scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP OF THE FORMATION OF OROGENS AND SEDIMENTARY BASINS OF ASIA IN THE MESOZOIC-CENOZOIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Mikhail M. Buslov ◽  
Anna V. Kulikova
Keyword(s):  
North China ◽  
Sedimentary Basin ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Asian Continent ◽  
Active Margin ◽  
Mountain Systems ◽  
Orogenic Belts ◽  
Relationship Of

The stages of the formation of mountain systems (orogens) and sedimentary basins of Asia are highlighted and an analogy is given. The stages are manifested in the Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Cenozoic as a result of collisions to the southern active margin of the Asian continent, respectively, of the Quingtang, North China, and Indian continental blocks, which led to the formation of large intracontinental orogenic belts that are the source of sedimentary basin demolition.

scholarly journals Estimating the Geothermal Electricity Generation Potential of Sedimentary Basins Using genGEO (The Generalizable GEOthermal Techno-Economic Simulator)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Adams ◽  
Jonathan Ogland-Hand ◽  
Jeffrey M. Bielicki ◽  
Philipp Schädle ◽  
Martin Saar
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Sedimentary Basin ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Geothermal Power ◽  
Economic Tools

<p><b>Abstract</b></p><p>Sedimentary basins are ubiquitous, naturally porous and permeable, and the geothermal heat in these basins can be extracted with geologic water or CO<sub>2</sub> and used to generate electricity. Despite this, the broad potential that these formations may have for electricity generation is unknown. Here we investigate this potential, which required the creation of the <u>gen</u>eralizable <u>GEO</u>thermal techno-economic simulator (genGEO). genGEO is built with only publicly available data and uses five standalone, but integrated, models that directly simulate all components of geothermal power plants to estimate electricity generation and cost. As a result of this structure, genGEO, or a portion of it, can be applied or extended to study any geothermal power technology. In contrast, the current techno-economic tools for geothermal power plants rely on characterizations of unpublished ASPEN results and are thus not generalizable enough to be applied to sedimentary basin geothermal power plants which use subsurface CO<sub>2</sub>.</p> <p>In this study, we present genGEO as open-source software, validate it with industry data, and compare its estimates to other geothermal techno-economic tools. We then apply genGEO to sedimentary basin geothermal resources and find that using CO<sub>2</sub> as a subsurface heat extraction fluid compared to water decreases the cost of geothermal electricity across most geologic conditions that are representative of sedimentary basins. Using genGEO results and p50 geologic data, we produce supply curves for sedimentary basin geothermal power plants in the U.S., which suggests that there is present-day potential to profitably increase the capacity of geothermal power by ~10% using water as the subsurface heat extraction fluid. More capacity is available at lower cost when CO<sub>2</sub> is used as the subsurface fluid, but realizing this capacity requires geologically storing between ~2 and ~7 MtCO<sub>2</sub>/MW<sub>e</sub>. But developing sedimentary basin resources in the short-term using subsurface water may not eliminate options for CO₂-based power plants in the long-term because the least-cost order of sedimentary basins is not the same for both CO<sub>2</sub> and water. With sufficient geologic CO<sub>2</sub> storage, developing sedimentary basins using CO<sub>2</sub>- and water-based power plants may be able to proceed in parallel.</p>

scholarly journals Realistic modelling of observed seismic motion in compIex sedimentary basins

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fah ◽  
G. F. Panza
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Sedimentary Basin ◽  
Numerical Technique ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Space Distribution ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Macroseismic Data ◽  
Resonance Effects ◽  
Local Soil

Three applications of a numerical technique are illustrated to model realistically the seismic ground motion for complex two-dimensional structures. First we consider a sedimentary basin in the Friuli region, and we model strong motion records from an aftershock of the 1976 earthquake. Then we simulate the ground motion caused in Rome by the 1915, Fucino (Italy) earthquake, and we compare our modelling with the damage distribution observed in the town. Finally we deal with the interpretation of ground motion recorded in Mexico City, as a consequence of earthquakes in the Mexican subduction zone. The synthetic signals explain the major characteristics (relative amplitudes, spectral amplification, frequency content) of the considered seismograms, and the space distribution of the available macroseismic data. For the sedimentary basin in the Friuli area, parametric studies demonstrate the relevant sensitivity of the computed ground motion to small changes in the subsurface topography of the sedimentary basin, and in the velocity and quality factor of the sediments. The relative Arias Intensity, determined from our numerical simulation in Rome, is in very good agreoment with the distribution of damage observed during the Fucino earthquake. For epicentral distances in the range 50 km-100 km, the source location and not only the local soil conditions control the local effects. For Mexico City, the observed ground motion can be explained as resonance effects and as excitation of local surface waves, and the theoretical and the observed maximum spectral amplifications are very similar. In general, our numerical simulations estimate the maximum and average spectral amplification for specific sites, i.e. they are a very powerful tool for accurate micro-zonation

