scholarly journals Metagenomic and Metatranscriptomic Insight Into Oral Biofilms in Periodontitis and Related Systemic Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Huang ◽  
Xinyuan Zhao ◽  
Li Cui ◽  
Shaohong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Oral Biofilms ◽  
Systemic Health ◽  
Insight Into

The oral microbiome is one of the most complex microbial communities in the human body and is closely related to oral and systemic health. Dental plaque biofilms are the primary etiologic factor of periodontitis, which is a common chronic oral infectious disease. The interdependencies that exist among the resident microbiota constituents in dental biofilms and the interaction between pathogenic microorganisms and the host lead to the occurrence and progression of periodontitis. Therefore, accurately and comprehensively detecting periodontal organisms and dissecting their corresponding functional activity characteristics are crucial for revealing periodontitis pathogenesis. With the development of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, the composition and structure of microbial communities as well as the overall functional characteristics of the flora can be fully profiled and revealed. In this review, we will critically examine the currently available metagenomic and metatranscriptomic evidence to bridge the gap between microbial dysbiosis and periodontitis and related systemic diseases.

scholarly journals The Oral Microbiota Is Modified by Systemic Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.T. Graves ◽  
J.D. Corrêa ◽  
T.A. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Leukocyte Adhesion ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Periodontal Bone Loss

Periodontal diseases are initiated by bacteria that accumulate in a biofilm on the tooth surface and affect the adjacent periodontal tissue. Systemic diseases such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) increase susceptibility to destructive periodontal diseases. In human studies and in animal models, these diseases have been shown to enhance inflammation in the periodontium and increase the risk or severity of periodontitis. All 3 systemic diseases are linked to a decrease in bacterial taxa associated with health and an increase in taxa associated with disease. Although there is controversy regarding the specific oral bacterial changes associated with each disease, it has been reported that diabetes increases the levels of Capnocytophaga, Porphyromonas, and Pseudomonas, while Prevotella and Selenomonas are increased in RA and Selenomonas, Leptotrichia, and Prevotella in SLE. In an animal model, diabetes increased the pathogenicity of the oral microbiome, as shown by increased inflammation, osteoclastogenesis, and periodontal bone loss when transferred to normal germ-free hosts. Moreover, in diabetic animals, the increased pathogenicity could be substantially reversed by inhibition of IL-17, indicating that host inflammation altered the microbial pathogenicity. Increased IL-17 has also been shown in SLE, RA, and leukocyte adhesion deficiency and may contribute to oral microbial changes in these diseases. Successful RA treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs partially reverses the oral microbial dysbiosis. Together, these data demonstrate that systemic diseases characterized by enhanced inflammation disturb the oral microbiota and point to IL-17 as key mediator in this process.

scholarly journals Oral Dysbiosis in Severe Forms of Periodontitis Is Associated With Gut Dysbiosis and Correlated With Salivary Inflammatory Mediators: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dione Kawamoto ◽  
Rodrigo Borges ◽  
Rodolfo Alvarenga Ribeiro ◽  
Robson Franciso de Souza ◽  
Pâmela Pontes Penas Amado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Inflammatory Mediator ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Haemophilus Parainfluenzae ◽  
Oral Biofilms ◽  
Inflammatory Chemokines ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Microbiome Data

Inflammation is a driven force in modulating microbial communities, but little is known about the interplay between colonizing microorganisms and the immune response in periodontitis. Since local and systemic inflammation may play a whole role in disease, we aimed to evaluate the oral and fecal microbiome of patients with periodontitis and to correlate the oral microbiome data with levels of inflammatory mediator in saliva.Methods: Nine patients with periodontitis (P) in Stage 3/Grade B and nine age-matched non-affected controls (H) were evaluated. Microbial communities of oral biofilms (the supra and subgingival from affected and non-affected sites) and feces were determined by sequencing analysis of the 16SrRNA V3–V4 region. Salivary levels of 40 chemokines and cytokines were correlated with oral microbiome data.Results: Supragingival microbial communities of P differed from H (Pielou's evenness index, and Beta diversity, and weighted UniFrac), since relative abundance (RA) of Defluviitaleaceae, Desulfobulbaceae, Mycoplasmataceae, Peptostreococcales-Tissierellales, and Campylobacteraceae was higher in P, whereas Muribaculaceae and Streptococcaceae were more abundant in H. Subgingival non-affected sites of P did not differ from H, except for a lower abundance of Gemellaceae. The microbiome of affected periodontitis sites (PD ≥ 4 mm) clustered apart from the subgingival sites of H. Oral pathobionts was more abundant in sub and supragingival biofilms of P than H. Fecal samples of P were enriched with Acidaminococcus, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Megasphaera, and Romboutsia when compared to H. The salivary levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and inflammatory chemokines were positively correlated with the RA of several recognized and putative pathobionts, whereas the RA of beneficial species, such as Rothia aeria and Haemophilus parainfluenzae was negatively correlated with the levels of Chemokine C-C motif Ligand 2 (CCL2), which is considered protective. Dysbiosis in patients with periodontitis was not restricted to periodontal pockets but was also seen in the supragingival and subgingival non-affected sites and feces. Subgingival dysbiosis revealed microbial signatures characteristic of different immune profiles, suggesting a role for candidate pathogens and beneficial organisms in the inflammatory process of periodontitis.

