen. Para ello recurrimos a la historia del parlamentarismo inglés, desde sus lejanos orígenes sociales, que encontramos en la Invasión Normanda de la isla (1066), hasta su cabal eclosión histórica en la democracia norteamericana (1787). Pero nuestra interpretación es sociológica, busca el sentido de esas transformaciones históricas excepcionales, y lo halla (paradójicamente) en el contraste entre los tipos-ideales de Comunidad y Asociación establecidos en su día por el sociólogo alemán Ferdinand Tönnies.A lo largo del texto analizamos también cómose origina el individualismo en la competición capitalista, y finaliza señalando desde dónde (en el interior de la estructura social) se propaga dicha ideología, como la única considerada de recibo para orientar nuestro comportamiento. Palabras clave:plusvalía.-mano invisible.-excepcionalismo inglés.-F. Tönnies.-medición empírica.-Spencer-Brown

scholarly journals Social Changes on Basisombow in The Community of Kampar Riau Regency

Catharsis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Osmawinda Putri ◽  
Hartono Hartono ◽  
Udi Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The North ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Inspection Process

Basisombow is a literature that develops in the North Kampar of Kampar District. In antiquity Basisombow was used for traditional event, wedding, and circumcision event. The research aims to describe and analyze the social change of Basisombow in the community of Kampar Riau Regency. This study used qualitative research, with a sociological approach. Observation technology, interviews and documentation are used as instruments of the research in collecting the data. The data analysis procedures used data reduction, data presentation and data verification. The validity of the data in this study used Triangulation source that was performed for the inspection process by examining data from multiple sources. The results of the study that Basisombow experienced social change as follows: 1). Changes on Kampar community structure; 2). new findings and other cultural contacts; 3). Differences of opinion amongst generations. In particular, the findings in social change are influenced by 2 (two) factors such as; external and internal factors which are related to the social environment of the Kampar community.

scholarly journals Una luna velata sul ‘Tetto del Mondo’

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Pedrini
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Genealogical Tree ◽  
Mountain Communities ◽  
The North ◽  
Mountain Agriculture ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Cultures

Afghanistan is an ancient land, rich in traditions and cultures having their roots in the millennial history of this country. Situated along the ancient caravan routes of Central Asia, by its caravanserais and markets it has represented an important point for exchange, communication and cultural interaction between the East and the West. Afghanistan is partly linked to the complex genealogical tree of Central Asia, full of intricate branches; one of those branches, at its eastern extremity, is knotted with the ‘Roof of the World’ (Bam-e Dunya): the vast orographic area of Pamir bordering on Tajikistan, Pakistan and China. This Afghan border territory (Wakhan Woluswali) includes different ecological areas: from the high-altitude valleys to the pastures in the plateaus, as far as the highest mountains of Pamir. Wakhan is populated particularly by Wakhi and, in its easternmost part, by Kyrgyz people. The Wakhi follow a subsistence strategy based on mountain agriculture combined with pasturage; they are Ismaili Nizaris and they speak a language (khik-zik, khik-wor) belonging to the north-eastern branch of the Iranian languages. Identity and religious cultures significantly influence the social life of those small mountain communities cut off on the ‘Roof of the World’.

The Two Faces of Debt

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Stefan Nygård
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
The North ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global North

This introductory chapter surveys the notoriously ambivalent concept of debt. It connects different approaches to debt in social theory and anthropology to the book’s focus on how past debts are mobilised in political debates in the present, and how the ‘North’ has been portrayed as indebted to the ‘South’ for its development, and vice versa. Both questions are framed by the way in which understandings of debt tend to gravitate towards reciprocity or domination. In view of its fundamental ambiguity, debt thus underpins both social cohesion and fragmentation. While it has the capacity to sustain social relations by joining together the two parties of a debt relation, it also contains the risk of deteriorating into domination and bargaining. A tension between debt as the glue of social bonds and debt as hierarchy consequently runs through the social history of the concept. Applied to regional and global North-South relations, discussions on debt have often centred on the question of retribution, involving difficult disputes over possible ways of settling debts in the present for injustices incurred in the past.

