scholarly journals Effectiveness of calcium hydroxide in reducing bacterial load comparing with chemo-mechanical preparation- A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
SaiSiva Naga GayathriNaidu ◽  
B Vikram Simha ◽  
Koka Krishna Mohan ◽  
Rammohan Modem ◽  
Kommineni Harish Chowdary
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Mechanical Preparation ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: To determine and compare to what extent the intra-canal medicament like calcium hydroxide along with chemo-mechanical preparation reduces the bacterial load in infected root canals. Methodology: PubMed Cental, Medline, Google Scholar and hand search was carried out using the keywords calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) , intra-canal medicament(ICM) and chemo-mechanical preparation. Selection Criteria: Clinical trials in which bacterial samples were evaluated at 3 intervals (Baseline, after chemo-mechanical preparation, after dressing with intra canal medicament ICM and trials which use Ca(OH)2 with any vehicle as ICM, but not compared with any other ICM were selected for this review. The data collection form was customized. The primary outcome measures were reduction of bacterial populations in infected root canals. Results: Seven clinical trials that met all inclusion criteria involving 117 participants were reviewed. Included studies showed significant difference in bacterial reduction after chemo-mechanical preparation and placement of Ca(OH)2 dressing for a week. In all included trials, Ca(OH)2 reduced bacterial load further compared with chemo-mechanical preparation. Conclusion: Ca(OH)2 as an inter-appointment medication promoted further decrease in the bacterial bioburden to levels significantly below those achieved by the chemo-mechanical procedures alone. Intra-canal medicament such as Ca(OH)2 should be considered for bacterial reduction along with chemo-mechanical preparation for long term success. Key Words: Intra-canal medicament, calcium hydroxide, Root canal treatment, bacterial load, Pulpitis

scholarly journals Prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis in infected root canals and their susceptibility to endodontic treatment procedures: A molecular study

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Stojanovic ◽  
Jelena Krunic ◽  
Branka Popovic ◽  
Sonja Stojicic ◽  
Slavoljub Zivkovic
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Endodontic Infection ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction. Because apical periodontitis is recognizably an infectious disease, elimination or reduction of intracanal bacteria is of utmost importance for optimum treatment outcome. Objective. The prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis in infected root canals was studied Also, the effect of endodontic therapy by using intracanal medicaments, calcium hydroxide paste (CH) or gutta-percha points containing calcium hydroxide (CH-GP) or chlorhexidine (CHX-GP) on these microorganisms was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Methods. Fifty-one patients with chronic apical periodontitis were randomly allocated in one of the following groups according to the intracanal medicament used: CH, CH-GP and CHX-GP group. Bacterial samples were taken upon access (S1), after chemomechanical instrumentation (S2) and after 15-day medication (S3). PCR assay was used to detect the presence of selected bacteria. Results. E. faecalis was detected in 49% (25/51) and P. gingivalis in 17.6% (9/51) of the samples. Samples which showed no bacterial presence at S1 were excluded from further analysis. Overall analysis of all 29 samples revealed significant differences between S1 and S2 (p<0.001), S2 and S3 (p<0.05), and S1 and S3 (p<0.001). When distinction was made between the intracanal medications, there was a significant difference in the number of PCR positive samples between S1 and S2, S1 and S3, but not between S2 and S3 samples. Conclusion. E. faecalis is more prevalent than P. gingivalis in primary endodontic infection. Intracanal medication in conduction with instrumentation and irrigation efficiently eliminates E. faecalis and P. gingivalis from infected root canals.

scholarly journals To Compare the Bacterial Reduction from the Infected Root Canals Using ProTaper Universal, WaveOne and NeoNiTi Instrumentation Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Renubala Sroa ◽  
Baljeet Sidhu ◽  
Neha Mengi ◽  
Sarbjot Singh ◽  
Maheep Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Infected Root

scholarly journals Effects of Contemporary Irrigant Activation Schemes and Subsequent Placement of an Interim Dressing on Bacterial Presence and Activity in Root Canals Associated with Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre P. L. Carvalho ◽  
Laura C. L. Nardello ◽  
Fernanda S. Fernandes ◽  
Fernanda P. Bruno ◽  
Luiza R. Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Mechanical Preparation ◽  
Root Canal Disinfection