scholarly journals Oral microbial dysbiosis and its performance in predicting oral cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Chi Su ◽  
Lun-Ching Chang ◽  
Hsien-Da Huang ◽  
Chih-Yu Peng ◽  
Chun-Yi Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Betel Quid Chewing ◽  
Male Patients

Abstract Dysbiosis of oral microbiome may dictate the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Yet, the composition of oral microbiome fluctuates by saliva and distinct sites of oral cavity and is affected by risky behaviors (smoking, drinking and betel quid chewing) and individuals’ oral health condition. To characterize the disturbances in the oral microbial population mainly due to oral tumorigenicity, we profiled the bacteria within the surface of OSCC lesion and its contralateral normal tissue from discovery (n = 74) and validation (n = 42) cohorts of male patients with cancers of the buccal mucosa. Significant alterations in the bacterial diversity and relative abundance of specific oral microbiota (most profoundly, an enrichment for genus Fusobacterium and the loss of genus Streptococcus in the tumor sites) were identified. Functional prediction of oral microbiome shown that microbial genes related to the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides were differentially enriched between the control and tumor groups, indicating a functional role of oral microbiome in formulating a tumor microenvironment via attenuated biosynthesis of secondary metabolites with anti-cancer effects. Furthermore, the vast majority of microbial signatures detected in the discovery cohort was generalized well to the independent validation cohort, and the clinical validity of these OSCC-associated microbes was observed and successfully replicated. Overall, our analyses reveal signatures (a profusion of Fusobacterium nucleatum CTI-2 and a decrease in Streptococcus pneumoniae) and functions (decreased production of tumor-suppressive metabolites) of oral microbiota related to oral cancer.

STUDY OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN MEAT PROCESSING ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Arturovna Semenova ◽  
◽  
Yulia Konstantinovna Yushina ◽  
Maria Alexandrovna Grudistova ◽  
Elena Viktorovna Zaiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Production Environment

The article discusses the results of a study of the microbial diversity of objects in the production environment of two meat processing enterprises, including antibiotic resistance, isolated strains of pathogenic microorganisms and their ability to biofilm formation.

The Oral Microbiome in Health and Its Implication in Oral and Systemic Diseases

2016 ◽  
pp. 171-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sampaio-Maia ◽  
I.M. Caldas ◽  
M.L. Pereira ◽  
D. Pérez-Mongiovi ◽  
R. Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Systemic Diseases

scholarly journals Analysis of Oral Microbiota Revealed High Abundance of Prevotella Intermedia in Gout Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1804-1812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Liu ◽  
Li Cui ◽  
Xinmin Yan ◽  
Xinyuan Zhao ◽  
Jinluo Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Prevotella Intermedia ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
16S Sequencing ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Qpcr Analysis ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
First Time

Background/Aims: Microbes reside in a number of body sites, including the oral cavity, and are associated with the progression of many systemic diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of gout and hyperuricemia (HUA) on the composition of oral microbiomes. Methods: Analysis of the oral microbiota from 12 gout patients, 11 HUA patients, and 19 healthy control subjects was performed using a deep sequencing approach, and validation of significant changes in Prevotella intermedia and Serratia marcescens in new patient cohorts was performed using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results: Our analysis indicated that both gout and HUA significantly altered the composition of the oral microbiome in patients. Patients with gout or HUA had significantly greater levels of salivary Prevotella intermedia but significantly lower levels of Serratia marcescens than healthy control subjects. Conclusion: We demonstrated the association between the oral microbiome and gout and HUA for the first time. In particular, 16S sequencing and qPCR analysis revealed significantly higher levels of oral Prevotella intermedia in gout/HUA patients, which suggests that these patients might be at risk for the development of periodontitis.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Substantivity Properties of Silver Nanoparticles against Oral Microbiomes Clinically Isolated from Young and Young-Adult Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
León Francisco Espinosa-Cristóbal ◽  
Carolina Holguín-Meráz ◽  
Erasto Armando Zaragoza-Contreras ◽  
Rita Elizabeth Martínez-Martínez ◽  
Alejandro Donohue-Cornejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Biofilms

