Rumen degradation of straw 3. Botanical fractions of two rice straw varieties and effects of ammonia treatment

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Walli ◽  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
P. K. Bhargava
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
Organic Matter Loss ◽  
Whole Plants

ABSTRACTTwo varieties of rice straw, long variety — no. 370 Basmati traditional (L) and short variety — no. PR106 hybrid (S) were separated into botanical fractions giving the proportion of leaf plus leaf sheath, internode, node and chaff (g/kg dry matter) as 633, 247, 83 and 37 for L and 680, 156, 76 and 88 for S, respectively. Samples of whole plants, leaves plus leaf sheaths and internodes were subjected to ammonia treatment. The chemical composition and the rumen degradability of dry matter and organic matter determined by the nylon bag technique were ascertained for treated and untreated samples of whole plants and botanical fractions of plants from both varieties. The ash and silica content were higher in leaf plus leaf sheath, 211 and 102 g/kg for the L and 190 and 67 g/kg for the S, than in internodes, 160 and 29 g/kg for L and 184 and 29 g/kg S, respectively.The potential degradability (a + b) value from the formula p = a + b(−e−ct) for dry-matter loss (DML), organic-matter loss (OML) and degradability of organic matter in dry matter (DOMD) were significantly higher for the S being 622, 659 and 544 g/kg, than for the L being 561, 586 and 500 g/kg, respectively (P < 0·01). The degradation rate too was significantly higher for the S than for the L for DML, OML and DOMD (P < 0·01). The ammonia treatment significantly improved the potential degradability for DML, OML and DOMD for both the varieties and their fractions (P < 0·01).

Rumen degradation of straw 9. Effect of cellulase and ammonia treatment on different varieties of rice straws and their botanical fractions

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nakashima ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

ABSTRACTThe composition and degradability of four varieties of rice straw were examined. The varieties were tall or short and early or late maturing. The straws and their botanical parts (leaf blade plus leaf sheath, internode, node and chaff) varied in acid-detergent fibre, ash and silica contents, but not in nitrogen and neutral-detergent fibre. There were some trends but no significant difference in proportions of parts between varieties. Milled samples of whole straw and its parts were either untreated, treated with a cellulase preparation plus propionic acid, treated with ammonia, or treated with cellulase then ammonia. Rumen degradability was measured by incubating the samples in polyester bags suspended in the rumen of sheep. The soluble fraction and potential degradability were greater in untreated short and early than in tall and late varieties, but rates of degradation did not vary significantly. Internode was more degradable than leaf. Cellulase and/or ammonia treatments increased the soluble fraction, especially in tall and late varieties, and increased potential degradabiiity except in internode. Degradability correlated positively with ash and silica contents.

Rumen degradation of straw 1. Untreated and ammonia-treated barley, oat and wheat straw varieties and triticale straw

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Tuah ◽  
E. Lufadeju ◽  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
G. A. Blackett
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation

ABSTRACTThe dry-matter degradation of 19 varieties of barley, 14 varieties of wheat, 11 varieties of oats and one variety of triticale straws, both untreated and ammonia treated were studied using the nylon-bag technique. There were significant differences between the untreated varieties of all the types of cereal straw studied with respect to dry-matter loss (DML) values. When the barley and wheat straws were treated with ammonia, the differences between the varieties were also significant although ammonia treatment tended to improve those with lower values to a greater extent than those with higher values. There were also significant differences between the DML values of the oat straws when they were treated with ammonia but only after 48-h incubation. There was a significant negative relationship between the 48-h DML values of the untreated oat straws and the improvement in the DML values with ammonia treatment (r = −0·65; P < 0·05). Grain yield, straw length and nitrogen concentration had no significant relationship with the DML values of the untreated straws. Barley and oat straws had generally higher DML than the wheat and triticale straws.

Rumen degradation of straw 2. Botanical fractions of straw from two barley cultivars

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ramanzin ◽  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
A. K. Tuah
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Similar Chemical Composition ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTTwo varieties of barley straw, Corgi and Gerbel, which varied in degradability when incubated in the rumen in nylon bags, were chosen for further examination of botanical fractions and to see how each fraction responded to treatment with ammonia. The straws were separated into leaves, internodes, nodes and chaff. The average proportions of these fractions were respectively 0·499, 0·380, 0·055 and 0·065 in Corgi straw and 0·404, 0·512, 0·059 and 0·025 in Gerbel straw. For both varieties the degradability of the botanical fractions were leaves > chaff > nodes > internodes.Despite a similar chemical composition, the dry-matter loss (DML) values of leaves, internodes and nodes of Corgi were higher than those of Gerbel straw.The differences between varieties were larger for internodes and nodes than for leaves. The difference in DML of the two varieties at 48-h incubation was 132 g/kg DM. Of this difference, 25 g were due to differences in distribution of the botanical fractions and 107 g to differences in DML of the fractions.Ammonia treatment significantly increased the DML of all fractions except the nodes. The overall improvement due to ammonia treatment of the different fraction was internode > chaff > leaves > nodes.

