scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP OF METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES AND INOCULATION TECHNIQUES CONDUCIVE FOR LOOSE SMUT OF WHEAT DEVLEOPMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
Muhammad A. Khan ◽  
Muhammad Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Sajjad ◽  
Ayaz Farzand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Ustilago Tritici ◽  
Inoculation Techniques ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
The Relationship

Ustilago tritici, a seed borne pathogen, remains dormant in seed embryo and causes loose smut disease. The present study was conducted to evaluate two inoculation methods i.e., dip inoculation and syringe inoculation to find out the better method for efficient and reproducible assessment of disease severity, disease incidence and screening of resistant wheat germplasm. Syringe inoculation was found to be better for the inoculation of heads with higher disease incidence than dip inoculation method. Twenty-seven lines were tested for their resistance against loose smut. Two lines were moderately resistant, nineteen lines susceptible and three lines were highly susceptible. Environmental conditions play an integral role in the development of loose smut disease. The relationship of temperature, humidity and rainfall with loose smut development was studied. An average temperature of 23-27 °C, relative humidity 60-90% and rainfall 0.02-1 mm rainfall were statistically most conducive for disease development. The correlation of environmental factors significantly influenced the disease development.

Chemical control of loose smut (Ustilago segetum var. tritici) of barley and the effects of cultivar and environment on disease incidence

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
R Loughman ◽  
EJ Speijers ◽  
GJ Thomas ◽  
DJ Ballinger
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Control Disease ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Very High

The reasons for an increase in barley loose smut in high rainfall areas of Western Australia were investigated in field trials from 1986 to 1988 by examining the effects of environment, cultivar and adequacy of chemical control. Disease was 4-18 times greater in 2 seed lines produced in very high rainfall areas (>750 mm/year) compared with that produced in high (450-750 mm/year) or low (<325 mm/year) rainfall areas. The effectiveness of 5 fungicide seed treatments was assessed. No fungicide seed treatment controlled disease completely. Triadimenol at 225 mg a.i./kg and carboxin at 940 mg a.i./kg were most effective, providing 93-96% disease control. Treatments were significantly (P<0.01) less effective in high rainfall areas of Western Australia. Barley cultivars released recently in Western Australia were found to be susceptible to loose smut; we suggest that the replacement of the moderately resistant Dampier with these cultivars has contributed to an increased incidence of disease.

scholarly journals Inoculum Density-Disease Development Relationship in Verticillium Wilt of Artichoke Caused by Verticillium dahliae

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 1131-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Berbegal ◽  
A. Ortega ◽  
J. García-Jiménez ◽  
J. Armengol
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Inoculum Density ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Negative Exponential ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between inoculum density of Verticillium dahliae in soil and disease development was studied in 10 commercial artichoke fields. Inoculum density of V. dahliae varied between 2.2 and 34.2 microsclerotia (ms) g–1 of soil near planting. Artichoke plants were monitored for disease at the beginning and the end of each growing season. There was a significant correlation, which was best described by negative exponential models, between inoculum density and disease incidence, symptom severity, and recovery of the pathogen from the plants. Inoculum densities ranging from 5 to 9 ms g–1 of soil were associated with a mean percentage of infected plants of about 50%. Additionally, three fields were monitored in two consecutive growing seasons to evaluate the population dynamics of V. dahliae microsclerotia in soil and disease development. Numbers of microsclerotia per gram of soil decreased significantly by the end of the first growing season but slightly increased at the end of the second growing season. In these fields, symptom severity was greatest during the second growing season when high percentages of infected plants also were recorded.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN SANITASI RUMAH DENGAN KEJADIAN PENYAKIT TUBERKULOSIS (TB) DI KECAMATAN KUTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
I Made Mudana ◽  
Nyoman Adiputra ◽  
I.B.G. Pujaastawa
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Residential Density ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
House Floor ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Logistic Regression Test