New tools for activating endodontic irrigants have evolved, yet their impact on root canal disinfection, in comparison to the passive placing of an inter-visit medication, have not yet been fully elucidated. The use of DNA- and rRNA-based methods may cast some new light on this issue, as they allow a comparison to be made between microbial presence and activity. Therefore, the aim of this single-arm intervention trial is to evaluate the antibacterial effect of endodontic procedures using both molecular methods. Root canal samples were obtained from 20 patients with asymptomatic apical periodontitis after each treatment step: access cavity, chemo-mechanical preparation, adjunctive procedures (XP-endo Finisher file and passive ultrasonic irrigation), calcium hydroxide medication, and 2nd-visit root canal preparation. DNA and cDNA from the samples were subjected to quantitative polymerase chain reaction with universal primers for the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Chemo-mechanical preparation promoted a drastic reduction in bacterial levels and activity, whereas the adjunctive procedures did not make a significant contribution to further disinfection. At the 2nd visit, bacteria were active after the use of calcium hydroxide medication; however, they were significantly reduced after a 2nd-visit preparation. Consequently, the lowest bacterial levels were found at the end of the treatment. This clinical trial, which used an rRNA and rDNA combined approach, confirmed previous studies showing that root canal preparation represents the main strategy for root canal disinfection.

scholarly journals Periradicular repair after two-visit endodontic treatment using two different intracanal medications compared to single-visit endodontic treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana M. Vieira Silveira ◽  
Hélio P. Lopes ◽  
José F. Siqueira Jr ◽  
Sérgio B. Macedo ◽  
Alberto Consolaro
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Single Visit ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Infected Root

The number of appointments necessary to treat infected root canals is one of the most controversial issues in endodontics. This study evaluated, in dogs, the response of the periradicular tissues to the endodontic treatment of infected root canals performed in a single visit or in two visits, using different interappointment dressings. Periradicular lesions were induced by inoculating Enterococcus faecalis in the root canals. After confirming that a periradicular lesion developed, the root canals were treated within one or two visits, using either ozonized oil or calcium hydroxide in camphorated paramonochlorophenol (CMCP) as an intracanal medication. After 6 months, the animals were sacrificed and the specimens were processed for histological and histobacteriological analysis. The root canals treated in a single visit showed a success rate of 46%. When a calcium hydroxide/CMCP-based interappointment intracanal medication was used, 74% of the cases were categorized as success. In cases where ozonized oil was used as the intracanal medication, a success rate of 77% was observed. These results of the present study demonstrated that the two-visit treatment offered a higher success rate compared to one-visit therapy. In addition, ozonized oil may potentially be used as an intracanal medication.

scholarly journals The effect of triple antibiotic paste as an intracanal medication with an anti-inflammatory drug on post-operative pain of asymptomatic uniradicular necrotic teeth: a double blind randomized clinical trial

