scholarly journals Metabolomic Analysis of Biosynthesis Mechanism of ε-Polylysine Produced by Streptomyces diastatochromogenes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyuan Wang ◽  
Fengzhu Guo ◽  
Tianyu Dong ◽  
Zhilei Tan ◽  
Mohamed Abdelraof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Original Strain ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Homoserine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Yield Strain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Branched Chain

ε-Polylysine (ε-PL), a natural preservative with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, has been widely used as a green food additive, and it is now mainly produced by Streptomyces in industry. In the previous study, strain 6#-7 of high-yield ε-PL was obtained from the original strain TUST by mutagenesis. However, the biosynthesis mechanism of ε-PL in 6#-7 is still unclear. In this study, the metabolomic analyses of the biosynthesis mechanism of ε-PL in both strains are investigated. Results show that the difference in metabolisms between TUST and 6#-7 is significant. Based on the results of both metabolomic and enzymatic activities, a metabolic regulation mechanism of the high-yield strain is revealed. The transport and absorption capacity for glucose of 6#-7 is improved. The enzymatic activity benefits ε-PL synthesis, such as pyruvate kinase and aspartokinase, is strengthened. On the contrary, the activity of homoserine dehydrogenase in the branched-chain pathways is decreased. Meanwhile, the increase of trehalose, glutamic acid, etc. makes 6#-7 more resistant to ε-PL. Thus, the ability of the mutagenized strain 6#-7 to synthesize ε-PL is enhanced, and it can produce more ε-PLs compared with the original strain. For the first time, the metabolomic analysis of the biosynthesis mechanism of ε-PL in the high-yield strain 6#-7 is investigated, and a possible mechanism is then revealed. These findings provide a theoretical basis for further improving the production of ε-PL.

scholarly journals Metabolomic analysis of biosynthesis mechanism of ε-polylysine produced by Streptomyces diastatochromogenes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyuan Wang ◽  
Fengzhu Guo ◽  
Tianyu Dong ◽  
Zhilei Tan ◽  
Mohamed Abdelraof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Original Strain ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract ε-polylysine (ε-PL) is a polypeptide that shows broad-spectrum inhibition against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and it’s mainly produced by Streptomyces sp. However, the biosynthesis mechanism of ε-PL by Streptomyces sp. is still unclear. Herein, the metabolomic analysis of the biosynthesis mechanism of ε-PL in the original strain TUST and the high-yield mutant strain 6#-7 were investigated. Results show that the difference on metabolisms between TUST and 6#-7 was significant during fermentation periods. And based on further analyses of the results of both metabolomics and enzymatic activity, a possible metabolic regulation mechanism of the high-yield mutagenized strain 6#-7 was proposed. The transport and absorption capacity for glucose of strain 6#-7 is improved. And the activity of enzymes relating to ε-PL synthesis, including Hexokinase (HK) et al., is strengthened. On the contrary, the activity of enzymes in the branched-chain pathways, such as Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) et al. is decreased. Meanwhile, the increase of trehalose, glutamic acid and proline makes the strain 6#-7 more resistant to ε-PL. Moreover, the strain 6#-7 has stronger ability to transfer ε-PL out the cell. Thus the ability of the mutagenized strain to synthesize ε-PL is enhanced and the strain 6#-7 can produce more ε-PL compared with the original strain. These findings provide a theoretical basis for further improving the production of ε-PL.

scholarly journals Analysis of Metabolite Accumulation Related to Pod Color Variation of Caragana intermedia

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
Feiyun Yang ◽  
Tianrui Yang ◽  
Kun Liu ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
Yongqing Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Ion Trap ◽  
Shikimic Acid ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Metabolic Pathway Analysis ◽  
Caragana Intermedia ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Auxin Accumulation

