CHINA'S WATER LAW: FEATURES OF FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING

The system of water law in China is built differently than in many countries of the world. It emerged from a planned economic system, a traditional society in which agriculture was the majority, and a rapid stage of industrialization and urbanization. It has its own characteristics. Proceeding from the premise of compliance with the fundamental system of the socialist market economy, the main characteristics of the reform and construction of the water law system in China are: compliance with the system of state ownership of state and collective water resources, and the introduction of a management system based on government leadership, full control, priority and regional coordination. Through gradual reforms, such as pilot projects, the marketization process will be accelerated and the market mechanism will be used to optimize the allocation of water resources. The purpose of the work. By analyzing the water legislation of China, to study the characteristics, the direction of the reform of water law and the ways of building the water law system of China. Methods. Empirical research methods, search and analysis of information from mass media, analysis and comparison of data, comparison and generalization were used in the work. Results. Through the study of the water law system in China, it was possible to identify the main direction of water law reform, which corresponds to the general trend of water law reform in the world, which is that the government assumes a leading role and fully uses the role of the market economy in optimizing the allocation of resources.

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El quinto suyo, peruanos en el extranjero, manifestación demográfica de la globalización

Revista de Investigaciones Altoandinas - Journal of High Andean Research ◽

10.18271/ria.2015.153 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 487

Author(s):

Jose Escobedo Rivera

Keyword(s):

Market Economy ◽

Host Country ◽

Internal Migration ◽

Living Conditions ◽

Industrialized Countries ◽

Demographic Dividend ◽

Population Movements ◽

The World ◽

The Government ◽

The One

RESUMEN En una época como la que vivimos, de la globalización, los desplazamientos poblacionales a nivel internacional se han potenciado. La mayoría de ellos se concentran en pocos países industrializados. Muchas personas han dejado sus hogares para buscar en otras latitudes mejores condiciones de vida, empleo e ingreso. Aunque no existen estadísticas exactas sobre el número de peruanos viviendo fuera del país, se sabe oficialmente que la migración al extranjero es alta y en los últimos años se ha incrementado notablemente. Según proyecciones hechas sobre las tendencias de emigración de peruanos, se tiene que ésta presenta una tendencia a continuar por la carencia de empleos y/o los sueldos bajos, producto de un modelo neoliberal hegemónico en el mundo que al privilegiar la economía de mercado no tiene en cuenta la población. En el Perú, de la migración interna hemos pasado a la externa. Entre los objetivos que nos hemos trazado para el presente estudio tenemos: a) Determinar la estructura de la población peruana y su potencial a partir del denominado bono demográfico, b) Conocer el volumen de migrantes peruanos y su distribución por países en el extranjero, y c) Proponer al Estado dar apoyo y seguimiento a la población que ha migrado al extranjero, teniendo en consideración que la población que ha migrado no constituye ningún peligro al país de acogida. THE FIFTH SUYO. PERUVIAN PEOPLE ABOARD, A DEMOGRAPHIC DEMONSTRATION OF GLOBALIZATION ABSTRACT At a time like the one we live in, globalization, population movements worldwide have been strengthened. Most of them are concentrated in a few industrialized countries. Many people have left their homes to seek elsewhere better living conditions, employment and income. Although there are no exact statistics on the number of Peruvians living abroad, it is officially known that the migration abroad is high and in recent years has increased significantly. According to projections made on trends in migration of Peruvians, they present a tendency to continue by lack of jobs and/or low wages as a result of a hegemonic neoliberal model in the world, which favors the market economy and doesn’t have into account with the population. In Peru, internal migration has moved to the outside. The objectives we have set for this study are: a) determine the structure of the Peruvian population and its potential from the so-called demographic dividend, b) know the volume of Peruvian migrants and their distribution by countries abroad, c) propose to the government the supporting and monitoring of the population who has migrated abroad, taking into consideration that the population who has migrated not constitute any danger to the host country.

