Oral Microbiome and Inflammation Connection to Systemic Health

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Systemic Health

scholarly journals Editorial: Oral Microbiome and Inflammation Connection to Systemic Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loreto Abusleme ◽  
Ana Carolina Morandini ◽  
Tomomi Hashizume-Takizawa ◽  
Sinem Esra Sahingur
Keyword(s):  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Systemic Health

scholarly journals Oral Microbiome of Children Living in an Isolated Area in Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Nomura ◽  
Ryoko Otsuka ◽  
Ryo Hasegawa ◽  
Nobuhiro Hanada
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
The Core ◽  
Hypervariable Regions ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Supragingival Plaque ◽  
Systemic Health ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Several studies have shown that the oral microbiome is related to systemic health, and a co-relation with several specific diseases has been suggested. The oral microbiome depends on environmental- and community-level factors. In this observational study, the oral microbiomes of children of isolated mountain people were analyzed with respect to the core oral microbiome and etiology of dental caries. We collected samples of supragingival plaque from children (age 9–13) living in the Chin state of Myanmar. After DNA extraction and purification, next-generation sequencing of the V3–V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA was conducted. From thirteen subjects, 263,458 valid reads and 640 operational taxonomic units were generated at a 97% identity cut-off value. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria was the most abundant, followed by Firmicutes and Bacteroides. Forty-four bacteria were detected in total from all the subjects. For children without dental caries, Proteobacteria was abundant. In contrast, in children with dental caries, Firmicutes and Bacteroides were abundant. The oral microbiome of children living in an isolated area may be affected by environmental- and community-level factors. Additionally, the composition of the oral microbiome may affect the risk of dental caries.

scholarly journals Assessing the variation within the oral microbiome of healthy adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob T. Nearing ◽  
Vanessa DeClercq ◽  
Johan Van Limbergen ◽  
Morgan G.I. Langille
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Biological Factor ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Sequence Variants ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Human Oral Cavity ◽  
Systemic Health

AbstractOver 1000 different species of microbes have been found to live within the human oral cavity where they play important roles in maintaining both oral and systemic health. Several studies have identified the core members of this microbial community, however, the factors that determine oral microbiome composition are not well understood. In this study we exam the salivary oral microbiome of 1049 Atlantic Canadians using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in order to determine which dietary, lifestyle, and anthropometric features play a role in shaping microbial community composition. Features that were identified as being significantly associated with overall composition were then additionally examined for genera and amplicon sequence variants that were associated with these features. Several associations were replicated in an additional secondary validation dataset. Overall, we found that several anthropometric measurements including waist hip ratio, height, and fat free mass, as well as age and sex, were associated with oral microbiome composition in both our exploratory and validation cohorts. We were unable to validate dietary impacts on the oral microbiome but did find evidence to suggest potential contributions from factors such as the number of vegetable and refined grain servings an individual consumes. Interestingly, each one of these factors on their own were associated with only minor shifts in the oral microbiome suggesting that future biomarker identification for several diseases associated with the oral microbiome may be undertaken without the worry of confounding factors obscuring biological signal.ImportanceThe human oral cavity is inhabited by a diverse community of microbes known as the human oral microbiome. These microbes play a role in maintaining both oral and systemic health and as such have been proposed to be useful biomarkers of disease. However, to identify these biomarkers, we first need to determine the composition and variation of the healthy oral microbiome. Within this report we investigate the oral microbiome of 1049 healthy individuals to determine which genera and amplicon sequence variants are commonly found between individual oral microbiomes. We then further investigate how lifestyle, anthropometric, and dietary choices impact overall microbiome composition. Interestingly, the results from this investigation showed that while many features were significantly associated with oral microbiome composition no single biological factor explained a variation larger than 2%. These results indicate that future work on biomarker detection may be encourage by the lack of strong confounding factors.

scholarly journals Metagenomic and Metatranscriptomic Insight Into Oral Biofilms in Periodontitis and Related Systemic Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Huang ◽  
Xinyuan Zhao ◽  
Li Cui ◽  
Shaohong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Oral Biofilms ◽  
Systemic Health ◽  
Insight Into

The oral microbiome is one of the most complex microbial communities in the human body and is closely related to oral and systemic health. Dental plaque biofilms are the primary etiologic factor of periodontitis, which is a common chronic oral infectious disease. The interdependencies that exist among the resident microbiota constituents in dental biofilms and the interaction between pathogenic microorganisms and the host lead to the occurrence and progression of periodontitis. Therefore, accurately and comprehensively detecting periodontal organisms and dissecting their corresponding functional activity characteristics are crucial for revealing periodontitis pathogenesis. With the development of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, the composition and structure of microbial communities as well as the overall functional characteristics of the flora can be fully profiled and revealed. In this review, we will critically examine the currently available metagenomic and metatranscriptomic evidence to bridge the gap between microbial dysbiosis and periodontitis and related systemic diseases.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Networks Linking Oral Microbiome with Systemic Health and Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 1131-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Kleinstein ◽  
K.E. Nelson ◽  
M. Freire
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Diseased State ◽  
Systemic Health