RELATIONSHIP HOUSING SANITATION WITH TUBERCULOSIS DISEASES (TB) INCIDENCE IN KUTA DISTRICTOne of the endemic infectious diseases occured in the community is tuberculosis (TB). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated about one third of the world's population has been infected by the bacteria mycobacterium tuberculosis. Badung regency as one of the districts in the province of Bali also having cases of tuberculosis. From the report Badung Health Agency in 2015 was recorded 275 TB patients. From 6 districts in Badung district, subdistrict of Kuta occupy the highest number of cases recorded 100 patients. tuberculosis is closely related to homes sanitation that do not meet health requirements. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of home sanitation with disease incidence of tuberculosis in the district of Kuta. Based on the type of research is observational analytic, design research is a case control studies linking ie risk factors. (Home sanitation) with TB disease events, by comparing the case group and the control group. The population in this study are patients with TB BTA (+) were treated working area Puskesmas Kuta I and Puskesmas Kuta II sanitation as well as his home. The number of samples in this study was 60 consisting of the case group and the control group. How sampling is the total population of TB patients in the last 3 months of 2015 as well as sanitary home. Data collected from interviews, observations and measurements and then analyzed using chi square and followed by multiple logistic regression test. From the statistic test bivariate home sanitation  with tuberculosis disease incidence 6 variables showed that: (1) lighting p = 0,00 (p< 0,05) OR = 21, (2) humidity p = 0,00 (p< 0,05) OR = 21,36 , (3) ventilation p = 0,00 (p< 0,05)OR = 11, (4) the walls of the house p = 0,00 (p< 0,05) OR = 8,64, (5) density residential home p = 0,00 (p<0,05) OR = 16,43 and (6) house floor p = 0,22 (p>0,05) OR = 2,143. To determine the relationship of all independent variables simultaneously multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression test. Based on the results obtained that there are three independent variables significantly related (p<0,05) with the dependent variable is the humidity (OR = 19,158, 95% CI 3,171 –115,751), ventilation (OR = 6,408, 95% CI = 1,199 to 34,236), residential density (OR = 13,342, 95% CI = 2,261 – 78,733). Probability of people who occupy the house with sanitation (Humidity, Ventilation and Residential density) in the district of Kuta to contract tuberculosis (TB) is 97,08%. Based on these results, we can conclude that from the test bivariate (6 variables) are: lighting, humidity, ventilation, walls of houses, residential density and house floor associated with the incidence of tuberculosis in the district of Kuta. While the advice may be given to: (1). people who live in the district of Kuta in order to build or occupy a dwelling house to take into account the standard of sanitation and healthy home. (2). Government / agencies in order to provide guidance to the public in order to build houses of spatial attention and care homes that meet health requirements so that people who lived in the house to feel safe, comfortable, and avoid the disease especially those stemming from poor sanitation home.

scholarly journals Artefacts and influence in curriculum policy enactment: Processes, products and policy work in curriculum reform

2020 ◽  
pp. 1356336X2094122
Author(s):  
Karen Lambert ◽  
Laura Alfrey ◽  
Justen O’Connor ◽  
Dawn Penney
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Reform ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Curriculum Policy ◽  
Australian Curriculum ◽  
Health And Physical Education ◽  
Policy Enactment ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Policy Work ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Artefacts are an important part of policy work, and a means of representation, translation, re-negotiation, and resistance of policy. While research has established their integral role in policy enactment, little research has examined the production and/or dissemination of artefacts by teacher educators. This paper reports and analyses the production and re-production of a specific set of artefacts, arising from the policy work of four teacher educators seeking to influence the interpretation and enactment of the Australian Curriculum in Health and Physical Education (AC HPE). Analysis and discussion pursue: the rationale for producing a set of artefacts focusing on a particular feature of the AC HPE; the processes of artefact production; actions designed to activate and re-present the artefacts; and emerging evidence of uptake and impact. The relationship of artefacts to policy work is shown to be strategically significant for teacher educators, teachers and others invested in new curriculum developments, and is characterised as both fluid and generative. We argue that artefacts have important performative policy potential and play a key role in supporting and shaping curriculum policy enactment.

scholarly journals Cultural practices and genetic resistance as factors affecting soybean stem canker and plant yield in the Cerrado

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCOS A. FREITAS ◽  
ADALBERTO C. CAFÉ FILHO ◽  
LUIZ C. B. NASSER
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Plant Yields ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Field experiments were conducted in the 1995-96 soybean (Glycine max) growing season to evaluate the effects of cultural practices and host genetic resistance on the intensity of soybean stem canker, caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum f.sp. meridionalis (Dpm). Experiments were conducted in a commercial field severely infected in the previous (1994-95) season. In one study, minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT) cropping systems were investigated for their effects on disease development and on plant yields in cvs. FT-Cristalina (susceptible) and FT-Seriema (moderately resistant). Another study evaluated the effects of plant densities (8, 15, 21 and 36 plants/m) on disease development in cvs. FT-Cristalina, FT-101 (moderately resistant) and FT-104 (resistant). Disease incidence and severity were consistently lower in NT than in MT, and plant yields were increased by 23% and 14% in the NT system for the susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars, respectively, compared to the yields in the MT system. The Gompertz and Logistic models described well the disease progress curves in all situations. For both susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars, disease severity increased proportionately to the increase in plant densities. At the end of the season, 100% of the plants of cv. FT-Cristalina were infected by Dpm, at all plant densities. Disease levels on cv. FT-101 were intermediate while only very low disease levels were recorded on cv. FT-104. There was a consistent negative correlation between stem canker severity and yield. Some practices demonstrated potential for direct application in disease control, and could be combined considering their additive effects.

