Microbial Heat and Organic Matter Loss in an Aerobic Corn Stover Storage Reactor: A Model Validation and Prediction Approach Using Lumped-Parameter Dynamical Formulation

The thicknesses of self-mulching A horizons were studied in native grassland and cultivated glaciolacustrine clay soils in southwestern Saskatchewan to estimate the extent of erosion and evaluate the relationship between slope characteristics, erosion and sedimentation. It has been shown that under similar gradient, the thickness of the A horizon, in the erosional portion of slopes, is less under cultivated than native grassland conditions; whereas, in the depositional portion the thickness of the A horizon is greater under cultivation. Erosion equations were developed which indicated 7.4 kg∙m−2∙yr−1 or 0.57 cm/yr for a 7.5% backslope and 2.1 kg∙m−2∙yr−1 or 0.16 cm/yr for 2% backslope. Calculated losses of organic matter from the most severely eroded slopes amounted to 650 kg∙ha−1∙yr−1. Comparable losses of nitrogen were 65 kg∙ha−1∙yr−1. This represents a 41% and 35% loss in organic matter and nitrogen, respectively, under nearly 70 yr of cultivation. The very close relationship shown in this study between various slope attributes and erosion clearly indicates the importance of slope considerations in all erosion studies. Key words: Erosion, deposition, swelling clay soils, landscape analysis, organic matter loss

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Rapid soil organic matter loss from forest dieback in a subalpine coniferous ecosystem

Soil Biology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.013 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 43 (12) ◽

pp. 2450-2456 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Yanmei Xiong ◽

Justin J. D’Atri ◽

Shenglei Fu ◽

Hanping Xia ◽

Timothy R. Seastedt

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Forest Dieback ◽

Organic Matter Loss

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NUTRITIVE VALUE OF GROUND AND/OR AMMONIATED CORN STOVER

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas80-042 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 327-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

P. J. MORRIS ◽

D. N. MOWAT

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Corn Stover ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Latin Square ◽

Significant Treatment ◽

Anhydrous Ammonia ◽

Forage Harvester

Corn stover stacks were harvested and a portion of these were treated with anhydrous ammonia at a level of 3% of dry matter (DM) and left covered with plastic for at least 30 days during the fall of 1977. In the spring, both treated and untreated corn were chopped through a forage harvester. A portion of each was then ground through a 1.3-cm screen. Treatments were: untreated chopped, untreated ground, ammoniated chopped, ammoniated ground. Treatments were evaluated with eight Hereford-Angus yearling steers in a double 4 × 4 latin square design. In addition to the stover, rations contained 10% molasses, 6% soybean meal, and 2.3% mineral mix. Urea was added to the untreated rations at the level of 1.6% to make rations isonitrogenous. Steers were injected with vitamins A, D and E at 90-day intervals. With both control and ammoniated rations, grinding increased (P < 0.001) intake on a body weight raised to the 0.75 power basis (MBW) of DM, digestible energy (DE) and digestible DM by 47%, 39%) and 39%), respectively. With both chopped and ground stover rations, ammoniation increased (P < 0.001) intake of digestible DM and DE and increased (P < 0.01) intake of DM all on a MBW basis by 22%, 31% and 12%), respectively. However, grinding decreased digestibilities of DM and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (P < 0.001) and of organic matter (OM) (P < 0.01) by 5%, 10% and 5%, respectively. With both chopped and ground stover rations, ammoniation increased (P < 0.001) digestibility of DM, OM, and NDF by 9%, 9% and 14%, respectively. Ammoniation plus grinding increased (P < 0.01) intake (MBW) of DM, digestible DM and DE by 64%), 71% and 85%), respectively, over untreated chopped rations. Grinding increased (P < 0.01) rumen acetate 0.5 h preprandially but did not significantly affect other rumen parameters measured preprandially or 2 h postprandially. Ammoniation increased (P < 0.01) rumen propionate 0.5 h preprandially but did not significantly affect the remaining rumen parameters. Before versus after feeding levels of rumen metabolites did not differ except for an increase (P < 0.01) in ammonia-N and total VFA postprandially. No significant treatment interactions were present.

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Rumen degradation of straw 3. Botanical fractions of two rice straw varieties and effects of ammonia treatment

Animal Production ◽

10.1017/s000335610001895x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 347-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

T. K. Walli ◽

E. R. Ørskov ◽

P. K. Bhargava

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Leaf Sheath ◽

Silica Content ◽

Ammonia Treatment ◽

Rumen Degradation ◽

Dry Matter Loss ◽

Organic Matter Loss ◽

Whole Plants

ABSTRACTTwo varieties of rice straw, long variety — no. 370 Basmati traditional (L) and short variety — no. PR106 hybrid (S) were separated into botanical fractions giving the proportion of leaf plus leaf sheath, internode, node and chaff (g/kg dry matter) as 633, 247, 83 and 37 for L and 680, 156, 76 and 88 for S, respectively. Samples of whole plants, leaves plus leaf sheaths and internodes were subjected to ammonia treatment. The chemical composition and the rumen degradability of dry matter and organic matter determined by the nylon bag technique were ascertained for treated and untreated samples of whole plants and botanical fractions of plants from both varieties. The ash and silica content were higher in leaf plus leaf sheath, 211 and 102 g/kg for the L and 190 and 67 g/kg for the S, than in internodes, 160 and 29 g/kg for L and 184 and 29 g/kg S, respectively.The potential degradability (a + b) value from the formula p = a + b(−e−ct) for dry-matter loss (DML), organic-matter loss (OML) and degradability of organic matter in dry matter (DOMD) were significantly higher for the S being 622, 659 and 544 g/kg, than for the L being 561, 586 and 500 g/kg, respectively (P < 0·01). The degradation rate too was significantly higher for the S than for the L for DML, OML and DOMD (P < 0·01). The ammonia treatment significantly improved the potential degradability for DML, OML and DOMD for both the varieties and their fractions (P < 0·01).

