scholarly journals Effect of Feed Restriction During the Rearing Period on the Growth Rate and Carcass Composition of Turkey Breeder Hens

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 1753-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. MULES ◽  
S. LEESON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Breeder Hens

scholarly journals Effect of physical feed restriction during rearing on Large White turkey breeder hens: 3. Body and carcass composition

2002 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 1792-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
AN Crouch ◽  
JL Grimes ◽  
VL Christensen ◽  
KK Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Large White ◽  
Breeder Hens

Effects of progressive feed restriction on the growth and carcass composition of pigs: comparative responses of gilts and castrates

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Fuller ◽  
R. M. Livingstone
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fat Thickness

SUMMARYA barley-based diet, containing 16% protein, was given at average daily rates of 1·2–2·5 kg (16–32 MJ, metabolizable energy (ME)) to 32 female and 32 castrated male pigs during their growth from 25 to 90 kg. At high intakes there was no difference in growth rate between the sexes, but with progressive feed restriction the growth of males was more severely retarded than that of the females. Both sexes achieved their minimum feed conversion ratios at approximately 25 MJ. The reductions of fat thickness with progressive feed restriction were greater by approximately 20% in the females than in the males. The two sexes had the same mean back fat thickness when the gilts had 4·7 MJ more ME per day than the castrates. It was inferred that the energy requirement for maintenance was 15% greater in the males than in the females.

scholarly journals Effect of restricted feed intake in broiler breeder hens on their stress levels and the growth and immunology of their offspring1

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy Bowling ◽  
Rebecca Forder ◽  
Robert J Hughes ◽  
Sarah Weaver ◽  
Philip Ian Hynd
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Immune Challenge ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Breeder Hens ◽  
Broiler Breeder Hens ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The prenatal environment has been shown to have significant effects on the lifelong health of offspring in humans and other species. Such effects have not been studied extensively in avian species but could prove important, especially in the case of severe feed restriction imposed on broiler breeder hens to prevent obesity and reduce rate of lay. Feed restriction can potentially affect not only nutrient supply to the embryo but stress hormone levels within the hen. This study investigated the impact of nutrient restriction of the breeder hen on growth rate and immune responses in the progeny with the objective to measure the impact of feed restriction of broiler breeder hens on growth and immune response of the progeny. Broiler breeder hens were feed restricted from 24 wk of age and maintained at three bodyweights; 3.4, 3.6, and 4.0 kg until 43 wk of age and behavioral and physiological measures of stress recorded. Chicks were hatched from each hen treatment and at day 7 vaccinated for infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and at 16, 18, and 20 d old given an immune challenge of lipopolysaccharide. Growth and immune responses of these birds were then recorded. Sex ratio was affected by hen bodyweight, with a significantly increased proportion of males hatched from heavy hens. Growth rate from 35 to 42 d of age was reduced in male progeny from low bodyweight hens. Female progeny from heavy hens responded to an immune challenge by reduced live weight and increased heterophil: lymphocyte ratio, suggesting a more robust immune response in these birds than in the progeny from lower bodyweight hens. Overall, progeny from heavy hens had increased antibodies at day 35 to the vaccination of IBV compared with progeny of low bodyweight hens, also suggesting an improved immune response in these birds. Breeder hens restricted to the lowest feed level showed behaviors indicative of increased stress (object pecking) and an increased heterophil: lymphocyte ratio. Feed restriction of broiler breeder hens increased indices of stress in hens and resulted in offspring that have reduced growth rate and immune response in a sex-dependent way.

scholarly journals Effects of feed restriction on metabolic disorders in broiler chickens: A review

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sahraei
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Fast Growth Rate

Continuous genetic selection and improvement in nutrition have led to a very fast growth rate in modern strains of broiler chickens. Metabolic disorders such as ascits, sudden death syndrome and leg problems are related to a rapid early growth rate in poultry, especially in broilers, and their incidence can be decreased by slowing early growth. The use of management tools to reduce metabolic disorders that rely primarily on decreasing feed consumption, The feed restriction programs is on of the main techniques in growth curve manipulation for increasing production efficiency in broiler chicken in alleviate the incidence of some metabolic disorders and can be used to reduction the unfavorable effects of fast growth rate in broiler chicken production industry, and could be profitable in broiler chickens production efficiency. This article implicated on new findings in about different feed restriction programs effects on these problems in broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Straw or hay as environmental improvement and its effect on behaviour and production traits of fattening pigs

