scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA Diversity of the Nangan Islanders Living in the Mazu Archipelago of the Taiwan Strait

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
Chen Zong-Sian ◽  
Trejaut Jean ◽  
Loo Jun-Hun ◽  
Lai Ying-Hui ◽  
Huang Jin-Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Taiwan Strait ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
The Taiwan Strait ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Very High ◽  
The Last Glacial

This study investigates the genetic relationship of the Mazu peoples on the east coast of China in the Taiwan Strait. Using partial and complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences, we compare Mazu with surrounding East Asia populations. Mazu shows no exclusive affinities with either Southeast or Northeast Asia. High genetic diversity and a very high number of exclusive haplogroups of various Asian origins suggest that Mazu resulted from a process of continuous resettlement that started when it first became an archipelago at the end of the last glacial maximum and that continued till the last century. As a result, genetic drift did not contribute to an exclusive Mazu profile. The structure of haplogroups that show signatures of the Neolithic era (N9a10a), or influx from Island Southeast Asia (F1a4a) suggest recent gene flows and Mazu relationship with it's pre-Neolithic era (presence of pre-E1a or R9/pre-F from Liangdao man) was not seen.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of Neomysis americana (Crustacea, Mysida), focusing on the St. Lawrence system

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-739
Author(s):  
GrÉgoire Cortial ◽  
Ryan Woodland ◽  
Rachel Lasley-Rasher ◽  
Gesche Winkler
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Sampling Area ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract Species characterized by low dispersal capacities, such as mysids, usually show evidence of genetic differentiation. Many mysids are broadly distributed and often show eurythermal and euryhaline traits. This study aimed to describe intraspecific genetic structure and the phylogeography of Neomysis americana, a key species of estuarine food webs in northwest Atlantic, using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. We sampled 26 populations across the St. Lawrence system (SLS) and two along the east coast of North America [Penobscot and Chesapeake Bay (CB)]. Sequencing of 420 individuals revealed three divergent (>3%) lineages (LA, LB, LC) across the sampling area suggesting that N. americana represents a cryptic species complex. The distribution of the lineages was geographically structured. LC occurred in the CB only, whereas LA and LB co-occurred along the SLS and Penobscot Bay. This suggests secondary contact after the last glacial maximum. In the SLS the lineage LA dominated the estuarine transition zone and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, whereas the lineage LB was prevalent in the lower St. Lawrence Estuary, potentially due to different eco-physiological preferences. These results might help to define reasonable entities for research and management.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA in Siberian conifers indicates multiple postglacial colonization centers

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 875-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir L. Semerikov ◽  
Svetlana A. Semerikova ◽  
Yuliya A. Putintseva ◽  
Natalia V. Oreshkova ◽  
Konstantin V. Krutovsky
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Phylogeographic Pattern ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Siberian Fir ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

The geographic variation of the mitochondrial DNA in Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) was studied using the newly developed markers and compared with the phylogeographic pattern of another previously studied Siberian conifer, Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.). Similar to Siberian larch, the distribution of mtDNA haplotypes in Siberian fir revealed clear differentiation among distinct geographic regions of southern Siberia and the Urals, likely indicating postglacial recolonization from several sources. The northern part of the range of both species was genetically homogeneous, which is probably due to its recent colonization from one of the glacial refugia. This conclusion is in agreement with published pollen and macrofossil data in Siberian fir and with the reconstruction of environmental niches indicating a dramatic reduction of the range and a likely survival of fir in certain southern areas during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), 21 thousand years ago. Although the modeling of the Siberian larch ecological niche reconstructed a shift of the range to the south at that period, the paleontological data indicated the presence of this species in most areas of the current range during LGM, which corresponds to the results of a previous historical demographic study suggesting that the population expansion preceding the LGM.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of post-Pleistocene population expansion in Dasyscyphella longistipitata (Leotiomycetes, Helotiales), an endemic fungal symbiont of Fagus crenata in Japan

MycoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Jaime Gasca-Pineda ◽  
Patricia Velez ◽  
Tsuyoshi Hosoya
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Fagus Crenata ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Suitability ◽  
The Japanese Archipelago ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), drastic environmental changes modified the topology of the Japanese Archipelago, impacting species distributions. An example is Fagus crenata, which has a present continuous distribution throughout Japan. However, by the end of the LGM it was restricted to southern refugia. Similarly, Dasyscyphella longistipitata (Leotiomycetes, Helotiales, Lachnaceae) occurs strictly on cupules of F. crenata, sharing currently an identical distribution. As the effects of the LGM remain poorly understood for saprobiotic microfungal species, herein we identified past structuring forces that shaped the current genetic diversity within D. longistipitata in relation to its host using a phylogeographic approach. We inferred present and past potential distributions through species distribution modeling, identifying environmental suitability areas in mid-southern Japan from which subsequent colonizations occurred. Our findings suggest that current high genetic diversity and lack of genetic structure within D. longistipitata are the result of recent multiple re-colonization events after the LGM.

scholarly journals An Oceanic Current against the Wind: How Does Taiwan Island Steer Warm Water into the East China Sea?

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 2563-2569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Wind Stress ◽  
Pressure Difference ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Taiwan Strait ◽  
Momentum Balance ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Current Layer ◽  
The Taiwan Strait ◽  
The Kuroshio

Abstract Along the Taiwan Strait (<100 m in depth) a northeastward flow persists in all seasons despite the annually averaged wind stress that is strongly southwestward. The forcing mechanism of this countercurrent is examined by using a simple ocean model. The results from a suite of experiments demonstrate that it is the Kuroshio that plays the deciding role for setting the flow direction along the Taiwan Strait. The momentum balance along the strait is mainly between the wind stress, friction, and pressure gradient. Since both wind stress and friction act against the northward flow, it is most likely the pressure gradient that forces the northward flow, as noted in some previous studies. What remains unknown is why there is a considerable pressure difference between the southern and northern strait. The Kuroshio flows along the east coast of Taiwan, and thus the western boundary current layer dynamics applies there. Integrating the momentum equation along Taiwan’s east coast shows that there must be a pressure difference between the southern and the northern tip of Taiwan to counter a considerable friction exerted by the mighty Kuroshio. This same pressure difference is also felt on the other side of the island where it forces the northward flow through Taiwan Strait. The model shows that the local wind stress acts to dampen this northward flow. This mechanism can be illustrated by an integral constraint for flow around an island.

Studenoe-2 and the origins of microblade technologies in the Transbaikal, Siberia

Antiquity ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (285) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Goebel ◽  
Michael R. Waters ◽  
Ian Buvit ◽  
Mikhail V. Konstantinov ◽  
Aleksander V. Konstantinov
Keyword(s):  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Analysis and dating of new Upper Palaeolithic sites suggest that microblades emerged in the Transbaikal after 18,000 years ago. These findings encourage review of earlier assertions that such technologies developed in northeast Asia prior to the last glacial maximum.

scholarly journals Pan-European phylogeography of the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Plis ◽  
Magdalena Niedziałkowska ◽  
Tomasz Borowik ◽  
Johannes Lang ◽  
Mike Heddergott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Expansion Time ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Eemian Interglacial ◽  
The Last Glacial

To provide the most comprehensive picture of species phylogeny and phylogeography of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), we analysed mtDNA control region (610 bp) of 1469 samples of roe deer from Central and Eastern Europe and included into the analyses additional 1541 mtDNA sequences from GenBank from other regions of the continent. We detected two mtDNA lineages of the species: European and Siberian one (an introgression of C. pygargus mtDNA into C. capreolus). The Siberian lineage was most frequent in eastern part of the continent and declined towards Central Europe. The European lineage contained three clades (Central, Eastern and Western) composed of 2 to 8 subclades, many of which were separated in space. The Western clade appeared to have a discontinuous range from Portugal to Russia. Most of the subclades in the Central and the Eastern clades were under expansion during the Weichselian glacial period before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), while the expansion time of the Western clade overlapped with the Eemian interglacial. High genetic diversity of extant roe deer is the result of their survival during the LGM in a large, contiguous range spanning from the Iberian Peninsula to the Caucasus Mts. and in two northern refugia.