scholarly journals Peach brown rot control and the relationship of latent infection with postharvest disease

Revista CERES ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 517-526
Author(s):  
Elizandra Pivotto Pavanello ◽  
Magno Roberto Pasquetti Berghett ◽  
Erani Eliseu Schultz ◽  
Fabio Rodrigo Thewes ◽  
Suele Fernanda Prediger Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Infection ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Latent Infections ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The peach brown rot, caused by Monilinia fructicola, is the main disease of the crop, causing significant losses during preharvest and postharvest. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of preharvest fungicide application on brown rot control and verify the role of latent infection and external contamination in postharvest disease. An experiment was carried out in the years 2014 and 2015 in order to evaluate the performance of six active ingredients (captan, iprodione, iminoctadine, tebuconazole, difenoconazole and azoxystrobin) during preharvest on brown rot control and the effect on latent infection. A second experiment was carried out to monitor the latent infection during growth and ripening of the fruit and in order to correlate it with the postharvest disease incidence. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (Anova) and the means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test (p < 0.05), using statistical software Sisvar. The active ingredients iprodione, tebuconazole and difenoconazole were the most efficient in controlling brown rot on the field, while iminoctadine has higher efficiency during postharvest control, acting on latent infections. The incidence of latent infections during fruit growth and ripening has a positive correlation with brown rot incidence at postharvest. The highest disease incidence after storage is due to the latent infections manifestation. Effective chemical control in the field, throughout the growing and ripening of fruit, is an important approach to postharvest brown rot control, even after cold storage and during shelf life at 20 °C.

scholarly journals Level of inoculum suitable for studies on the relationship of coffee seedlings and Rhizoctonia solani or Myrothecium roridum

1969 ◽  
Vol 83 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Wanda I. Mercado ◽  
Rocío del P. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Inoculum Concentration ◽  
Myrothecium Roridum ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Suitable levels of inoculum of Rhizoctonia solani and Myrothecium roridum for the induction of symptoms in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seedlings were determined in greenhouse tests based on the percentage of seedling mortality and disease incidence. Best inoculum level for R. solani and M. roridum was 15 and 10%, respectively. Myrothecium roridum was more virulent than R. solani, and thus caused higher mortality of coffee seedlings. For both pathogens, as the inoculum concentration increased, the dry weight of plants decreased. A direct positive relation between incidence of the disease and concentration of the inoculum was detected, it was found that R. solani is more persistent than M. roridum in the inoculated soil.

scholarly journals 019 Effect of Fungicidal Spray Program on Resveratrol Production of Muscadine Grapes (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.)

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 391B-391
Author(s):  
J.B. Magee ◽  
B.J. Smith ◽  
Agnes Rimando
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Disease Score ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Berry Skins ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mean Concentration

Control of muscadine diseases is necessary to minimize yield loss and is especially important for highest quality if the berries are to be marketed fresh. Throughout the 1998 growing season, vines of five muscadine cultivars (`Noble', `Summit', `Cowart', `Higgins', and `Carlos') were treated under a systematic disease control spray program; four fungicides registered for use on grapes were applied sequentially at 10- to 20-day intervals from early bloom until just before harvest. Control plants received no fungicide. The objectives of the study were to determine the effects of the spray schedule on foliage and berry diseases and to study the relationship between disease incidence and resveratrol content of the berries. Resveratrol is a phytoalexin and has been favorably implicated in cardiovascular disease and certain cancer processes. Foliar diseases were rated visually twice during the season. Berry disease ratings were made at harvest. All fungal foliage and berry diseases were significantly reduced by the fungicide treatments. Resveratrol concentrations were determined separately on berry skins, seed and pulp/juice by GC/MS. Overall, resveratrol levels in berry skins from unsprayed vines were much higher than those of sprayed vines. Concentrations varied by cultivar and within cultivar by treatment. The relationship of skin concentration and total disease score or scores of specific diseases has not been established. Seed resveratrol concentrations differed by cultivar but were not affected by the fungicide treatments. Mean concentration of seed was lower than that of skins. Accumulation of resveratrol in juice/pulp was much lower than in skins and seeds.

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