scholarly journals Skomorokhi: The Russian Minstrel-Entertainers

Slavic Review ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Zguta
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early History ◽  
The North ◽  
Formative Stage ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Russian Theater

Numerous sources, both secular and ecclesiastical, attest to the widespread popularity in Kievan Rus' and Muscovite Russia of the professional minstrelentertainers known as skomorokhi. To the folklorist these curious jacks-of all- trades, reminiscent of the French jongleurs and German Spielmänner, have become identified primarily with the singing, composing, and eventual transmission to the peasants of the north of heroic tales and historical songs (byliny and istoricheskie pesni). To the sociocultural historian the skomorokhi represent both a preliminary or formative stage in the evolution of the Russian theater and an important chapter in the early history of secular music in Russia. But whether one views them through the eyes of the folklorist or the historian there is little doubt that these veselye liudi or veselye molodtsy, as they were sometimes referred to, played an important role in the social and cultural life of the Eastern Slavs from the eleventh through the seventeenth century.

Sull'inseparabilitŕ delle strutture sintattiche nell'analisi classica del valore e della distribuzione

2009 ◽  
pp. 5-46
Author(s):  
Duccio Cavalieri
Keyword(s):  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of Economic Thought ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theory Of Value ◽  
Analytical Separation ◽  
Present World ◽  
Theory Of Production ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The paper deals with a fundamental issue in the history of economic thought: the alleged separability in the classical analysis of distinct and sequential logical stages. It will be recalled that the contested idea of an analytical separation of the theory of value (relative prices), the theory of production (relative quantities) and the theory of the social distribution of income was initially advanced by Ricardo, in his lost Papers on the Profits of Capital and in his Essay on Profits, but later abandoned, in the third edition of the Principles. It was then reproposed by J.S. Mill, Jevons, Sraffa and Garegnani, and opposed by Malthus, Marshall and Walras. Today a separability thesis cannot be maintained, as it presupposes the existence of a given physical vector of the real wage, a circumstance which is not satisfied in the present world.

scholarly journals Landscape development and settlement history of the Vecht area (722–1122)

2015 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L.P. Buitelaar ◽  
Guus J. Borger
Keyword(s):  
River Rhine ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Area North ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Broad Outline ◽  
Lower Rhine

AbstractBased on historical evidence a description in broad outline is provided of landscape and settlement development in the Vecht area north of Utrecht for the period 722–1122 AD. Although the fluvial activity of the Vecht channel was reduced from about 2300 BP onwards, the river retained its economic importance as a shipping route in Early Medieval times according to the appearance of mintage and the spread of tollhouses. In the 8th century the Vecht still was seen as a river and as a branch of the Rhine. At that time the Vecht river discharged into a stretch of water that was named Almeer and was characterised as stagnant. The Almeer is regarded as the successor of Lake Flevo, mentioned by classical authors. Since this body of water is indicated asstagnum, it is unlikely that the water level in the southern part of the Almeer was affected by the Vlie tidal inlet in the north at that time. At the end of the 10th century the Almeer already had substantial dimensions. The building of dikes on the southern forelands of the Zuiderzee and the IJ-Lake started at least about 1200 AD. At the beginning of the timeline, settlement was limited to the natural levees of the river Vecht and its distributaries. The reclamation of the vast peatlands on both sides of the river started around the middle of the 11th century. The opening up of new areas for agriculture and settlement was accompanied by a transformation of the social fabric. In association with the pattern of land division historical information is used to indicate some of the changes that occurred in the Vecht area during that period. The drive to further intensify land use resulted in 1122 AD in the decision to build a dike on the northern bank of the Lower Rhine, since the Vecht is a blind arm of the river Rhine.

scholarly journals Social and Political Values in Iwan Fals’s Song Collections_bayu

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mochamad Bayu Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Text Book ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Indirect Observation ◽  
Political Value

