scholarly journals ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ЭТНИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА НАСЕЛЕНИЯ МОСКВЫ ВО ВРЕМЯ ПЕРВОЙ МИРОВОЙ ВОЙНЫ

2021 ◽  
pp. 304-319
Author(s):  
Г.Ш. Григорян
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Exact Match ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The City ◽  
First World ◽  
Moscow Population

В годы Первой мировой войны происходили массовые миграции беженцев из прифронтовых районов вглубь России, что оказало существенное влияние на изменение этнического состава Москвы. В городе резко возросла доля этнических групп, ранее преобладавших в западных губерниях империи, это было нехарактерно для предвоенного периода. Однако недостаток сведений в изданной статистике усложняет для исследователей анализ влияния мигрантов военного времени на долю таких наиболее многочисленных этнических групп Москвы как: русские, евреи, немцы, поляки, литовцы, латыши, эстонцы, белорусы, украинцы, татары, армяне. Также определенную сложность представляет недоучет всех военных мигрантов, так как значительная их часть не регистрировалась в качестве беженцев, не попадая в статистику. Ввод в научный оборот ведомостей о числе жителей Москвы по вероисповеданиям за 1908–1916 гг., позволяет частично восполнить такой пробел и оценить динамику этнического состава населения города. Кроме того, сделана попытка выяснить общую численность всех военных мигрантов, находившихся в Москве перед революцией 1917 г., а также выделить беженцев-белорусов из общей численности православных и католиков. Предложенный метод сопоставления конфессиональной и этнической принадлежности не дает точного совпадения, однако с учетом привлечения дополнительных источников, позволяет выявить тенденции в изменениях этнического состава населения города, а также проанализировать факторы, влиявшие на динамику численности отдельных групп этнических меньшинств. During the First World War, there were massive migrations of refugees from the front-line areas deep into Russia, which significantly affected the ethnic structure of the Moscow population. In the city, the share of ethnic groups that predominated in the empire’s western provinces increased sharply compared with the pre-war period. However, the lack of information in the published statistics makes it difficult for researchers to analyze how wartime migrants influenced the share of numerous ethnic groups in Moscow as Russians, Jews, Germans, Poles, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Belarusians, Ukrainians, Tatars, and Armenians. The author analyzed statements of the Moscow residents by religion for 1908–1916, which allowed him to partially fill this knowledge gap and assess the dynamics of the ethnic structure of the city. The proposed method of equating confession with ethnicity does not give an exact match. However, along with additional sources, it allows us to identify trends in the ethnic structure of the city and analyze the factors that influenced the size of certain ethnic minorities.

A New History for a New Channel: The Great War and the Launch of BBC2

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Downing
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Great War ◽  
World War ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Television History ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World ◽  
Intense Debate ◽  
Do So

This article considers the making of the BBC2 series, The Great War, and examines issues around the treatment and presentation of the First World War on television, the reception of the series in 1964 and its impact on the making of television history over the last fifty years. The Great War combined archive film with interviews from front-line soldiers, nurses and war workers, giving a totally new feel to the depiction of history on television. Many aspects of The Great War were controversial and raised intense debate at the time and have continued to do so ever since.

scholarly journals Religion and Reform in the City: The Re-Thinking Chicago Movement of the 1930s

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-337
Author(s):  
Jacob H. Dorn
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Era ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Machines ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Leaders ◽  
First World ◽  
Urban Civilization

Historians have produced a rich and sophisticated literature on urban reform in the progressive era before the First World War. It includes numerous studies of individual cities, biographies of urban leaders, and analyses of particular movements and organizations. This literature illuminates important variations among reformers and their achievements, the relationships between urban growth and reform, and the functional role of the old-style political machines against which progressives battled. Similarly, there are many examinations of progressive-era reformers' ideas about and attitudes toward the burgeoning industrial cities that had come into being with disquieting rapidity during their own lifetimes. Some of these works go well beyond the controversial conclusions of Morton and Lucia White in The Intellectual Versus the City (1964) to find more complex—and sometimes more positive—assessments of the new urban civilization.

