KINERJA MODEL PERKERASAN JALAN DENGAN BLOK PENGAKU

One of the factors causing the cracking of rigid pavement surfaces for roadways is the occurrence of tensile stresses due to vehicle wheel loads that exceed the tensile stresses of the concrete, if not handled immediately will affect the service life of pavement construction.This research is conducted to get alternative solution from pavement construction problem, that is damage before end of service period. One of the efforts that can be done is to make a model of pavement construction that can reduce the tensile stress on the underside of the concrete plate by adding a stiffening block on the underside of the concrete plate for road pavement. The results of this study are expected to be one form of innovation from rigid pavement construction that can be applied in Indonesia. On the basis of this then the researchers took the title "Performance Pavement Pavement Construction Model with the Confession Block".The purpose of this research is to know the effect of the addition of the stiffening block on the pavement construction model with the stiffening block, compared to the pavement model without the stiffening block, in terms of the number of load repetitions and the cracking patterns occurring on the surface of the concrete plate.Pursuant to result of research with experimental method on pavement model with size of width 50 cm, length 50 cm and thickness 3 cm. Data obtained that the performance of pavement model with the stiffening block, able to reduce crack width by 41.82%. Maximum load repetition on pavement model with Type I block 31.33% higher than the maximum load repetition on pavement model without stiff block (Type II). The damage patterns that occur in Type I pavement models, beginning with cracks in the corners, followed by cracking in the middle until the plate is split. For the Type II pavement model, the crack occurs at an angle, and immediately splits.Keywords: rigid pavement, loop load, surface crack, compressive strength

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DETERMINATION OF CROSS SECTIONS FOR GRAVITY TYPE QUAY WALLS

Coastal Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.9753/icce.v35.structures.5 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Tugce Yuksel ◽

Yalcin Yuksel ◽

Busra Basaran ◽

Esin Cevik

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Vertical Wall ◽

Block Size ◽

Seismic Loading ◽

Block Type ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Seismic Loadings ◽

Port Structures

Block type quay walls are widely used as port structures in the world. In this study three types of vertical block type quay walls with different block size exposed to seismic loading were investigated experimentally. The block ratios of Type I, Type II and III vertical wall models are B/h=2, 1.5 and 1.5 & H/h=6, 6 and 3, respectively. The tests were conducted in the shaking tank with different harmonic seismic loadings and the behaviors of these walls were investigated comparatively.

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Durability vs technical - the usage properties of road pavements

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20184500082 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 00082 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Izabela Skrzypczak ◽

Wojciech Radwański ◽

Tomasz Pytlowany

Keyword(s):

Flexible Pavements ◽

Concrete Pavements ◽

Rigid Pavement ◽

Balanced Development ◽

Road Pavement ◽

Comparative Review ◽

New Material ◽

Pavement Construction ◽

Technical Solutions ◽

Permanent Increase

Contemporary trends in development and new material and technical solutions for road pavement should consider the permanent increase in the growth of traffic as well as aspects of environmental protection and balanced development. Nowadays, attempts are made towards estimation of the appropriate thickness for pavement construction already in the phase of its design. Flexible pavements are preferred over rigid concrete roads because of their certain advantages, such as they can be strengthened and improved in stages with the growth of traffic. Flexible pavements are less expensive in regards to their initial cost and maintenance. Concrete pavements are nowadays becoming more popular. The largest advantage for using rigid pavement is its durability and ability to hold its shape against traffic and difficult environmental conditions. Although concrete pavement is less expensive, it requires less maintenance and has a good design life. The main objective of this study is to present a comparative review on the suitability of pavement depending on various parameters such as material, loading, longer life, cost effectiveness etc.

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Fibronectin-independent adhesion of fibroblasts to extracellular matrix material: partial characterization of the matrix components

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.63.1.287 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 287-301

Author(s):

P.A. Harper ◽

P. Brown ◽

R.L. Juliano

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Matrix Material ◽

Block Type ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Matrix Component ◽

Tyrosine Residues ◽

The Matrix ◽

Dependent Type

Fibroblasts can adhere to extracellular matrix (ECM) material by fibronectin-dependent (type I) and fibronectin-independent (type II) mechanisms. In this report we investigate the biochemical characteristics of ECM that contribute to type II adhesion. ECM capable of mediating type II adhesions is produced primarily by normal diploid fibroblasts, but not by transformed cells or epithelial cells. Treatment of fibroblast ECM under conditions that result in the removal of most of the ECM lipid or most of the ECM glycosaminoglycan does not impair type II adhesion. Likewise, treatment of the ECM with large amounts of purified collagenase does not block type II adhesion. However, treatment of ECM with low doses of trypsin or with an agent that reacts with tyrosine residues, results in complete ablation of the ability of the ECM to support type II adhesion. On the basis of these observations we suggest that the matrix component(s) mediating type II adhesion are non-collagenous proteins or glycoproteins.