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Co-Composting of Khat-Derived Biochar with Municipal Solid Waste: A Sustainable Practice of Waste Management

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su122410668 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 10668

Author(s):

Zewdu Abebe Tessfaw ◽

Abebe Beyene ◽

Amsalu Nebiyu ◽

Krzysztof Pikoń ◽

Marcin Landrat

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Optimum Ratio ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Organic Matter Loss

Biochar is a way to improve the performance of the composting process and the quality of compost. This study was aimed to investigate the optimum ratio of khat straw (Catha edulis) biochar and organic municipal solid waste mixtures to improve the quality of the resulting co-composts. Khat-derived biochar during pyrolysis at 350 °C was added to organic municipal solid waste mix and four co-composting treatments were prepared with the compositions (% w/w): control compost (no biochar) and 5%, 15%, and 25% co-composted biochar in three replicates. The total organic carbon, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and potassium values ranged as 16.76–21.45%, 30.77–40.26%, 0.97–1.68%, 0.58–0.76%, and 12.72–15.29%, respectively. The results confirmed that 5% and 15% co-composted khat biochars had significantly reduced (p < 0.05) organic matter loss and increased the contents of cation exchange capacity, pH, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc compared to the control compost, while some heavy metals (Fe, Cu, and Mn) and EC values in co-composted biochars are lower than the control compost. Khat-derived biochar could be added to municipal organic waste mix at 5–15% (w/w) in order to get better quality of compost, which can be used as biofertilizer.

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Dynamics of Litter Carbon and Nitrogen in Forest Fallows following Shifting Cultivation in Mizoram, Northeast India

International Journal of Plant and Environment ◽

10.18811/ijpen.v4i01.11614 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (01) ◽

pp. 55-63

Author(s):

S. K. Tripathi ◽

C. Lalnunzira ◽

Wapongnungsang .

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Mass Loss ◽

Shifting Cultivation ◽

Mass Loss Rate ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Northeast India ◽

Coarse Roots ◽

Litter Bag ◽

C And N ◽

Organic Matter Loss

In this study, a field trial was carried out on organic matter, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics of different litter components (i.e. leaf, branch, roots less than 2 mm and 2-5 mm) in forest fallows (3 years: FL-3, 5 years: FL-5 and 10 years: FL-10) at Muallungthu, Mizoram using litter bag techniques. The rate of organic matter loss and release of C and N was faster in leaf and fine root (less than 2 mm) compared to branch and coarse roots (2-5 mm). Further, litter mass loss rate was higher in longer fallow (FL-10) compared to shorter fallow (FL-3 and FL-5). Results showed that mass loss and release of C and N was largely depending on the initial litter quality, abiotic variables and litter microorganisms. Release of C followed the patter similar to that of mass loss, whereas, N release showed an initial release followed by a slow release or marginal increase that indicate the tendency of N immobilization. Results indicate that the addition of litter from the adjoining forest adds organic matter, C and N in shifting cultivation that may help in sustaining soil fertility and crop productivity of shifting agriculture sites in northeastern hill regions of Mizoram.

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Change in the Content of Mobile Forms of Cu and Zn in the Leached Chernozem Under the Pyrogenic Effect

Acta Regionalia et Environmentalica ◽

10.1515/aree-2016-0006 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 27-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T.A. Devyatova ◽

Yu.S. Gorbunova ◽

N.A. Sorokina ◽

L.A. Yablonskikh

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Forest Fire ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Nitrogen Compounds ◽

Leached Chernozem ◽

Mobile Forms ◽

Fire Effect ◽

Organic Matter Loss ◽

Cu And Zn

Abstract The forest fire effect on the leached chernozem results in the organic matter loss and the decrease in content of alkali-hydrolysed nitrogen compounds. The content of ash components as well as mobile forms of Cu and Zn in the topsoil has increased. It can be connected with the ashes appearing in the soil surface, which are rich in microelements.

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Effect Of Pre-Treatment And Inoculant During Composting Of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches

ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.22146/ajche.49551 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

A.Y. Zahrim ◽

I.K.T. Yee ◽

E.S.C. Thian ◽

S.Y. Heng ◽

J. Janaun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽

Untreated Sample ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Palm Oil Mill ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Pretreatment Conditions ◽

Organic Matter Loss

In this work, untreated empty fruit bunch (EFB) or microwave-assisted NaOHpretreated EFB with palm oil mill effluent (POME) were composted under mesophilicconditions either in the presence or absence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D203 for sixtydays. During pretreatment conditions, the EFB was mixed with 1% (w/w) sodiumhydroxide and then exposed to microwave irradiation. The composting process wasevaluated based on the evolution of pH, electrical conductivity, moisture content, organicmatter loss, zeta potential and phytotoxicity. The strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D203 is not suitable for EFB-POME composting due to lower organic matter loss. The microwave-assisted NaOH pretreatment contributed to ~15% more organic matter loss than was found in the untreated sample while its germination index was >50%.

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