2.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Hoff
Keyword(s):  
William Shakespeare ◽  
Mary Shelley ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Henri Poincaré ◽  
The First World War ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City ◽  
First World

Chapter two offers a synopsis and analysis of the second section of Mrs. Dalloway. It focuses on the novel’s introduction to new characters and examines Woolf’s thinking behind her decision to use descriptions of appearance as a mode of characterisation. The chapter also provides a useful offering of context surrounding the First World War, royalty, and the city of London in the 1920s, as well as referencing various scholars, including Mary Shelley, William Shakespeare and Henri Poincaré.

Martyrs, Migrants and Militants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Talbot ◽  
Tahir Kamran
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
First World War ◽  
Student Population ◽  
World War ◽  
Muslim Students ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Militant Groups ◽  
The City ◽  
First World

Chapter seven discusses the emergence of revolutionary networks in the first decade of the Nineteenth Century and the activities of leading figures and movements during the First World War. The student population of the city provided recruits for militant groups that sought to overthrow the Raj. There are case studies of the Ghadr Movement, of iconic revolutionary martyrs such as Bhagat Singh, Udham Singh and Madan Lal Dhingra and of ‘absconding’ students to the trans-border camps in Chamarkand of what the British termed the ‘Hindustani Fanatics.’ The Muslim students became involved in Obaidullah Sindhi’s jihadist struggle in 1915 and in the hijrat movement to Afghanistan of March-August 1920. Some were to replace Pan-Islamic fervour with attachment to Communism inculcated at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East.

scholarly journals The impact of political unrest in Ireland on Irish soldiers in the British army, 1914–18: a re-evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (161) ◽  
pp. 50-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Destenay
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
World War ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Political Event ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Political Unrest ◽  
Psychological Pressure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First World

AbstractIn order better to understand the impact of political unrest in Ireland on Irish troops fighting in the First World War, it is necessary to acknowledge that the role of the 1916 Rising has been significantly overestimated, while the influence of the 1914 home rule crisis and the repercussions of the anti-conscription movement have been underestimated. The 1914 home rule crisis significantly impacted on the Germans’ view of the Irish and conditioned the treatment of Irish P.O.W.s from December 1914 onwards. In addition, the post-1916 Rising executions and the conscription crisis had a severe impact on Irish front-line units, while also sapping the morale of other British combatants. The 1916 Rising might have been dismissed as a military operation conceived by a handful of republicans, with little support from the wider population, but the conscription crisis brought about widespread defiance towards British rule throughout the whole of nationalist Ireland. In line with British public opinion, British front-line officers and men strongly resented Ireland’s refusal to support the war effort at such a crucial moment. The consequence was the widespread targeting and stigmatisation of their Irish comrades-in-arms. Some British officers and men resorted to a form of psychological pressure, aimed at the public shaming of Irish troops. This article draws on new primary sources available at The National Archives in London, Dublin City Archives and University of Leeds Library to argue that the 1916 Rising was not the only political event in Ireland to have repercussions for Irish battalions fighting in the First World War.

scholarly journals KONKĖ: THE FIRST PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN VILNIUS

Transport ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Jurgis Vanagas
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
First World War ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
The City ◽  
First World

The first public rail transport in the world started functioning in 1820. Like everywhere at that time, horsedrawn coaches heaved on tracks were the most popular. The first horse-drawn tram started carrying passengers in the industrial region of Wales, England. Starting from 1893, three the so called konkė lines of such a tram started operating in Vilnius. Although the ticket was expensive to the city residents of those days, however, they intensively used this kind of transport: in 1909, 2.6 million passengers were transported. Although attempts to replace horse drawn-vehicles by internal combustion engines after the First World War were made, this form of transport was found to be irrational and soon gave the way to buses. Initiative for the trams equipped with electric motors was shortly defeated in Vilnius: lack of funds was felt, and confusion in the administration of the city was predominating. For the period 1915–1920, the local government changed very frequently. In 1926, konkė tracks were dismantled. Its remains still can be seen at the enclosures of the embankment of the Vilnia (Vilnios upė) confluence. The coaches were sold for suburban residents that erected small cattle-sheds for domestic animals.