Caragana intermedia, a leguminous shrub widely distributed in cold and arid regions, is rich in secondary metabolites and natural active substances, with high nutritional and medical values. It is interesting that the pods of C. intermedia often show different colors among individual plants. In this study, 10-, 20- and 30-day-old red and green pods of C. intermedia were used to identify and characterize important metabolites associated with pod color. A total 557 metabolites, which could be classified into 21 groups, were detected in the pod extracts using liquid chromatography coupled with ESI-triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Metabolomics analysis revealed significant differences in 15 groups of metabolites between red and green pods, including amino acids, nucleotide derivatives, flavonoids, and phytohormones. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that the shikimic acid and the phytohormone metabolic pathways were extraordinarily active in red pods, and the difference between red and green pods was obvious. Moreover, red pods showed remarkable flavonoids, cytokinins, and auxin accumulation, and the content of total flavonoids and proanthocyanidins in 30-day-old red pods was significantly higher than that in green pods. This metabolic profile contributes to valuable insights into the metabolic regulation mechanism in different color pods.

scholarly journals Optimization of tetramycin production in Streptomyces ahygroscopicus S91

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Chen ◽  
Mengqiu Wang ◽  
Xianpu Ni ◽  
Huanzhang Xia
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Original Strain ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Yield Strain ◽  
P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
Most Significant Change ◽  
Final Strain

Abstract Background Tetramycin is a 26-member tetraene antibiotic used in agriculture. It has two components, tetramycin A and tetramycin B. Tetramycin B is obtained by the hydroxylation of tetramycin A on C4. This reaction is catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase TtmD. The two components of tetramycin have different antifungal activities against different pathogenic fungi. Therefore, the respective construction of high-yield strains of tetramycin A and tetramycin B is conducive to more targeted action on pathomycete and has a certain practical value. Results Streptomyces ahygroscopicus S91 was used as the original strain to construct tetramycin A high-yield strains by blocking the precursor competitive biosynthetic gene cluster, disrupting tetramycin B biosynthesis, and overexpressing the tetramycin pathway regulator. Eventually, the yield of tetramycin A in the final strain was up to 1090.49 ± 136.65 mg·L− 1. Subsequently, TtmD, which catalyzes the conversion from tetramycin A to tetramycin B, was overexpressed. Strains with 2, 3, and 4 copies of ttmD were constructed. The three strains had different drops in tetramycin A yield, with increases in tetramycin B. The strain with three copies of ttmD showed the most significant change in the ratio of the two components. Conclusions A tetramycin A single-component producing strain was obtained, and the production of tetramycin A increased 236.84% ± 38.96% compared with the original strain. In addition, the content of tetramycin B in a high-yield strain with three copies of ttmD increased from 26.64% ± 1.97 to 51.63% ± 2.06%.

Synthesis of Starch-Graft-Polyacrylamide by Salt Solution Media Polymerization

2012 ◽  
Vol 557-559 ◽  
pp. 1049-1052
Author(s):  
Wen Bing Li ◽  
Ting Ting Huang ◽  
Guang Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Monomer Conversion ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Solution System ◽  
Raw Starch ◽  
Polymerization System ◽  
Product Loss ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Branched Chain

Starch-graft-polyacrylamide (St-g-PAM) was prepared using a salt media polymerization technique, and characterized by FITR. The type of starch and the synthesis method of different system were studied through the mass of product, the percentage of grafting (PG) and the monomer conversion (MC), and the difference polymerization system. The results showed that the pretreated starch and the salt solution system, respectively, were more advantageous than the raw starch and the aqueous solution system. The intrinsic viscosity, transmittance, product loss, penetration and apparent viscosity of St-g-PAM by salt solution polymerization were 12.49 dL•g-1, 18.6%, 0.56%, 53.96, 18.40 Pa•S, respectively. The method could get bigger branched-chain molecular than the others with high yield, high monomer conversion, high the percentage of grafting, low product losses and easy post-processing

scholarly journals Transcriptomic resources for prairie grass (Bromus catharticus): expressed transcripts, tissue-specific genes, and identification and validation of EST-SSR markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Sun ◽  
Zhixiao Dong ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Wendan Wu ◽  
Chenglin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Strain ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
The Future ◽  
Genomic Resource