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Cross-pollination within Pecan Orchards

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.583d ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 583d-583 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bruce W. Wood

Keyword(s):

Dna Analysis ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Large Block ◽

Block Type ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Late Data ◽

Very Low Frequency

Pecan is wind pollinated, exhibits heterodichogamy and are either protandrous (I) or protogynous (II). Orchards are typically established using two complimentary flowering types but with no further scrutiny as to the degree of compatibility of these two types. Additionally, orchards are sometime established with a very low frequency of pollinator. An evaluation of several orchards revealed that yield losses are due to poor pollination is likely common. Data indicate that trees beyond about 46 m (150 feet) from a complementary pollinator exhibit substantial reductions in fruit-set; therefore, large block-type plantings are disadvantaged. Flowering data over several years show that Type I and Type II cultivars are often functionally noncomplementary, suggesting that pecan cultivars should also be identified with a seasonal identification (i.e., early, mid, and late). Data also indicate that dichogamy patterns substantially change as trees age or with abnormally warm or cool springs; hence, pollination patterns will vary depending upon orchard age. Data indicate that orchards should be comprised of 3+ cultivars. RAPD-DNA analysis of “hooked-nuts” indicates that this trait is not reliable as an indicator of selfing.

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Heat-Etching with a Bullivant Type II Simple Freeze-Cleave Device

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100067522 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 106-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ronald S. Weinstein ◽

N. Scott McNutt

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

General Hospital ◽

Massachusetts General Hospital ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Collaborative Effort ◽

Temperature And Pressure ◽

The University

The Type I simple cold block device was described by Bullivant and Ames in 1966 and represented the product of the first successful effort to simplify the equipment required to do sophisticated freeze-cleave techniques. Bullivant, Weinstein and Someda described the Type II device which is a modification of the Type I device and was developed as a collaborative effort at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The modifications reduced specimen contamination and provided controlled specimen warming for heat-etching of fracture faces. We have now tested the Mass. General Hospital version of the Type II device (called the “Type II-MGH device”) on a wide variety of biological specimens and have established temperature and pressure curves for routine heat-etching with the device.

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Labelling of non-A, non-B hepatitis infected chimpanzee hepatocytes with nuclease-gold conjugates

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100111367 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 250-251

Author(s):

G. D. Gagne ◽

M. F. Miller ◽

D. A. Peterson

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Experimental Infection ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Type I ◽

Cellular Injury ◽

Type Ii ◽

Tubular Structures ◽

Type Iii ◽

Type Iv ◽

Infected Chimpanzee

Experimental infection of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) or with delta agent hepatitis results in the appearance of characteristic cytoplasmic alterations in the hepatocytes. These alterations include spongelike inclusions (Type I), attached convoluted membranes (Type II), tubular structures (Type III), and microtubular aggregates (Type IV) (Fig. 1). Type I, II and III structures are, by association, believed to be derived from endoplasmic reticulum and may be morphogenetically related. Type IV structures are generally observed free in the cytoplasm but sometimes in the vicinity of type III structures. It is not known whether these structures are somehow involved in the replication and/or assembly of the putative NANB virus or whether they are simply nonspecific responses to cellular injury. When treated with uranyl acetate, type I, II and III structures stain intensely as if they might contain nucleic acids. If these structures do correspond to intermediates in the replication of a virus, one might expect them to contain DNA or RNA and the present study was undertaken to explore this possibility.

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Comparative surface and ultrastructural views of methylotrophic bacteria by TEM, STEM, SE, and freeze-etch electron microscopy.

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100128274 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 792-793

Author(s):

T.A. Fassel ◽

M.J. Schaller ◽

M.E. Lidstrom ◽

C.C. Remsen

Keyword(s):

Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽

Structural Features ◽

Methylotrophic Bacteria ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Membrane Complex ◽

Oxidation Of Methane ◽

Methane Oxidizing Bacteria ◽

Wall Structures ◽

Methylomonas Albus

Methylotrophic bacteria play an Important role in the environment in the oxidation of methane and methanol. Extensive intracytoplasmic membranes (ICM) have been associated with the oxidation processes in methylotrophs and chemolithotrophic bacteria. Classification on the basis of ICM arrangement distinguishes 2 types of methylotrophs. Bundles or vesicular stacks of ICM located away from the cytoplasmic membrane and extending into the cytoplasm are present in Type I methylotrophs. In Type II methylotrophs, the ICM form pairs of peripheral membranes located parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Complex cell wall structures of tightly packed cup-shaped subunits have been described in strains of marine and freshwater phototrophic sulfur bacteria and several strains of methane oxidizing bacteria. We examined the ultrastructure of the methylotrophs with particular view of the ICM and surface structural features, between representatives of the Type I Methylomonas albus (BG8), and Type II Methylosinus trichosporium (OB-36).

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