This study aims to describe the social and political values in Iwan Fals’s song collections by using sociological approach. This research is library research. In this study concerned with the social and political values from the whole collection of Iwan Fals’s songs. The techniques which are used in this study are indirect observation and analysis techniques. Based on the analysis of data collection, researchers discovered that Iwan Fals’s song collections contain socio-political values. This study also analyzed the lyrical impact of Iwan Fals’s song collections. Based on the objective of the study stated above, this study used descriptive qualitative design. The data are the discourses which consist of paragraphs, dialogues, statements from the author directly or indirectly. It can be used textual analysis techniques to examine the data in the text book. The analysis is started from the several steps of the data reviewing, classification, description and interpretation. Based on the results of this study, it shows that the facts of social and political value and lyrical impact in the history of society in Iwan Fals’s song collections

scholarly journals Emotions and Valuations: Notre-Dame de Paris on Fire as a Case Study for Axiological Sociology

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-83
Author(s):  
Nathalie Heinich
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pragmatic Sociology ◽  
Sociology Of Valuation ◽  
Pragmatic Turn ◽  
The Relationship

The emotional reactions aroused by the fire that partly destroyed Notre-Dame de Paris in April 2019 can be analyzed as “valuations” in the light of the pragmatic sociology of values, since they provide empirically grounded material allowing for the description and modeling of the actual implementations and effects of valuations. After a quick summary of the recent history of the pragmatic turn in sociology as related to the sociology of valuation, and a short reflection on the relationship between emotions and values, the fire of Notre-Dame de Paris is used as a case study in the light of “axiological sociology”, a model built on value judgments observed in various contexts, including the display of emotions. This article intends to demonstrate both empirically and theoretically how important it is for the social sciences to consider values as an autonomous issue, deserving to be treated as “axiological facts”, as any other kind of social fact.

Confessionalization and Clan Cohesion: Ireland’s Contribution to Scottish Catholic Renewal in the Seventeenth Century

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R. Spurlock
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

The story of the relationship between Ulster and Scotland during the seventeenth century has long been dominated by the flow of people and ideas from Scotland to the north of Ireland. This, however, belies the prominent role that Ireland had in the social and cultural history of the Western Isles and Highlands of Scotland during that century. This paper argues that of even greater importance to the resurgence of Catholicism in the Scottish Gaidhealtachd than a Rome driven Counter-Reformation were the financial support and personnel provided by Ulster Catholics. In the face of aggressive Stuart policies, Catholicism was rejuvenated and became an ideological justification for asserting traditional rights in the face of government sanctioned, Protestant blessed, incursions in the Western Isles. Moreover, in the face of historiography that has argued for the continual disintegration of ClanDonald throughout the seventeenth century, this article explores the ways the clans and their neighbours inspired, funded and facilitated the revival of Catholicism in the Gaidhealtachd.

Material Considerations

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 35-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Pietz
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Object A ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Moral Intent

If Harr emphasizes that things become social objects only within particular storylines, Pietz makes the reverse point about the essential materiality of social relationships, especially contractual ones, e.g. as expressed in the legal history of the `material consideration'. Departing from a similar conception of the performative micro-reproduction of social order and the communicative objectification of social facts, he argues that a theory of forensic objects as social facts disrupts not only capitalist presumptions about economic objects as the sole origin of monetary value but also enlightenment conceptions of society as a sphere of consequential human action distinct from nature as the sphere of material causality. The material consideration is one such forensic object. A `material consideration' refers to an obscure but important social object that embodies the power to transform subjective promises into objective obligations and thereby establishes the social fact of legal liability. The failed attempt of liberal philosophers and jurists since the eighteenth century to conceive considerations as mere symbolic evidence of subjective moral intent rather as real enactments of social power demonstrates how difficult it is for modern social theory to articulate the idea of social materiality found in social facts such as considerations, at least as long as it sustains a strict separation between society and nature or between the intentional action of humans and the physical causality of material objects.

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