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How Did Poverty Reduction in China Contribute to the World? Viewing from the Implementation of the UN MDGs and SDGs

Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies ◽

10.1142/s2345748119400074 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 07 (01) ◽

pp. 1940007

Author(s):

Liangliang GAO ◽

Cuiping MA ◽

Junxia ZENG ◽

Bin WANG ◽

Yue LI

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

United Nations ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Market Mechanism ◽

Development Cooperation ◽

Chinese Government ◽

The World ◽

Development Goals ◽

The United Nations ◽

The Government

Countries all over the world are highly concerned about poverty. Both the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations set ending poverty and hunger as their top priority. Whether in its own modernization drive or in the implementation of the United Nations’ MDGs and SDGs, the Chinese Government has always attached great importance to poverty issues, and actively explored measures to reduce poverty. This paper is designed to use relevant statistics to sum up China’s achievements and experience in implementing the MDGs so as to provide a policy basis for poverty reduction in China and beyond. This paper discovers that China’s achievements in poverty reduction involve four aspects: Eliminating hunger ahead of schedule, improving people’s nutritional status, enhancing food security and laying a solid foundation for sustainable agricultural development; China’s experience in poverty reduction includes the following: the government had paid high attention; economic development had served as the key to solve all problems; the development had been guided by planning and guaranteed by policies and regulations; the market mechanism had played its due role; emphasis had been placed on the pilot projects and step-by-step promotion strategy, as well as on development cooperation and experience exchanges. The Chinese Government had formulated specific plans to achieve the poverty reduction targets set in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Besides, the Rural Revitalization Strategy proposed by the Chinese Government in 2017 has become the essential strategy to solve the poverty-related issues in China’s development.

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PENERAPAN PRINSIP-PRINSIP UNIDROIT DAN KONVENSI INTERNASIONAL TERHADAP PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM KONTRAK INDONESIA

LITIGASI ◽

10.23969/litigasi.v15i1.74 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

An An Chandrawulan

Keyword(s):

International Trade ◽

Contract Law ◽

Civil Code ◽

Law Reform ◽

Legal Certainty ◽

International Convention ◽

Legal Principles ◽

Business Transactions ◽

The World ◽

The Government

The development of business transaction require a new national contract law. Correspondingly, the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts and the International Convention on the sale of Goods (UNCITRAL CISG 1980) sets out principles contained in it may be adopted into a new national contract laws in the future. This research aims to examine in depth the urgency of contract law reform in Indonesia either through adjustment to the development of practice or through a complete overhaulof the Indonesian National Contract Law contained in Book III of the Civil Code (BW) by adopting principles of contract law that is universally applicable in the world. The Result of this research indicate that contract law contained in Book III of the Civil Code has be enunable to meet the demands of the business transactions today. Because it does not explicitly specifying the principles espoused by the international contract law as listed in the UNIDROIT Principles, therefore the new contract law apply the principles contained the provisions of the UNIDROIT Principles for International Commercial Contracts. So setting the forth coming contract to accommodate the interests of society, especially the government, businesses both domestically and internationally so that we will be a player in this era of globalization. Application of the principles of the CISG is based on the CERD and the general legal principles that apply in various countries around the world can be adopted into law the new Indonesian contract, so Indonesian contract law which will come to accommodate the interests and provide protection and legal certainty to the entrepreneurs, especially in the field of international trade. Keywords : Law Reform; Contract; UNIDROIT; CISGABSTRAKAdanya perkembangan transaksi bisnis memerlukan suatu perangkat hukum kontrak nasional yang baru. Sejalan dengan itu, Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contract dan Konvensi Jual Beli Internasional (UNCITRAL CISG 1980) memuat prinsip-prinsip yang dapat diadopsi ke dalam hukum kontrak nasional yang baru nanti. Penelitian ini bertujuan menelaah secara mendalam urgensi pembaharuan hukum kontrak di Indonesia, apakah melalui penyesuaian terhadap perkembangan praktik yang sudah ada ataukah melalui perombakan total Hukum Perjanjian Nasional Indonesia yang terdapat dalam Buku III KUHPerdata (BW) dengan mengadopsi prinsip-prinsip hukum kontrak yang berlaku universal di dunia. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian hukum kontrak yang termuat dalam Buku III KUHPerdata sudah tidak dapat memenuhi tuntutan perkembangan transaksi bisnis saat ini, karena tidak secara eksplisit mencatumkan prinsip-prinsip yang dianut oleh hukum kontrak internasional seperti yang tercantum dalam UNIDROIT Principles. Oleh karena itu seyogyianya dalam pembaharuan hukum kontrak diterapkan prinsip-prinsip yang terdapat dalam ketentuan UNIDROIT Principle for Internasional Commercial Contract. Penerapan prinsip-prinsip dalam CISG yang didasari oleh CERD dan prinsip-prinsip hukum umum yang berlaku diberbagai negara di belahan dunia dapat diadopsi kedalam hukum kontrak Indonesia baru, sehingga hukum kontrak Indonesia yang akan datang dapat mengakomodir kepentingan dan memberikan perlindungan serta kepastian hukum kepada para pelaku usaha khususnya yang bergerak di bidang perdagangan internasional. Kata Kunci : Pembaharuan Hukum; Kontrak; UNIDROIT; CISG