Rumen degradation of straw. 7. Effects of chemical pre-treatment and addition of propionic acid on degradation characteristics of botanical fractions barley stra treated with a cellulase preparation

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nakashima ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
B Values ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Pre Treatment

ABSTRACTFour experiments were carried out to measure the effects of exposure to a cellulase preparation on the degradation characteristics of whole barley straw and its botanical fractions. The effect of chemical pre-treatment (NaOH and H2O2) on treatment with a cellulase preparation and the addition of propionic acid to inhibit loss of dry matter were also studied during the fermentation of ensiled straws. Samples of each preparation were incubated in polyester bags in the rumens of three sheep to estimate degradability. The data were described using the equationp = a + b (1—ec) where p is degradability at time t and a, b and c are constants.The pH of ensiled straw was consistently decreased (P < 0·01) and the solubility increased (P < 0·01) by treatment with a cellulase preparation and by increasing the period of ensiling. The b values were decreased by increasing the length of the ensiling period (F < 0·01). The increase in the solubility of the treated botanical fractions was particularly apparent for the leaf blades, followed by leaf sheath, with the internodes being least affected (P < 0·01). However, treatment with a cellulase preparation had little or no effect in increasing the potential degradability (a + b) of any botanical fraction. The degradability of the whole plant and botanical fractions of straw increased (P < 0·01) with NaOH treatment and was further improved (P < 0·01) by alkaline H2O2 treatment. The increase was greater in internodes than in leaf sheath (P < 0·01). Treatment with a cellulase preparation and chemical pre-treatment had little or no effect on the 48-h dry-matter loss (DML) and the (a + b) values, but it increased (P < 0·01) the a values and solubility.DML from straw treated with a cellulase preparation during fermentation decreased (P < 0·01) from about 60 to less than 10 g/kg with 30 g propionic acid added per kg straw to inhibit bacterial activity. The decreased fermentation loss was reflected in an increase in the 48-h DML and potential (a + b) values of straw treated with a cellulase preparation.

Rumen degradation of straw 4. Selection and degradation of morphological components of barley straw by sheep

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Bhargava ◽  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
T. K. Walli
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractExperiments were made to study the proportion, chemical composition, and rumen degradability of the morphological components of barley straw (Corgi variety) and to study the selection of these components by sheep. The proportions in the harvested straw dry matter (DM) as leaf blade, leaf sheath, stem and chaff were 128, 314, 500 and 58 g/kg DM, respectively. The different components of straw on analysis proved to have very different concentrations of nitrogen and neutral-detergent cellulase digestibility. The leaf blades had the highest and the stems the lowest values. The degradabilities of DM in the components and in the whole straw were determined by measuring DM loss from samples incubated in nylon bags for various periods in the rumen of sheep. Responses were measured using the mathematical model p = a+b (1–e−ct) where p is DM loss, (a+b) potential degradability, c the rate constant of DM loss and t is the time of incubation. DM losses decreased in the order leaf blades > leaf sheath > whole plant > chaff > stems. Leaf blades also had the highest potential degradability and rate of degradation.In another trial, five sheep were offered unchopped barley straw ad libitum. There were five treatment periods in which sheep were allowed to leave uneaten proportionately 0·2, 0·3, 0·4, 0·5 and 0·7 of the straw on offer for assessing the animal's selection of the morphological components of that straw. The amount of leaf blade in the material consumed increased in largely a linear (P < 0·01) fashion with the amount of excess allowance. The proportion of stem eaten varied conversely. The selection of leaf sheath was less apparent. Little stem was consumed until the proportion of leaf blade in the food available decreased below proportionately 0·4. The practical significance of the study is discussed.

scholarly journals KECERNAAN NDF DAN ADF YANG MENDAPAT SUPLEMENTASI UREA MOLASSES MULTINUTRIENT BLOCK (UMMB) DARI BEBERAPA JENIS LIMBAH PERTANIAN DAN RUMPUT LAPANG PADA SAPI PERANAKAN ONGOLE (PO)

