Mental Disorders Associated With Neurological Diseases

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases

scholarly journals Pharmacogenetics of carbamazepine

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Shnayder ◽  
E. N. Bochanova ◽  
D. V. Dmitrenko ◽  
R. F. Nasyrova
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Tricyclic Antidepressants ◽  
Neurological Diseases

Carbamazepine (CMZ) is a drug from the group of anticonvulsants, similar in chemical structure to tricyclic antidepressants. CMZ is widely used for mental disorders and neurological diseases. The lecture discusses the safety of CMZ in respect to personalized medicine, while considering the pharmacogenetic profile of the patient.The authors declare about the absence of conflict of interest with respect to this publication. All authors contributed equally to this article.

FEATURES OF MENTAL DISORDERS IN NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 335-342
Author(s):  
Igo’r V. Damulin ◽  
D. V Romanov ◽  
I. V Ninoy
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Neurological Pathology

The deals with the features of mental disorders in neurological diseases - dementia, epilepsy, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases, multiple sclerosis. It is emphasized that psychopathological syndromes are not pathognomony for certain neurological diseases. Among the signs that help in the correct diagnosis of mental disorders caused by neurological pathology, their sudden occurrence on heteronomy soil with very variable and atypical for mental diseases of clinical manifestations, the absence of aggravated by mental illness (including family) history, resistance to the drugs commonly used in psychiatric pathology, the patient’s intake of drugs, among side effects which are mental disorders. In the diagnosis, the key is the correct assessment of neurological status, its dynamics, as well as confirmed by paraclinical research methods, in patients with neurological diseases, which in themselves can lead to the development of mental disorders. However, ignoring the features of mental disorders, the lack of a clinically adjusted approach to this category of patients, difficulties in highlighting the most significant symptoms, can lead to misdiagnosis. Therefore, it is so important to know not only the neurological manifestations of certain neurological diseases, but also to properly navigate their mental manifestations. To solve this problem, it is necessary to closely interact psychiatrists with neurologists. Only with this condition will it be possible to effectively help the patient.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for the Development of Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria D. Pappa ◽  
Nikolaos V. Theodosiadis ◽  
Andreas Tsounis ◽  
Pavlos Sarafis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Number Of Patients

BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that a large number of patients undergoing surgery show a measurable cognitive deterioration after surgery, while many of them still show cognitive deficits even three months later an operation. These specific cognitive deficits in which there is a temporal association between surgery and mental disorders are defined as postoperative impairment of cognitive function. Among cognitive disorders occurring during the postoperative period, the post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is less studied.AIM: Risk factors concerning POCD will be overviewed in order to be considered as a measure of prevention of POCD.METHOD: A literature search using combined keywords was undertaken on bibliographic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus and through systematic selection 72 scientific articles were identified. Concerning the selection criteria, the material of this study consists of sources published mainly over the last fifteen years, while some articles that published before 2000 were selected because they were considered to be important.RESULTS: These disorders frequently occur in patients of advanced age. It is obvious that as the population of humanity ages, many older people are likely to develop health problems that require surgery and therefore a large number of people are likely to develop post-operative cognitive disorders. For the appearance of POCD, as for other mental disorders (e.g. delirium), several factors are implicated. According to the findings, except the advanced age, genetic polymorphism, idiosyncratic condition, the presence of metabolic syndrome and neurological diseases, the type of anaesthesia and surgical operation and sleep disturbance are among the most important risk factors.

scholarly journals Prospects for studying the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenetics of vitamin C in patients with neurological diseases and mental disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-82
Author(s):  
P. S. Goncharova ◽  
T. K. Davydova ◽  
N. G. Zhukova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Role ◽  
C Metabolism

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is a vital nutrient that belongs to the group of antioxidants. Vitamin C plays an important role in the functioning of the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), including maturation and differentiation of neurons, formation of myelin, synthesis of catecholamines, modulation of neurotransmission and antioxidant protection. Neurological diseases and mental disorders are characterized by increased generation of free radicals. At the same time, the highest concentrations of vitamin C are found in the brain and neuroendocrine tissues. It is believed that vitamin C can affect the age of debut and the course of many neurological diseases and mental disorders. However, its potential therapeutic role continues to be studied. The efficacy and safety of vitamin C is likely influenced by the pharmacogenetic profile of the patient, including the carriage of single-nucleotide variants (SNVS), candidate genes associated with vitamin C metabolism in the human body in normal and neuropsychic disorders. The purpose of this thematic review is to update current knowledge about the role of vitamin C pharmacogenetics in the efficacy and safety of its use in neurological diseases (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, etc.) and mental disorders (depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, etc.). Special attention is paid to the possibility of translating the results of pharmacogenetic studies into real clinical practice in neurology and psychiatry.