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Untimely Thoughts on the Public Market

The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy ◽

10.5840/wcp20-paideia199814285 ◽

1998 ◽

pp. 7-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

William W. Clohesy

Keyword(s):

Public Discourse ◽

Social Institution ◽

Market Mechanism ◽

The Public ◽

Public Market ◽

The World ◽

Public Happiness ◽

Voter Choice ◽

The Government

The marketplace as an institution enjoys widespread popularity today. Many economists hold that most of society’s problems could be best solved by applying the market mechanism to them. Government, by contrast, is widely considered to be a problem rather than a solution. Some would like to see the government restructured along market lines so that policies would follow voter choice, as products follow that of consumers. Some, myself included, believe that a world in which all relationships are rendered matters of private choice would lack the "public happiness" that comes from participation in public discourse and concerted action. In this paper I address what it would mean for the market to be truly public. A market that is truly public will discourage speculative investment so that managers of various firms can concentrate on the long term good of creating a social institution through which the concerted efforts of various stakeholders are coordinated. In this way, stakeholders can enrich the world through their work.

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Adjustment Problems

Post-Soviet Social ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691148304.003.0006 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Stephen J. Collier

Keyword(s):

Market Economy ◽

Structural Adjustment ◽

Large Scale ◽

Spatial Development ◽

Market Mechanism ◽

Sociotechnical Systems ◽

Window Of Opportunity ◽

Adjustment Problems ◽

Industrial Enterprises ◽

The Government

This chapter studies structural adjustment, the reform paradigm that took up the basic proposals established in “Window of Opportunity”—a vision of transition to a market economy through “shock” liberalization, privatization, and stabilization, backed by largescale foreign aid. By the middle of the 1990s, elements of structural adjustment were achieved, including large-scale privatization of industrial enterprises and liberalization of most prices. However, growth remained frustratingly elusive for reformers, and they increasingly turned their attention to inflexibilities created by sociotechnical systems such as infrastructures and the government budget that were not easily reorganized through a market mechanism. The problem was still one of structural adjustment—that is, one of correcting the distortions created by the Soviet patterns of urban and spatial development.

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Study on Environmental Protection Marketization in China

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3996 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 726-731 ◽

pp. 3996-3999

Author(s):

Bo Xiang ◽

Jian Hua Shi

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Environmental Protection ◽

Market Economy ◽

Environmental Problems ◽

Market Mechanism ◽

Environment Protection ◽

Protection Measures ◽

Socialist Market Economy ◽

The Government ◽

Socialist Market

The increasingly serious environmental problems have become a threat to human society’s sustainable development, and the efficiency of the government to manage the environment is decreasing as well as its abilities is falling short of its desires. Therefore, it will be a trend to change environmental protection measures depend too much on the government and to introduce market mechanism and allocate environmental resources by laws of market for environment protection to develop further under socialist market economy.