ZOOTEC ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Giandi Grahadi Turangan ◽  
B. Tulung ◽  
Y.R.L. Tulung ◽  
M.R. Waani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Peanut Straw

NDF AND ADF DIGESTIBILITY WHICH GET THE SUPPLEMENTED UREA MOLASSES MULTINUTRIENT BLOCK (UMMB) OF SOME CROP RESIDUES TYPE AND LOCAL GRASS ON ONGOLE CROSSBRED CATTLE. A research evaluating dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility of crops residues and local grass supplemented urea molasses multinutrient block (UMMB) on Ongole crossbred cattle (PO). Four male PO cattle, 12 – 18 months of age with ± 100 kg of body weight were used in this experiment. Latin Square Design 4 x 4 with 4 cows and 4 treatments was used. The treatments were : R1 : UMMB + local grass, R2: UMMB + Corn straw, R3: UMMB + Rice straw, and R4: UMMB + peanut straw. The results showed that there were significant effect (P<0.01) of treatments on NDF and ADF digestibility. C1 showed that NDF and ADF digestibility of local grass (68.44% and 61.37%) were higher (P<0.05) compared to crop residues (corn straw 65.25% and 58.59%, rice straw 62.63% dan 52.80%, and peanut straw 67.53% and 59.81%) respectively. C2 showed that NDF and ADF digestibility of legume straw was higher than grasses straw; and C3 showed that  NDF and ADF digestibility of rice straw was lower than corn straw. The results have concluded that : 1. NDF and ADF digestibility of local grass were higher compared to crop residues. 2. NDF and ADF digestibility of legume straw (peanut straw) was higher than grasses straw  (corn straw and ricce straw);3. NDF and ADF digestibility of  corn straw was higher than peanut straw.Key words: NDF and ADF digestibility, crop residues, UMMB, ongole crossbred cattle

scholarly journals Effect of Substitution of Urea With Different Type and Levels of Ruminant Manure on Nutritive Value of Rice Straw Silage

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-214
Author(s):  
Ali Ameen Saeed ◽  
Saja Intisar Abid
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
N Content ◽  
Aerobic Stability

This study was conducted in Nutrition Lab. to investigate the effect of the type and level of substitution of urea with ruminant manure, M (sheep, cow and buffalo) on basis of nitrogen (N) content on the nutritive value of rice straw silage (RSS). Accordingly silages were nominated as, S-RSS, C-RSS and B-RSS. Urea (U) was substituted with dried manure at 6 combinations, 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50 of U:M. Silage samples were prepared by treating chopped straw with pre-treated solution contained 10% low quality debis and 2% urea. Results showed that lower (P˂0.01) DM loss (11.4%) was observed in S-RSS, and with addition of urea only (3.6%).        Samples of S-RSS and C-RSS recorded higher (P˂0.01) Fleig points (Fp) as compared with those prepared by the addition of B-RSS, 60.42, 55.58 and 49.59 respectively. Reduction (P˂0.01) in this parameter was noticed in samples prepared with a combination of 100:0. Aerobic stability (AS) was a reduced (P˂0.01) in samples prepared by addition of S-RSS by 15 and 13 hours in comparison with samples of C-RSS and B-RSS respectively. Samples prepared with combination of 100:0 were prior (P˂0.01) as compared with other samples.        Results also showed an increase (P˂0.01) in in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVOMD) in samples of S-RSS in comparison with samples prepared by addition of C-RSS and B-RSS, 49.99, 44.59 and 42.77% respectively. Samples prepared with combination of 100:0 recorded lower (P˂0.05) in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD) as compared with combinations of 70:30 and 60:40 of U: M, 40.52, 45.36 and 45.94% respectively.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Molases Pada Amoniasi Jerami Padi Menggunakan Urea Terhadap Kecernaan Bahan Kering dan Bahan Organik In Vitro

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Bata
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

The effect of molasses on ammoniated straw by using urea on dry and organic matter digestibility as in vitroABSTRACT. Aimed of this research was to find out the optimal level of molasses addition to improve quality, dry matter and organic matter digestibility of rice straw ammonization process. Materials used were rumen fluid of fistula cattle, grind of rice straw, water, urea and molasses. Research designed used Completely Randomized Design (CRD). As treatments were R0: rice straw 1000 g dry matter + 500 g water + 50 g urea + 0 percent of molasses, R1: R0 + 15 percent of molasses, R2: R0 + 30 percent of molasses. Urea and molasses dissolved in water and then entered into pollybag. All pollybag observe and let for 15 days, each treatment replicated 6 times. Variable measured were dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility. Research result showed that ammonization product of NH3, Acidity Level and crude fiber having decreased while crude protein content increased. Variance analysis indicated that treatments had significant effect (P0.05) on dry matter and organic matter digestibility. Orthogonal polynomial test indicated that level of molasses increase (P0.05) of dry matter and organic matter digestibility linearly. It can be concluded that addition up to 30 percent in ammoniating of rice straw using urea can improve quality of ammonization and increasing dry matter and organic matter digestibility.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Kualitas Jerami Padi dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kecernaan Nutrien dan Produk Fermentasi Rumen Kerbau dengan Feces Sebagai Sumber Inokulum