The dance between microbes and the immune system takes place in all biological systems, including the human body, but this interaction is especially complex in the primary gateway to the body: the oral cavity. Recent advances in technology have enabled deep sequencing and analysis of members and signals of these communities. In a healthy state, the oral microbiome is composed of commensals, and their genes and phenotypes may be selected by the immune system to survive in symbiosis. These highly regulated signals are modulated by a network of microbial and host metabolites. However, in a diseased state, host-microbial networks lead to dysbiosis and considerable burden to the host prior to systemic impact that extends beyond the oral compartment. Interestingly, we presented data demonstrating similarities between human and mice immune dysbiosis and discussed how this affects the host response to similar pathobionts. The host and microbial signatures of a number of disease states are currently being examined to identify potential correlations. How the oral microbiome interacts with inflammation and the immune system to cause disease remains an area of active research. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in understanding the role of oral microbiota in mediating inflammation and altering systemic health and disease. In line with these findings, it is possible that existing conditions may be resolved by targeting specific immune-microbial markers in a positive way.

scholarly journals Salivary microbiome with gastroesophageal reflux disease and treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Kawar ◽  
Seon Gyeong Park ◽  
Joel L. Schwartz ◽  
Nicholas Callahan ◽  
Ales Obrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Dental Erosion ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Prevotella Melaninogenica ◽  
Systemic Health

AbstractThe effect of oral microbial composition on periodontal health and on systemic health has been, and is being established. The oral microbiome, in turn, can be altered by local and systemic diseases and conditions. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), has been associated with increased acidity in the oral cavity resulting in dental erosion, and controversially a reduced risk of periodontal disease. We hypothesized that presence of GERD was linked to a modified microbial profile in untreated GERD patients and that the use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs: potent disruptors of gut microbiome, in GERD patients might result in a salivary microbiome that is further distinct. Untreated GERD patients showed multiple differences in salivary microbiome as compared to healthy controls. Taxa found at lower levels related to the presence of GERD not treated by PPI included: Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella pallens, Leptotrichia, and Solobacterium moorei and thirteen others. In contrast, GERD patients chronically using PPI showed minimal differences in salivary taxa compared to healthy controls not using PPI.

scholarly journals Assessing the Variation within the Oral Microbiome of Healthy Adults

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob T. Nearing ◽  
Vanessa DeClercq ◽  
Johan Van Limbergen ◽  
Morgan G. I. Langille
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Biological Factor ◽  
Sequence Variants ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Human Oral Cavity ◽  
Systemic Health

ABSTRACT More than 1,000 different species of microbes have been found to live within the human oral cavity, where they play important roles in maintaining both oral and systemic health. Several studies have identified the core members of this microbial community; however, the factors that determine oral microbiome composition are not well understood. In this study, we exam the salivary oral microbiome of 1,049 Atlantic Canadians using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to determine which dietary, lifestyle, and anthropometric features play a role in shaping microbial community composition. Features that were identified as being significantly associated with overall composition then were additionally examined for genera, amplicon sequence variants, and predicted pathway abundances that were associated with these features. Several associations were replicated in an additional secondary validation data set. Overall, we found that several anthropometric measurements, including waist-hip ratio (WHR), height, and fat-free mass, as well as age and sex, were associated with overall oral microbiome structure in both our exploratory and validation data sets. We were unable to validate any dietary impacts on overall taxonomic oral microbiome composition but did find evidence to suggest potential contributions from factors such as the number of vegetable and refined grain servings an individual consumes. Interestingly, each one of these factors on its own was associated with only minor shifts in the overall taxonomic composition of the oral microbiome, suggesting that future biomarker identification for several diseases associated with the oral microbiome can be undertaken without the worry of confounding factors obscuring biological signals. IMPORTANCE The human oral cavity is inhabited by a diverse community of microbes, known as the human oral microbiome. These microbes play a role in maintaining both oral and systemic health and, as such, have been proposed to be useful biomarkers of disease. However, to identify these biomarkers, we first need to determine the composition and variation of the healthy oral microbiome. In this report, we investigate the oral microbiome of 1,049 healthy individuals to determine which genera and amplicon sequence variants are commonly found between individual oral microbiomes. We then further investigate how lifestyle, anthropometric, and dietary choices impact overall microbiome composition. Interestingly, the results from this investigation showed that while many features were significantly associated with oral microbiome composition, no single biological factor explained a variation larger than 2%. These results indicate that future work on biomarker detection may be encouraged by the lack of strong confounding factors.

scholarly journals UTILITY OF HERBS WITH ITS PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETER IN ORAL HEALTH: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1507-1510
Author(s):  
Gupta N. D ◽  
Jain S. S.
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Physicochemical Parameter ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Oral Microflora ◽  
Oral Pain ◽  
Systemic Health ◽  
Micro Organisms

Oral hygiene is the key to one's healthy life. Maintaining oral hygiene is directly related to the body's first line of defence mechanism. It maintains both oral as well as systemic health. Oral microflora plays a very important role in oral hygiene. It is a complex ecosystem of several species of micro-organisms such as streptococci, Neisseria, Veillonella, Actinomyces and other obligate anaerobes. This microbiome is mainly affected by an acidic diet and the acidic environment of the oral cavity. Poor oral hygiene decreases the rate of survival of the oral microbiome and causes dental caries, periodontal diseases, halitosis oral pain & discomfort. Hence, it becomes very essential to maintain the environment of oral cavity friendly to oral microflora. Ayurveda is the science of preserving one’s health has described various herbs to maintain oral hygiene such as Khadira (Catechu tree), Sunthi (Ginger), Da- ruharidra (Indian Berbery), Tankana (Borax), etc. But, to attain its global acceptability physicochemical parameter is used to describe their action. Based on physicochemical parameters herbs seem to be effective in the maintenance of oral hygiene and can reduce the chances of oral diseases. Keywords: Oral hygiene, Oral microflora, physicochemical parameter, pH, etc.

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