scholarly journals A Pivotal Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Non-Host Resistance Mechanisms in Legume and Cereal Plants to the Incompatible Pathogens

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Yaser M. Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Pathogen Combinations

Most of plants under normal conditions are resistant to most of the incompatible pathogens (viral, fungal and bacterial infections). This is called ״non-host resistance (NHR) phenomenon״. Till now it is not clear the non-host resistance mechanisms.  As a result of inoculation of legume (pea and soybean) and cereal (barley and wheat) plants with compatible and incompatible pathogens, strong resistance symptoms were observed in the non-host/incompatible pathogen combinations as compared with host/compatible pathogen combinations which showed severe infection (susceptibility). Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2.-) were significantly increased early 6, 12, 24 and 36 hours after inoculation (hai) in the non-host plants as compared with host plants. Interestingly enough that the activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and peroxidase (POX) were not significantly increased at the same early time 6 - 36 hai in the non-host plants. However, these enzymes were significantly increased later on 48, 72 and 96 dai in the non-host plants as compared with host plants. It seems that early accumulation of H2O2 and O2.- could have a dual roles, first role is inhibiting or killing the pathogens early in the non-host plants, second immunization of the non-host plants by stimulating the activities of the antioxidant enzymes later on which thereby, neutralize the harmful effect of ROS and consequently suppressing disease symptoms. The author recommends giving more attention to these new mechanisms of non-host resistance particularly in relation to ROS levels and antioxidant activities which are very important for plant breeders and useful for finding alternative control strategies as well.

scholarly journals How to express the antioxidant properties of substances properly?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Olszowy-Tomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Good Tool

AbstractOxidative stress, associated with an imbalance between the oxidants (reactive oxygen species) and the antioxidants in the body, contributes to the development of many diseases. The body’s fight against reactive oxygen species is supported by antioxidants. Nowadays, there are too many analytical methods, but there is no one universal technique for assessing antioxidant properties. Moreover, the applied different ways of expressing the results lead to their incompatibility and unreasonable interpretation. The paper is a literature review concerning the most frequent ways of antioxidant activities expression and for an easy and universal method of the obtained results discussion. This paper is an attempt to point out their disadvantages and advantages. The manuscript can support the searching interpretation of the obtained results which will be a good tool for the development of a number of fields, especially medicine what can help in the future detection and treatment of many serious diseases. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Antioxidant, α-Glucosidases and α-Amylase Inhibitory Activities of Persicaria odorata

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanya Thongra-ar ◽  
Piyanuch Rojsanga ◽  
Savita Chewchinda ◽  
Supachoke Mangmool ◽  
Pongtip Sithisarn
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
Hek 293 Cells ◽  
293 Cells ◽  
Ic50 Values

The objects of this study were to determine the effects to reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes levels in HEK-293 cells and inhibition of α-glucosidases and α-amylase enzymes of extracts from Persicaria odorata or phak phaeo. The ethanol extracts from the leaves and the stems of phak phaeo were investigated for their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities (IC50 were 7.74 ± 0.47 and 7.91 ± 0.43 µg/mL, respectively). Cellular antioxidant effects in human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK-293) cells with these extracts (0.1 mg/mL) also increased the mRNA expressions of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1), catalase and glutathione reductase (GRe). The leaf extract showed the higher efficacies in the induction of the mRNA expressions of Mn-SOD, GPx-1 and GRe while the stem extract exhibited a stronger effect to the induction of catalase. Phak phaeo in vitro inhibitory effects to α-glucosidase enzyme (IC50 values of 9.82 ± 1.64 and 13.99 ± 1.45 µg/mL, respectively and also strong inhibition to α-amylase with IC50 values of 90.66 ± 8.75 and 19.96 ± 5.37 µg/mL, respectively). Lineweaver-Burk plot demonstrated that phak phaeo extracts inhibited α-glucosidase and α- amylase in non-competitive manners. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride methods (the leaf and stem extracts were 22.89 ± 9.16 and 22.27 ± 8.77 g gallic acid equivalent in 100 g extract (g% GAE) and 7.20 ± 3.61 and 4.06 ± 1.73 g quercetin equivalent in 100 g extract (g% QE), respectively). Keywords: Antioxidant enzymes, DPPH, HEK-293, MTT assay, Persicaria odorata, Reactive oxygen species, Total phenolic, Total flavonoid, α-glucosidases, α-amylase

scholarly journals Influence of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Used in Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment on the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes and the Concentration of Glutathione in THP-1 Macrophages under Fluoride-Induced Oxidative Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Goschorska ◽  
Izabela Gutowska ◽  
Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka ◽  
Katarzyna Piotrowska ◽  
Emilia Metryka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ache Inhibitors

It has been reported that donepezil and rivastigmine, the acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitors commonly used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), do not only inhibit AChE but also have antioxidant properties. As oxidative stress is involved in AD pathogenesis, in our study we attempted to examine the influence of donepezil and rivastigmine on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione concentration in macrophages—an important source of reactive oxygen species and crucial for oxidative stress progression. The macrophages were exposed to sodium fluoride induced oxidative stress. The antioxidant enzymes activity and concentration of glutathione were measured spectrophotometrically. The generation of reactive oxygen species was visualized by confocal microscopy. The results of our study showed that donepezil and rivastigmine had a stimulating effect on catalase activity. However, when exposed to fluoride-induced oxidative stress, the drugs reduced the activity of some antioxidant enzymes (Cat, SOD, GR). These observations suggest that the fluoride-induced oxidative stress may suppress the antioxidant action of AChE inhibitors. Our results may have significance in the clinical practice of treatment of AD and other dementia diseases.

Antioxidant enzymes and reactive oxygen species level of the Achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteria during hydrocarbons biotransformation

2018 ◽  
Vol 200 (7) ◽  
pp. 1057-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Sazykin ◽  
M. A. Sazykina ◽  
L. E. Khmelevtsova ◽  
E. Yu. Seliverstova ◽  
K. Sh. Karchava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Level ◽  
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans ◽  
Oxygen Species
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