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syapura Syapura ◽  
Muhamad Bata ◽  
Wardhana Surya Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

Improving of rice straw quality and its effect on ability nutrient digestibility and rumen metabolism products of buffalo in-vitro with feces as inoculum source ABSTRACT.  This study was aimed to determine the effect of feeding  ammoniated rice straw plus concentrate on buffalo nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation products by in vitro. The Research was carried out by using  experimental method, designed according to completely  randomized design (CRD). The source of inoculum was obtain from different feces of three  buffalos kept in  Datar Village of Purwokerto region fed  rice straw, rice straw plus concentrate and rice straw ammoniated plus concentrate with dry matter ratio of 80 : 20. The treatments tested consisted of three treatments, namely R0 =  control feed using rice straw; R1 = the use of rice straw plus concentrate with a ratio of  (DM basis) 80:20; R2 = the use of ammoniated rice straw plus concentrate with a ratio of (DM basis) 80:20. The treatments were repeated 7 times, so there were 21 experimental units. The Variables measured included total VFA, Ratio A/P, N-NH3, Microbial Protein Synthesis (MPS),   Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibility. The result of this study showed that the treatment had an effect significant (P0.05) on the concentration of VFA, Ratio A/P,  N-NH3,  Microbial Protein Synthesis (MPS), and Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibility. The HSD test showed that the highest production of  VFA,Ratio A/P, N-NH3, Microbial Protein Synthesis (MPS), Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibility were achieved at R2 followed by R1 and R0 respectively. The conclusion is that the ammoniated rice straw supplemented with concentrate can be recommended to be fed to buffalo

scholarly journals Pengaruh Imbangan Jerami Padi, Dedak Padi dan Onggok Terfermentasi terhadap Kecernaan dan Produk Fermentasi Rumen Secara In Vitro

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
S.N.O. Suwandyastuti ◽  
Efka Aris Rimbawanto ◽  
Ning Iriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Optimal Ratio ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The influence of the ratio of fermented rice straw, rice bran and cassava solid waste upon the In vitro digestibility and rumen fermentation productABSTRACT. Chemical and physical treatments have been attempted to improve the utilization of agro industrial wastes, but the result is not efficient and caused pollution. Besides, biological treatments using the microbes have been used to improve the nutritive value and utilization of agro industrial wastes. The current experiment was conducted to find out the optimal ratio of fermented rice straw, fermented rice bran and fermented tapioca waste. There were five kinds of ratio of fermented rice straw, fermented rice bran and fermented tapioca waste, namely: K1 (70% fermented rice straw + 15% fermented rice bran + fermented tapioca waste), K2 (60% fermented rice straw + 20% fermented rice bran + 20% fermented tapioca waste), K3 (50% fermented rice straw + 25% fermented rice bran + 25% fermented tapioca waste), K4 (40% fermented rice straw + 30% fermented rice bran + 30% fermented tapioca waste) and K5 (30% fermented rice straw + 35% fermented rice bran + 35% fermented tapioca waste) An in vitro technique, using completely Randomize Block Design was applied and each treatment was repeated four times. Variables measured were Dry matter and Organic matter digestibility and rumen fermentation products (volatile fatty acid and N-NH3 concentration). The dry matter digestibility of K1, K2, K3, k4 and K5 was 29.39, 31.27, 32.33, 33.71 and 34.82%, respectively. The organic matter digestibility of K1, K2, K3, K4 and 5 was 30.82, 31.27, 32.73, 34.94, and 34.92, respectively. Volatile fatty acid concentrations of K1, K2, K3, K4 and K5 were 95.19, 91.77, 87.21, 104.31, 106.59 mM/l, respectively. N-NH3 concentrations of K1, K2, K3, K4 and K5 were 0.97, 0.93, 0.93, 1.00, 1.04 mM/l, respectively. Significant difference (P0.01) was only found in dry matter digestibility among treatments, while others variables were not significantly different among treatments. It was indicated that the optimal ratio was K4.

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