The dental plaque is an oral microbiome hardly associated to be the etiological agent of dental caries and periodontal disease which are still considered serious health public problems. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have demonstrated to have good antimicrobial properties affecting a wide variety of microorganisms, including oral bacteria; however, there is no scientific information that has evaluated the antimicrobial effect of AgNPs against clinical oral biofilms associated with dental caries and periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial and substantivity effects of AgNPs in oral biofilms isolated clinically from patients with dental caries and periodontal disease. Sixty-seven young and young-adult subjects with dental caries and periodontal disease were clinically sampled through the collection of subgingival dental plaque. The inhibitory effect of AgNPs was performed with standard microbiological assays by triplicate using two sizes of particle. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to identify the presence of specific bacterial species. All AgNPs showed an inhibitory effect for all oral biofilms for any age and, generally, any gender (p>0.05); however, the effectiveness of the antimicrobial and substantivity effects was related to particle size, time, and gender (p<0.05). The identified microorganisms were S. mutans, S. sobrinus, S. sanguinis, S. gordonii, S. oralis, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and P. intermedia. The AgNPs could be considered as a potential antimicrobial agent for the control and prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease.

scholarly journals The Role of the Microbiome in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Insight into the Microbiome–Treatment Axis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8061
Author(s):  
Amel Sami ◽  
Imad Elimairi ◽  
Catherine Stanton ◽  
R. Paul Ross ◽  
C. Anthony Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Viruses ◽  
Insight Into

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the leading presentations of head and neck cancer (HNC). The first part of this review will describe the highlights of the oral microbiome in health and normal development while demonstrating how both the oral and gut microbiome can map OSCC development, progression, treatment and the potential side effects associated with its management. We then scope the dynamics of the various microorganisms of the oral cavity, including bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi, archaea and viruses, and describe the characteristic roles they may play in OSCC development. We also highlight how the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) may impinge on the host microbiome and increase the burden of oral premalignant lesions and OSCC in patients with HIV. Finally, we summarise current insights into the microbiome–treatment axis pertaining to OSCC, and show how the microbiome is affected by radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and also how these therapies are affected by the state of the microbiome, potentially determining the success or failure of some of these treatments.

scholarly journals The Oral and Gut Bacterial Microbiomes: Similarities, Differences, and Connections

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Maki ◽  
Narjis Kazmi ◽  
Jennifer J. Barb ◽  
Nancy Ames
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Microbiome Research

Background: The oral cavity is associated with local and systemic diseases, although oral samples are not as commonly studied as fecal samples in microbiome research. There is a gap in understanding between the similarities and differences in oral and gut microbiomes and how they may influence each other. Methods: A scoping literature review was conducted comparing oral and gut microbiome communities in healthy humans. Results: Ten manuscripts met inclusion criteria and were examined. The oral microbiome sites demonstrated great variance in differential bacterial abundance and the oral microbiome had higher alpha diversity as compared to the gut microbiome. Studies using 16S rRNA sequencing analysis resulted in overall community differences between the oral and gut microbiomes when beta diversity was analyzed. Shotgun metagenomics sequencing increased taxonomic resolution to strain level (intraspecies) and demonstrated a greater percentage of shared taxonomy and oral bacterial translocation to the gut microbiome community. Discussion: The oral and gut microbiome bacterial communities may be more similar than earlier research has suggested, when species strain is analyzed through shotgun metagenomics sequencing. The association between oral health and systemic diseases has been widely reported but many mechanisms underlying this relationship are unknown. Although future research is needed, the oral microbiome may be a novel interventional target through its downstream effects on the gut microbiome. As nurse scientists are experts in symptom characterization and phenotyping of patients, they are also well posed to lead research on the connection of the oral microbiome to the gut microbiome in health and disease.

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