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jordan ◽  
S. Žgur ◽  
G. Gorjanc ◽  
I. Štuhec
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Fattening Pigs

Abstract. Fattening pigs are commonly kept in intensive housing systems with slatted floor which represent a very barren environment, causing poor animal welfare. To improve such conditions a small amount of straw or hay (100 g per animal per day laid daily in a rack) was used in our study as an environmental enrichment (EE). Two replications, each including 96 fattening pigs of both sexes (3 pens of 16 females and 3 pens of 16 male castrates) from 60 kg to slaughter at average 96 kg live weight, were used to test the effect of EE and sex on behaviour, growth rate, and carcass composition. EE significantly increased the proportion of total activity during the illumination period (between 6 a. m. and 2 p. m.) on account of increased occupation with substrate (P<0.01). EE also significantly reduced time spent biting pen bars and frequency of aggressive encounters (P<0.01). The EE increased total activity in female animals during the observation period, but not in male castrates. None of the EE significantly influenced pigs‘ growth rate and lean meat percentage; however females in enriched environment grew slower and had greater lean meat percentage than the castrated males. Provision of a small amount of straw or hay to pigs in intensive housing systems can enrich barren environment in inexpensive and efficient way. Therefore such enrichment can be widely used also in large commercial pig production systems.

scholarly journals The effect of one-week intensive feed restriction and age on the carcass composition and meat quality of growing rabbits

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Chodová ◽  
E. Tůmová ◽  
Z. Volek ◽  
V. Skřivanová ◽  
J. Vlčková
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Restriction

Effect of supplemental nutrients on the growth performance of sucking pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
J. M. Boyce ◽  
R. H. King
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Piglet Growth ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Supplemental Nutrients

Twenty-seven sows were allocated at their first farrowing to 3 experimental treatments in which their sucking pigs had access to no supplemental milk, liquid cow milk (CM), or a synthetic milk supplement (SM). Liquid cow milk contained 128 g total solids/kg, 24·2 g CP/kg, 30·4 g fat/kg, and 1·8 g lysine/kg, whereas the supplemental synthetic milk contained 200 g total solids/kg, 102·6 g CP/kg, 36·0 g fat/kg, and 9·0 g lysine/kg. All litters contained 12 pigs and the supplemental milk products were offered ad libitum from Day 4 of lactation until weaning at 28 days of age. Between Days 0 and 14 of lactation, there was no effect of treatment on supplemental milk intake or average piglet growth rate but between Days 14 and 28 of lactation, litters given milk supplements grew faster than litters receiving no supplemental milk. Overall, piglet growth rates between Days 0 and 28 of lactation were greater for litters receiving supplemental milk (297 and 277 g/day for CM and SM litters, respectively) than for litters receiving no supplemental milk (239 g/day). Piglets offered cow milk drank more milk between Days 4 and 28 of lactation than piglets offered the synthetic milk (5·48 v. 2·38 kg/day). Piglets in litters which had access to cow milk visited the supplemental feeder more often (5·5 v. 2·7 visits per suckling interval) and spent longer at the feeder (45·4 v. 14·5 s) than pigs in litters which had access to the synthetic milk supplement. Average sow milk production was 15·4 and 15·3 kg/day between Days 11 and 14 and between Days 25 and 28 of lactation, respectively, and was unaffected by treatment. Treatment also had no significant effect on average suckling interval on Day 21 of lactation (51·7 min) or carcass composition of representative pigs from each litter killed at 28 days of age. Between Days 14 and 28, female pigs grew faster than male pigs (304·3±9·3 v. 292·0±9· 2 g/day). These results demonstrate that provision of supplemental milk to sucking pigs can improve preweaning growth rate and the response increased as lactation proceeded.

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