scholarly journals Preliminary Study: Application of Spot-mapping Technique for Estimating the Size of Oriental Magpie Robin Cospychus saularis (Aves: Muscicapidae) Territories in Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. a1-6
Author(s):  
KATHLEEN MICHELLE LUKING ◽  
DENCY FLENNY GAWIN ◽  
JESSIE MENTIE
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Territory Size ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Minimum Convex Polygon ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Breeding Territory ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Study Application ◽  
Spot Mapping

Breeding territoriality plays a role in determining the reproduction outcome of many passerines species. The spot-mapping was used to estimate the breeding territory size of a territorial male of Oriental Magpie robin (Cospychus saularis) at Dahlia College, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak which is located within Kota Samarahan. It was conducted by mapping the song perching locations established by a marked male. The breeding territory size of the male was estimated to be 0.78 hectares. The data analysis was done using Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) which was constructed by using Google Earth Pro software. Study on breeding territory size of this bird species is crucial to understand more regarding the breeding behaviour of this species. Data on the behavior of this species could be used for future studies of this bird in Borneo.

Is dispersal distance of birds proportional to territory size?

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Error ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Natal Dispersal ◽  
Territory Size ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Breeding Territory ◽  
Proportional Relationship

Recent research has demonstrated that dispersal distance and the square root of home-range size covary proportionately across mammal species. I tested whether these findings could be generalized to another taxon. Breeding territories of some bird species are analogous to mammalian home ranges, so I tested whether dispersal distance and territory size in these birds covaried and were proportional. Variables were log10-transformed before analysis. When considered independently of body mass, median natal dispersal distance and breeding territory size were positively related (F[1,29] = 8.91, R2 = 0.23, P = 0.005). Median dispersal distance was proportionally related to the square root of territory size by a multiple of 12. This relationship was especially strong for non-migrants (F[1,15] = 49.84, R2 = 0.77, P = 3.87 × 10–6). Maximum natal dispersal distance and breeding territory size also covaried when body size effects were removed, but this relationship was only significant when migrants were removed from the sample (F[1,24] = 5.66, R2 = 0.19, P = 0.025). Maximum dispersal distance did not have a proportional relationship with territory size. This could result from sampling error or from real processes (e.g., relatively shorter dispersals by birds with large territories). The proportional relationship between median dispersal distance and territory size can be used as a cross-species scaling rule.

scholarly journals Territory Size in Mixed-grass Prairie Songbirds

2011 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Territory Size ◽  
North Central ◽  
Mixed Grass Prairie ◽  
Breeding Territory ◽  
Anthus Spragueii ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Central Montana

I estimated breeding territory size in mixed-grass prairie songbirds, and explored how it varied among bird species, time-of-season, and year. The study was conducted at Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge in north-central Montana during 2007-2009. Across all species, months and years, mean breeding territory size was estimated at 0.43 ha (SE = 0.03, n = 129). Estimates were nearly identical across study species: Sprague's Pipits (Anthus spragueii), Grasshopper (Ammodramus savannarum), and Baird's (A. bairdii) sparrows. There was no significant variation in territory size across months, suggesting little to no dependence on nest phase. In contrast, I found significant variation in territory size among years (P = 0.034), that did not interact meaningfully with species (R2 = 0.02, P = 0.603). This suggests that factors that vary annually appear to be affecting all bird species in a similar manner, which could be related to differences in vegetation structure and/or site quality (perhaps as a function of weather) or less likely, variation in population density.

The Microtomographic Evaluation of Marginal Bone Resorption of Immediately Loaded Scalloped Design Implant With Various Microthread Configurations in Canine Mandible: Pilot Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Seok Park ◽  
Seung-Pyo Lee ◽  
Chong-Hyun Han ◽  
Joo Hyun Kwon ◽  
Young-Chul Jung
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Marginal Bone Loss ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Type 3

Abstract This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of microthread geometry of scalloped design implant on marginal bone resorption. Four types of scalloped design titanium implant specimens were prepared. The type 1 implant had a machined scalloped collar, type 2 had a sandblasted and acid-etched scalloped collar, type 3 had horizontal microthreads, and type 4 had parabolic microthreads, which are parallel with the scalloped conical margin. Two implants of a type were randomly installed immediately after extraction in the mandible of a beagle dog. Definitive prostheses were delivered immediately after surgery. After 12 weeks of healing, the dog was sacrificed and microtomography was performed. Type 4 specimens showed a marginal bone loss pattern definitively analogous to the scalloped margin. In this preliminary study, microthread geometry affected the marginal bone resorption pattern of scalloped design implants. However, additional specimens and more controlled conditions should be applied in future studies to confirm these results.

The Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita in Morocco since 1900: Analysis of ecological requirements

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRE SCHENKER ◽  
FABIAN CAHENZLI ◽  
KARL G. GUTBROD ◽  
MICHEL THEVENOT ◽  
ANDREAS ERHARDT
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Earth Satellite ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Geronticus Eremita

SummaryThe Northern Bald Ibis (NBI) Geronticus eremita, is an ‘Endangered’ bird species of which only very few wild breeding colonies have survived along the Atlantic coast of south-west Morocco. This paper analyses ecological conditions of the 72 breeding sites of the NBI that have been known since 1900 in Morocco. Characterisation of breeding sites is based on physical criteria (elevation above sea level, geomorphology, mean annual precipitation and types of landscape) as well as land use, vegetation cover, infrastructure and types of settlement within three perimeters (0–1 km, > 1–5 km and > 5–10(20) km) using Google Earth satellite images. Statistical analyses of the number of breeding pairs, fledglings and rainfall during different quarters of the year from 1994 to 2016 in the two remaining breeding sites in Souss-Massa National Park and Tamri showed expected patterns as well as unexpected differences between the two localities. Based on our findings and indications in the literature, we suggest general and specific recommendations for potential future translocation projects of the NBI. Based on the analysis of the 28 breeding colonies existing after 1977, two elements emerge as the most important prerequisites: a low level of disturbances at the breeding sites and adequate feeding areas at a reasonable distance of 5–15 km.

scholarly journals A preliminary study on machine learning and google earth engine for mangrove mapping

2020 ◽  
Vol 500 ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kamal ◽  
Nur Mohammad Farda ◽  
Ilham Jamaluddin ◽  
Artha Parela ◽  
Ketut Wikantika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Google Earth Engine

scholarly journals Antiplasmodial Activity of Gnetum gnemon Leaves and Compounds Isolated from them

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801301
Author(s):  
Partha P Dutta ◽  
Manobjyoti Bordoloi ◽  
Sonali Roy ◽  
Bardwi Narzary ◽  
Kabita Gogoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Gnetum Gnemon ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
First Time

Gnetum gnemon L. (Gnetaceae) is used traditionally for treating malaria related fever by indigenous people of North East India. In our preliminary study, the ethanol extract of G. gnemon leaves showed promising antiplamodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine sensitive (3D7) strain in vitro with an IC50 value of 29.4 μg/mL. Therefore, it was further investigated, and by following a bioassay guided approach, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl icosanoate (1), oleic acid (2) and ursolic acid (3) were isolated for the first time from this plant. Compound 3 showed highest antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values of 4.0 and 6.0 μg/mL against chloroquine sensitive (3D7) and resistant (Dd2) strains of P. falciparum, respectively. The antiplasmodial activity of 1 (IC50 9.5 and 11.4 μg/mL) and 2 (IC50 17.6 and 21.1 μg/mL) was moderate. The isolated constituents showed low cytotoxicity against rat skeletal muscle (L6) and human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. This is the first report on the antimalarial potential of G. gnemon and the isolated compounds may be responsible for its activity. The findings of the study are in line with the ethnopharmacological claim and can be possible leads for future studies.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study Application Clustering System in Acoustic Emission Monitoring

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 02027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Amira Afiza Saiful Bahari ◽  
Shahiron Shahidan ◽  
Siti Radziah Abdullah ◽  
Noorwirdawati Ali
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Acoustic Emission Monitoring ◽  
Emission Monitoring ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Study Application

scholarly journals Bird-termite interactions in Brazil: A review with perspectives for future studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Ferreira de Vasconcelos ◽  
Diego Hoffmann ◽  
Mércia Caroline de Araújo ◽  
Prinscila Neves Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Nest Site ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Termite Mounds ◽  
Animal Groups ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Courtship Displays

We present a review on the principal interactions between birds and termites in Brazil. We found 218 bird species feeding on termites or using termitaria for nesting or perching. Termites were mentioned as food source for 179 bird species. Alates were the most consumed caste. Termitaria were mentioned as nest site for 45 bird species. Some bird species also perch on the top of termite mounds to search for their prey or to conduct territorial and/or courtship displays. Considering all interactions between both animal groups, little is known about the identification of termite genera or species. Therefore, we suggest more detailed studies to be conducted on the natural history and ecology of interactions between birds and termites in Brazil.

scholarly journals Dynamic Electrode-to-Image (DETI) mapping reveals the human brain’s spatiotemporal code of visual information

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. e1009456
Author(s):  
Bruce C. Hansen ◽  
Michelle R. Greene ◽  
David J. Field
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Visual Code ◽  
Neural Signals ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
High Level ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

A number of neuroimaging techniques have been employed to understand how visual information is transformed along the visual pathway. Although each technique has spatial and temporal limitations, they can each provide important insights into the visual code. While the BOLD signal of fMRI can be quite informative, the visual code is not static and this can be obscured by fMRI’s poor temporal resolution. In this study, we leveraged the high temporal resolution of EEG to develop an encoding technique based on the distribution of responses generated by a population of real-world scenes. This approach maps neural signals to each pixel within a given image and reveals location-specific transformations of the visual code, providing a spatiotemporal signature for the image at each electrode. Our analyses of the mapping results revealed that scenes undergo a series of nonuniform transformations that prioritize different spatial frequencies at different regions of scenes over time. This mapping technique offers a potential avenue for future studies to explore how dynamic feedforward and recurrent processes inform and refine high-level representations of our visual world.

Cultural Differences in Tourism Web Communication: A Preliminary Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangwon Park ◽  
Yvette Reisinger
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Chinese Sample ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Us ◽  
Web Communication ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Practical Implications

This article analyzes cultural differences in web communication in the tourism context. the conceptual framework presenting cultural differences in the three types of web communication is developed. the specific hypotheses are tested on the US American and Chinese sample. Although the findings support the developed framework they also reveal nonsignificant differences between the groups. theoretical and practical implications of the findings are identified and recommendations for future studies are made.

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