Contrasting fold styles in a volcano-sedimentary succession

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1193-1200
Author(s):  
Pierre A. Cousineau ◽  
Robert Marquis
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Basin ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Basaltic Rocks ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Sedimentary Succession

Structural analyses of folded volcano-sedimentary basins rely heavily on the identification and use of way-up structures. These structures are more numerous and widespread in sedimentary rocks than in volcanic rocks. Structural models for such basins can therefore be biased by this fact. The Caldwell Group of the Quebec Appalachians is a folded volcano-sedimentary basin bounded bay major faults. It contains locally abundant basalt-rich bands. Near Lac-Etchemin, way-up in basalt flows is determined by pillow shelves that reflect paleohorizontal planes. The strike and dip of these shelf structures were measured and plotted on stereographic projections. Field evidence and the interpretation of stereographic projections indicate that the basalt-rich bands form open folds that plunge gently to the southwest. However, sandstone-rich bands form tight folds with undulating hinge lines (sheath-like). During initial folding, the basalt formed competent bands with limited aerial extent that were fractured by synthetic and antithetic faults rather than folded. The basalt slivers maintained a near-horizontal attitude while adjacent sedimentary rocks were folded and faulted. Further shortening tightened folds in the sediment-rich bands while producing open folds in slivers of basaltic rocks.

scholarly journals Permian Triassic geologic evolution in the southern Kitakami Belt, Japan

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 155-155
Author(s):  
Kotaro Kamada
Keyword(s):  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Sedimentary Basin ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Passive Margin ◽  
Middle Permian ◽  
Asian Continent ◽  
Transform Faults ◽  
Magmatic Arc ◽  
The Japan Sea

Before opening of the Japan Sea, the Japanese islands were attached to the eastern margin of the Asian continent. The Southern Kitakami Belt is regarded as a micro-continent in an accretional complex of the islands, that accreted before the Early Cretaceous. But its tectonic setting and location between the belt and the Asian continent is still an unresolved argument.Permo-Triassic sequences in the Southern Kitakami Belt are composed of shallow to off-shore deposits. These deposits are composed of clastics, carbonates with volcaniclastics. But there was no volcanic activity in the belt in the Middle to Late Permian. From the viewpoint of the sedimentary character and history, the Middle Permian to Middle Triassic sequences differ from their previous and their following successions in the belt. And the sedimentary basin of Middle Permian to Middle Triassic was bounded by transform faults. Magmatic arc was replaced by passive margin as hinterland of the Southern Kitakami Belt during the Middle Permian to Middle Triassic. It means that the sedimentary basin moved from the margin of Yangtze Platform to Sino-Korean Platform at that time.

DEEP STRATIGRAPHIC CORE-DRILLING AS AN AID TO PETROLEUM EXPLORATION

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
R. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Current Maximum ◽  
Drilling Cost ◽  
Exploratory Wells ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Representative Material

The Queensland Department of Mines has undertaken stratigraphic drilling to assist petroleum exploration since 1965. The primary purpose was to obtain core for palynological and petrological study, in order to facilitate correlation of strata met in deep exploratory wells with the type sections of outcrop.To the end of October, 1970, 61 bores have been completed for a total of 50,473 feet (15,394 metres), an average depth of 827 feet (252 metres).Average drilling cost ranged from about $5 per foot at shallow depths to about $15 per foot towards the current maximum capacity of 4,000 feet (1,220 metres), total cost was of the order of $400,000.All holes were fully cored from about 50 feet (about 15 metres) to total depth. With minor exceptions, all drilling has been with NX equipment, giving a core approximately 1.7 inches (4.3 centimetres) in diameter. The core barrel is 10 feet (3 metres) long; it is recovered by the wireline method. On completion, most holes have been logged electrically and radiometrically (spontaneous potential, single-point resistivity and gamma-ray).Drilling lias been undertaken in sediments of the Surat, Bowen, Moreton and Ipswich Basins, and the Esk Rift. In the Surat Basin, complete sections of the Jurassic have been obtained on both the western and eastern flanks, and the Cretaceous has been sampled completely near the middle of the basin; in addition, the Injune Creek Group (Jurassic) is being investigated in some detail. In the Bowen Basin, representative material has been obtained from the Triassic units (Rewan, Clematis and Moolayember); the Permian on the eastern flank has been sampled completely in a Departmental coal-exploration project. In the Moreton Basin, a series of regional lines was drilled, partly in order to establish the relationship of the Bundamba Group to the Jurassic of the Surat Basin.One hole was drilled in the Ipswich Basin, to sample the upper part of the Triassic succession there.The program has been especially effective in providing material for palynological studies, both descriptive and stratigraphic, particularly in sandstone units. By this means, several important stratigraphic problems were resolved. For example, the type Wandoan Formation of Union-Kern-A.O.G. Wandoan 1 well was shown to be equivalent in age to the lower and middle Clematis Sandstone of outcrop, whereas the so-called Wandoan elsewhere in the basin was shown to be equivalent to the uppermost Clematis and lower Moolayember Formation of outcrop. Again, the drilling has confirmed the lithological correlation of the Precipice Sandstone of the Surat Basin with the Helidon Sandstone of the Moreton Basin, and the Evergreen Formation and Hutton Sandstone (which overlie the Precipice) with the Marburg Sandstone (which overlies the Helidon); the remarkably persistent oolite marker in the Evergreen and Marburg has been shown to be of essentially the same age throughout.Extension of the project widely through the sedimentary basins of Queensland is warranted.Proposed work for 1971 includes drilling of the Permian on the western flank of the Bowen Basin, and of the Tertiary in the Hillsborough Basin.