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1687
Author(s):  
Mohamed Omaia ◽  
Maged Negm ◽  
Yousra Nashaat ◽  
Nehal Nabil ◽  
Amal Othman
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Treatment Session ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Inflammatory Drug ◽  
Mechanical Preparation ◽  
Triple Antibiotic Paste ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Flare-ups may occur after root canal treatment which consist of acute exacerbation of asymptomatic pulpal and/or periradicular pathologic condition. The causative factors of interappointment pain include mechanical, chemical or microbial irritation to the pulp or periradicular tissues. The potential role of microorganisms in interappointment pain is why the success of endodontic treatment depends on complete eradication of microorganisms capable of causing an intraradicular or extraradicular infection. This can be achieved by mechanical cleaning and shaping, in conjunction with irrigation and antibacterial agents. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of triple antibiotic paste with the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac potassium versus calcium hydroxide used as an intra-canal medication in reducing post-operative pain. Methods: 84 patients with asymptomatic uniradicular necrotic teeth were randomly assigned into two groups according to the intra-canal medication used: calcium hydroxide group (CH) and triple antibiotic paste with diclofenac potassium group (TAPC). In the first treatment session, intracoronal cavity preparation was performed after rubber dam isolation followed by chemo-mechanical preparation using rotary Protaper Universal files with saline irrigation followed by intra-canal medication placement then postoperative pain was assessed at 24, 48 and 72 hours postoperatively using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). In the second treatment session, intracanal medications were removed by irrigation using saline followed by obturation. Results: Both intracanal medicaments resulted in a statistically significant decrease in mean pain value from 24 to 48 and 72 hours postoperatively. While when comparing both groups, TAPC intracanal medication showed less post-operative pain compared to that of the CH group at 24, 48 and 72 hours with a statistically significant difference at 48 hours only. Conclusion: Both intracanal medicaments were efficient in reducing post-operative pain in asymptomatic uniradicular necrotic teeth. Trial registration: Clinicaltrial.gov NCT02907489, 20/09/2016.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the WaveOne Gold and One Shape New Generation in Reducing Enterococcus faecalis from Root Canal

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Esmeralda Guillén ◽  
Cleber Keiti Nabeshima ◽  
Hector Caballero-Flores ◽  
Miguel Roig Cayón ◽  
Montse Mercadé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
File Systems ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Single File ◽  
Bacterial Removal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
New Generation

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the WaveOne Gold and One Shape New Generation systems regarding the bacterial removal from root canals infected with Enterococcus faecalis by comparing them to the conventional WaveOne and One Shape systems. Forty-eight distobuccal root canals of maxillary molars sterilized with ethylene oxide were infected with E. faecalis for 21 days, and then root canal initial bacterial sample was collected with paper cones and plated on M-enterococcus agar. The specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the instrumentation: WaveOne Gold, One Shape New Generation, WaveOne and One Shape. After instrumentation, samples were collected with use of scraping and paper cones at immediate and 7 days after instrumentation. The bacterial reduction was calculated and then made intragroup analysis by Friedman test and intergroup analysis by Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s post-hoc test, all at 5% significance. All techniques significantly reduced the number of bacteria in the root canal (p<0.05). WaveOne Gold and One Shape New Generation promoted higher bacterial reduction than WaveOne and One Shape systems (p<0.05), but no significant difference was found between WaveOne Gold and One Shape New Generation or between WaveOne and One Shape (p>0.05). Novel single-file systems promote better bacterial removal than the conventional single-file systems.

Comparison of the Antibacterial Effect of Modified 3-mix Paste versus Ultrapex over Anaerobic Microorganisms from Infected Root Canals of Primary Teeth

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Velasco-Loera ◽  
Y De Alba-Vazquez ◽  
A Garrocho-Rangel ◽  
AM Gonzalez-Amaro ◽  
H Flores-Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Canal Filling ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microbial Samples

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial efficacy of a modified 3-mix paste and to compare it with an iodoform paste (Ultrapex) against anaerobic microorganisms isolated from root canals of infected or necrotic primary teeth. Study design: An in vitro experimental assay was performed over isolated and identified anaerobic microorganisms of 21 samples, in order to compare the antimicrobial ability of both root canal filling materials, using a disc-diffusion method. Results: A total of 21 microbial samples (15 polymicrobial and 6 monomicrobial) were obtained, from which 19 different strains were identified. Modified 3-mix paste showed an excellent antimicrobial effect against most of both kinds of microbial samples, although some of them exhibited resistance; on the other hand, Ultrapex showed only minimal antimicrobial ability (null or low categories). Clostridium ramosum exhibited the most resistance to both materials. Conclusion: The bactericidal effect of the modified 3-mix paste was superior to Ultrapex, with a statistically significant difference, against anaerobic microorganisms isolated from infected root canals of primary teeth.

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