scholarly journals Gridded climate data from 5 GCMs of the Last Glacial Maximum downscaled to 30 arc s for Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 2585-2613 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Schmatz ◽  
J. Luterbacher ◽  
N. E. Zimmermann ◽  
P. B. Pearman
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Very High ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract. Studies of the impacts of historical, current and future global change require very high-resolution climate data (≤ 1 km) as a basis for modelled responses, meaning that data from digital climate models generally require substantial rescaling. Another shortcoming of available datasets on past climate is that the effects of sea level rise and fall are not considered. Without such information, the study of glacial refugia or early Holocene plant and animal migration are incomplete if not impossible. Sea level at the last glacial maximum (LGM) was approximately 125 m lower, creating substantial additional terrestrial area for which no current baseline data exist. Here, we introduce the development of a novel, gridded climate dataset for LGM that is both very high resolution (1 km) and extends to the LGM sea and land mask. We developed two methods to extend current terrestrial precipitation and temperature data to areas between the current and LGM coastlines. The absolute interpolation error is less than 1 and 0.5 °C for 98.9 and 87.8 %, respectively, of all pixels within two arc degrees of the current coastline. We use the change factor method with these newly assembled baseline data to downscale five global circulation models of LGM climate to a resolution of 1 km for Europe. As additional variables we calculate 19 "bioclimatic" variables, which are often used in climate change impact studies on biological diversity. The new LGM climate maps are well suited for analysing refugia and migration during Holocene warming following the LGM.

Topographic Effects on a Wintertime Cold Front in Taiwan

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (11) ◽  
pp. 3297-3316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang-Ching Chien ◽  
Ying-Hwa Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Taiwan Strait ◽  
Gradient Force ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Pressure Gradient Force ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Taiwan Strait

Abstract This paper describes an observational and numerical study of an intense wintertime cold front that occurred in Taiwan on 8 January 1996. The front was associated with rope clouds at the leading edge, and a broad area of stratiform clouds behind. The front was blocked by the Central Mountain Range of Taiwan and divided into two sections on each side of the mountain range. As the cold air moved southward along the east coast, the increasing westward Coriolis force induced a landward acceleration. After the cold air piled up against the mountains, a coastal pressure ridge developed. The cold air damming yielded a geostrophic balance between the westward Coriolis force and the eastward component of the pressure gradient force in the x direction, and a southward acceleration in the y direction mainly caused by the southward pressure gradient force component. Over the Taiwan Strait, southward pressure gradient forces increased when the low-level stable cold air was confined over the Taiwan Strait, leading to a southward acceleration of the cold air. The formation of a windward ridge off the northwest coast of Taiwan contributed to a large southward acceleration, resulting in the development of a coastal jet. Over the Taiwan Strait, the cold air moved southward the fastest due to the channeling effect. The air parcels along the east coast of Taiwan experienced a downgradient acceleration from the cold air damming and advanced at a slower speed. Those traveling over the western plains and the nearshore coast advanced at the slowest speed. Two sensitivity runs, one without Taiwan’s topography (flat land only) and the other without Taiwan’s landmass, demonstrated the influences of Taiwan’s terrain and water–land contrast on the airflow. The run with no surface fluxes showed that the ocean modified the low-level cold air by supplying surface heat and moisture fluxes. This weakened the front, reduced low-level stability, and increased forced shallow convection (formation of rope clouds) at the leading edge.

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