APPLICATION OF SEMI-AUTOMATED AND INTERACTIVE MAGNETIC INTERPRETATION TECHNIQUES IN PETROLEUM EXPLORATION

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Robert J. Whiteley ◽  
Barry F. Long ◽  
David A. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Basin ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Magnetic Anomalies ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Magnetic Method ◽  
Magnetic Interpretation ◽  
Geological Information ◽  
Detailed Interpretation ◽  
Insight Into

The magnetic method is used at many stages of a modern petroleum exploration program. Effective interpretation techniques are required to extract maximum geological information from magnetic data. Those techniques which provide the greatest flexibility and make full use of the talents of experienced interpreters are generally of a semi-automated and interactive nature.There are several practical methods for semi-automated quantitative magnetic interpretation in sedimentary basins. Initial interpretation can be achieved by automatic calculation of characteristic anomaly parameters continuously along original or processed magnetic data profiles. Detailed interpretation of more subtle magnetic features can then follow by theoretical anomaly comparison with field anomalies using interactive portfolio modelling or by direct computation.Examples of the use of these semi-automated techniques in the interpretation of basement and intra-sedimentary magnetic anomalies show that combined magnetic and seismic interpretations can provide considerable insight into the structural processes which have operated in a sedimentary basin.

scholarly journals Structure of the Sediment and Crust in the Northeast North China Craton from Improved Sequential H-k Stacking Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 682-696
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Jinli Huang
Keyword(s):  
North China Craton ◽  
North China ◽  
Poisson Ratio ◽  
Receiver Function ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
The North ◽  
Receiver Function Method

Abstract H-k stacking method is a standard receiver-function method to detect crustal thickness. But this method can not be applied in low-velocity sedimentary basins. To solve this problem, we propose an improved sequential H-k stacking method. The improved method needs two sequential stacks. Firstly, sediment structure is calculated using converted waves and multiples on the bottom boundary of sediments. Secondly, the sedimentary results are applied to calculate the crustal structure. Theoretical calculations and “recovery tests” indicate that the improved method can obtain accurate estimates in sedimentary basins. With the teleseismic data of North China Craton, the structure of sediments is thick in the depression and thin in the uplifted area, which is consistent with Deep Seismic Sounding results. The crust to the west of the North-South Gravity Lineament is relatively thick and has a low average Poisson ratio, whereas the east is relatively thin and has a high average Poisson ratio. This result and the structural feature from data regression imply that the eastern crust of the North China Craton has experienced wide extension, which reflect the crustal response to the severe destruction and deformation in that area compared to the western crust.

Some Chemical Characteristics of Anorthositic Suites and their Significance

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Emslie
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Association ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Data ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
High K ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Orogenic Belts ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Spirited discussion continues about the nature of the relationship of rocks of anorthositic composition to intermediate and silicic rocks comprising so-called mangerites, charnockites, adamellites, etc. Because of close spatial association, all of these rocks may be considered to constitute an 'anorthosite suite' without prejudgement as to genetic implications.About 700 rock analyses, largely from the literature but supplemented by previously unpublished analyses from the Michikamau and Morin intrusions have been used to examine some of the chemical characteristics of the anorthosite suites. The suites are commonly high in iron relative to magnesium and alkalies, high in alumina, and have high K2O/SiO2 ratios over a wide range of SiO2 concentrations. The chemical data together with the physical characteristics of the anorthosite suites are interpreted to mean that the magmas are orogenically generated but emplaced on the flanks of orogenic belts in 'anorogenic' environments. Rapakivi granitic suites are chemically similar to the silicic members of the anorthosite suites.

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