scholarly journals Occurrence of pathogenic and endophytic fungi and their influence on quality of medicinal plants applied in management of neurological diseases and mental disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wielgusz ◽  
Lidia Irzykowska
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Herbal Plants

Summary Due to increasing demand of medicinal plants (MPs), quality and safety more attention to the plant health should be paid. Among herb pathogens, especially fungi cause serious diseases in these plants decreasing yield and quality of herbal raw material. Some species, i.e. Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp. are known as mycotoxin producers. Paradoxically, self-treatment with herbal raw material can expose the patient to mycotoxin activity. In tissues of some MPs species, asymptomatically endophytic fungi residue. It is known that they are able to influence a biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in their host plant or produce biologically active compounds. Until recently these microorganisms have been neglected as a component of MPs, the reason why there have unexplored bioactivity and biodiversity. The paper presents an overview of herbal plants that are used in the treatment of nervous system diseases. Pathogenic fungi that infect these plants are described. It focused mainly on species producing harmful mycotoxins. The publication presents a list of these mycotoxins and a brief description of their effects on human health. The second part of this article provides information on the occurrence of endophytic fungi in herbal plants and their effects on human health. Coexistence of fungi and medicinal plants is not fully understood but can be crucial to ensure health and safety of patients with neurological diseases and mental disorders.

Phytochemical and biological aspects of Rudraksha, the stony endocarp of Elaeocarpus ganitrus (Roxb.): a review

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balbir Singh ◽  
Mohan Paul Singh Ishar ◽  
Anupam Sharma ◽  
Rohit Arora ◽  
Saroj Arora
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Hindu Religion ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pharmacology And Toxicology ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Circulatory Disorders

Rudraksha, the stony endocarp of Elaeocarpus ganitrus (Roxb.) (Elaeocarpaceae), is known for its ethnopharmacological and spiritual importance in Hindu religion. It is traditionally used to cure melancholia, mental disorders, convulsions, cephalalgia, allergies, neurological diseases, asthma, diabetes, cancer, stress and many other blood circulatory disorders. The Elaeocarpus genus contains more than 50 constituents, which are responsible for the pharmacological and biological activities of this plant. Among these constituents, alkaloids, flavonoids and phenols are considered to contribute to its pharmacological importance. The present review sums the current state of knowledge concerning the ethnopharmacology, chemical composition, pharmacology and toxicology of E. ganitrus (Roxb.).

MENTAL AND COMORBID CHRONIC SOMATIC DISEASES IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Shmakova O.P.
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Comorbid Diseases ◽  
Chronic Somatic Diseases ◽  
Orthopedic Diseases ◽  
Somatic Diseases

The need to analyze the phenomenon of a combination of diseases of various nature is dictated by its high prevalence and insufficient knowledge; it is known, that their comorbidity aggravates the course of the underlying disease, worsening its prognosis. Information about comorbidity is insufficiently systematized, materials about particular combinations of certain mental disorders with somatic ones prevail, there is clearly not enough information about the coexistence of mental and somato-neurological pathology recorded in children and adolescents. Objective: to study the prevalence and nosological distribution of chronic somatic, neurological, infectious comorbid diseases detected in children and adolescents suffering from mental disorders; analyze the social adaptation of these patients. Material and methods. We examined 602 patients, 410 boys (68%) and 192 (32%) girls, who were observed on an outpatient basis in one of the neuropsychiatric dispensaries in Moscow. The study included only cases of a combination of mental and chronic somatic, neurological, infectious and other diseases. To rank patients according to the level of social functioning in adolescence, the «Map of registration of social skills and abilities of adolescents with chronic mental disorders» was used. Research methods: clinical-psychopathological, statistical. Results. The most common comorbid pathology was orthopedic diseases, in the second place was the pathology of vision, in the third place was endocrine pathology, the fourth place was taken by neurological diseases, the fifth place was the pathology of the ENT organs. In combinations of mental and comorbid disorders, pathogenetic variants were observed: 1. comorbid diseases accompanied mental disorder; 2.comorbid and mental disorders were pathogenetically associated with each other, or occurred as a result of a single primary disorder or disease; 3. somatic diseases were mental complications; 4. The occurrence of somatic diseases was explained by the side effects of psychotropic therapy. The severity of social inadequacy depended both on the severity of mental pathology and on the severity and number of somatic diseases. A comorbid disorder can cause more significant difficulties in certain areas of life than the underlying disease. Conclusion. Comorbidity is a multicomponent negative phenomenon. To reduce the incidence of comorbid pathology and achieve its maximum compensation, a multidisciplinary approach is required.

scholarly journals Editorial: Mental Disorders Associated With Neurological Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yang ◽  
Chunxue Wang ◽  
Yutao Xiang ◽  
Jun Lu ◽  
Thomas Penzel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases
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