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Most-Favored Nation Treatment in Trade Under Central Planning

Slavic Review ◽

10.2307/2494904 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 25-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Edward A. Hewett

Keyword(s):

Market Economy ◽

Central Planning ◽

The Other ◽

Economic Systems ◽

Most Favored Nation ◽

Total Trade ◽

Market Economies ◽

The World ◽

The Government

All economic systems have ways in which they determine how much their total trade with the world will be, what commodities will make up that total, and the destinations and sources of those commodities (the geographic composition of exports and imports). In Western economies, which rely heavily on markets, the values of these variables summarize the outcome of a myriad of private decisions, with some influence of governments primarily through tariffs and quotas. In Eastern economies, which rely heavily on central planning, the government itself through its planners directly determines the value of those same variables.The concept of Most-Favored Nation (MFN) treatment evolved as a mechanism by which governments in market economies could agree mutually to limit interference in private decisions on trade, with the expected consequence being an increase in trade and welfare. When two market economy governments agree to accord MFN treatment to each other's commodities, it means (in its simplest form) that tariffs applied in each country to commodities imported from the other country shall be no higher than the lowest tariffs charged on imports of those commodities from any destination.

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Feasibility analysis of water resources market transaction of water diversion project based on evolutionary game

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2021.423 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mengkai Liu ◽

Acai Yan

Keyword(s):

Project Management ◽

Water Resources ◽

Evolutionary Game ◽

Source Area ◽

Water Source ◽

Market Mechanism ◽

Water Diversion ◽

Water Price ◽

Water Diversion Project ◽

The Government

Abstract Water diversion project realize the change of water right ownership by diverting water resources, but most of the water diversion projects are dominated by the government in the operation stage, which can't realize complete market-oriented transaction of resources. In this study, the water source area, project management department and users involved in water resources trading of water diversion project are regarded as stakeholders, and an evolutionary game model is established to analyze the feasibility and restrictive conditions of the free trading of water resources in the water diversion project. The research results show that the three parties can realize the balance and stability of interests (water source area supplies good water, project management department supplies sufficient water, users take water according to the supply), which means that the feasibility of water market transactions. Meanwhile, it also gives clear restrictions on the water price of three parties transaction, project management department buys water price is less than on the premise of lower than + , sells water price is not higher than The free trading of water resources in the water diversion project under the market mechanism is of great significance for clarifying the water rights and reducing the financial pressure of the government.

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Current Situation of Corruption Offenses and Measures for Improvement of Anti-Corruption Effectiveness in Vietnam’s Economy

10.31219/osf.io/h5ge6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

AISDL

Keyword(s):

Market Economy ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Positive Change ◽

Current Situation ◽

High Ranking ◽

The World ◽

General Officers ◽

The Government

Along with the promulgation of 2008 Law on Anti-Corruption, thanking to the comprehensive solutions anddeterminations of the whole governmental apparatus, there are signals of a positive change in the fight againstcorruption in Vietnam’s market economy. However, compared to other countries around the world, thecorruption in Vietnam is still a national problem. The number of corruption cases may decline, but the scaleand severity has been increasing. Many cases has involved high-ranking officials in the government withmore than 20 general officers in the armed forces to be sentenced. On the basis of analysing the currentsituation of corruption in recent years, the author hereby recommends some synchronous solutions to improvethe effectiveness of anti-corruption.

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Situation of State Management of Private Enterprises in the Market Economy in Vietnam

Business and Management Horizons ◽

10.5296/bmh.v8i2.17944 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Pham Van Hieu

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Market Economy ◽

The State ◽

Competitive Environment ◽

Private Enterprises ◽

Enterprise Development ◽

State Management ◽

Management Measures ◽

The World ◽

The Government

Private enterprises play an important role in the economic development of many countries in the world, including Vietnam. In particular, the state management of private enterprises in Vietnam plays an important role in the development of private enterprises in three aspects: promoting private enterprise development; ensure a fair and healthy competitive environment; state manages private enterprises according to the market principle. The state management of private enterprises in Vietnam is of special interest to the Government, which is reflected in the policies, laws, institutions, and support for the development of private enterprises. Analysis of the state management of private enterprises in the market economy in Vietnam helps assess the effectiveness of management measures while pointing out the limitations that need to be overcome so that the state management in this field will be more effective.

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