scholarly journals Mapping Damascus during the First World War. A German-Ottoman Cooperation of Cartography, Archaeology and Military?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Sebastian Willert
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
First World War ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
World War ◽  
Inspector General ◽  
Paradoxical Situation ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
The City ◽  
First World

Abstract. In 1916, the German museum director and archaeologist Theodor Wiegand travelled to the Near East and became “Inspector General of Antiquities in Syria” as head of the 19th Bureau within the IV Ottoman Army under Ahmed Cemal Pasha. In the post-war period the formation was called “German Turkish Commando for Monument Protection”, though it consisted mainly of German archaeologists and architects who dedicated themselves to the preservation of antique sites and the collection of antiquities. To investigate the region, the scientists also used Bavarian Flying-Detachments and had aerial photographs taken. The Commando enquired, preserved, and surveyed ancient sites. However, the scientists were also involved in mapping important sites and cities such as Damascus. For this purpose, the archaeologists not only conducted trigonometrical surveys but also used aerial photographs to complement the results taken on the ground.Against the background of the German-Ottoman cooperation and the involvement of experts such as archaeologists and architects, the paper analyses the – occasionally paradoxical – situation in which the actors dedicated themselves to map the city of Damascus. The contribution answers the question whether the map was developed to visualize ancient buildings and structures in Damascus for preservation purposes or was rather produced due to military objectives. In a helix of overlapping or rivalling aims and agendas of the German and Ottoman archaeology, military and politics it shows attempts, measures and intentions aiming at the production of maps during the First World War.

scholarly journals Bohdan Janusz – polsko-ukraiński miłośnik historii i pamiętnikarz o początkach Wielkiej Wojny

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 62-80
Author(s):  
Paweł Woś ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Emotional Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The City ◽  
First World

The article presents the social and political face of Lviv during the First World War, based on the memoirs of Bohdan Janusz. The notes covering the initial period of the war from the perspective of a Polish-Ukrainian researcher of the culture and past of Lviv and Eastern Galicia present not only the strong emotional context of the described events, but also fully reflect the atmosphere in the city. The diversification of the transmission of the ego-documents, due to the social status of their author, allows a much closer look at the collective portrait of the inhabitants of Lviv.

New Liberalism and the City of London: Reassessing Empire, Finance, and Politics in Francis Hirst’s Economist, 1906–16

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Zevin
Keyword(s):  
Social Reform ◽  
First World War ◽  
British Politics ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Run Up ◽  
The Moment ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City ◽  
First World

Abstract The influence of the City of London on British politics has been a focus of controversy among historians. Likewise, the ‘death of liberal England’, during the years in which Liberals governed in the run-up to the First World War. The Economist, as the City’s leading liberal weekly, allows us to explore the connection between these themes, in ways that challenge scholarly assumptions about both. Under Francis Hirst, its editor and an influential New Liberal thinker in his own right, The Economist acted as a bridge between the realms of finance capital and political practice, at just the moment that a serious conflict appeared to divide them—over the new taxes and social reform measures in the People’s Budget of 1909–10. This article deploys Hirst and his tenure at The Economist—including his ejection in 1916 for supporting a negotiated peace during the First World War—to argue that finance and politics were deeply intertwined in liberal understandings of free trade, empire, and social reform by the turn of the twentieth century; in addition, it suggests that the conflicts that emerged at this time, over the interests of the City and how and if these were compatible with other economic, social, or political aims or actors, prefigured later, better-known clashes that have recurred in Britain down to the present.

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