Abstract Background Prairie grass (Bromus catharticus) is a typical cool-season forage crop with high biomass production and fast growth rate during winter and spring. However, its genetic research and breeding has remained stagnant due to limited available genomic resources. The aim of this study was to generate large-scale genomic data using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, and perform a preliminary validation of EST-SSR markers of B. catharticus. Results Eleven tissue samples including seeds, leaves, and stems were collected from a new high-yield strain of prairie grass BCS1103. A total of 257,773 unigenes were obtained, of which 193,082 (74.90%) were annotated. Comparison analysis between tissues identified 1803, 3030, and 1570 genes specifically and highly expressed in seed, leaf, and stem, respectively. A total of 37,288 EST-SSRs were identified from unigene sequences, and more than 80,000 primer pairs were designed. We synthesized 420 primer pairs and selected 52 ones with high polymorphisms to estimate genetic diversity and population structure in 24 B. catharticus accessions worldwide. Despite low diversity indicated by an average genetic distance of 0.364, the accessions from South America and Asia and wild accessions showed higher genetic diversity. Moreover, South American accessions showed a pure ancestry, while Asian accessions demonstrated mixed internal relationships, which indicated a different probability of gene flow. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the studied accessions into four clades, being consistent with phenotypic clustering results. Finally, Mantel analysis suggested the total phenotypic variation was mostly contributed by genetic component. Stem diameter, plant height, leaf width, and biomass yield were significantly correlated with genetic data (r > 0.6, P < 0.001), and might be used in the future selection and breeding. Conclusion A genomic resource was generated that could benefit genetic and taxonomic studies, as well as molecular breeding for B. catharticus and its relatives in the future.

Optimization of the Fermentation Conditions for 1-Deoxynojirimycin Production by Streptomyces lawendulae Applying the Response Surface Methodology

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Jun Wei ◽  
Le-Chun Zhou ◽  
Hua Chen ◽  
Gui-Hai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Strain ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Ethyl Sulfate ◽  
Initial Ph

Moranoline (1-Deoxynojirimycin, DNJ) is a piperidine alkaloid, and shows high inhibit activities to glucoamylase and ?-glucosidase. One DNJ high-yield strain of Streptomyces lawendulae was obtained after isolated form soil and mutated with the ultra violet (UV) and ethyl sulfate (DES), which named as TB-412, and can produce DNJ with 35.925 mg/L. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the parameters of DNJ yield from S. lawendulae TB-412. The effects of independent variables of fermentation, including time, temperature, initial pH and the soluble starch content were investigated. The statistical analysis showed that the fermentation time, pH and the soluble starch content, and the quadratics of time, temperature, pH and the soluble starch content, as well as the interactions between fermentation time and pH, and time and the soluble starch content, showed significant effects on DNJ yield. The optimal process parameters for DNJ production within the experimental range of the variables researched was at 11d, 27 °C, pH 7.5, and 8% soluble starch content. At this condition, the DNJ yield was predicted to be 42.875 mg/L.

scholarly journals Uncovering and Engineering a Mini-Regulatory Network of the TetR-Family Regulator SACE_0303 for Yield Improvement of Erythromycin in Saccharopolyspora erythraea

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Sabir Khan ◽  
Panpan Wu ◽  
Bowen Li ◽  
Lanlan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Saccharopolyspora Erythraea ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Strain ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Erythromycin Production

Erythromycins produced by Saccharopolyspora erythraea have broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. Recently, several TetR-family transcriptional regulators (TFRs) were identified to control erythromycin production by multiplex control modes; however, their regulatory network remains poorly understood. In this study, we report a novel TFR, SACE_0303, positively correlated with erythromycin production in Sac. erythraea. It directly represses its adjacent gene SACE_0304 encoding a MarR-family regulator and indirectly stimulates the erythromycin biosynthetic gene eryAI and resistance gene ermE. SACE_0304 negatively regulates erythromycin biosynthesis by directly inhibiting SACE_0303 as well as eryAI and indirectly repressing ermE. Then, the SACE_0303 binding site within the SACE_0303-SACE_0304 intergenic region was defined. Through genome scanning combined with in vivo and in vitro experiments, three additional SACE_0303 target genes (SACE_2467 encoding cation-transporting ATPase, SACE_3156 encoding a large transcriptional regulator, SACE_5222 encoding α-ketoglutarate permease) were identified and proved to negatively affect erythromycin production. Finally, by coupling CRISPRi-based repression of those three targets with SACE_0304 deletion and SACE_0303 overexpression, we performed stepwise engineering of the SACE_0303-mediated mini-regulatory network in a high-yield strain, resulting in enhanced erythromycin production by 67%. In conclusion, the present study uncovered the regulatory network of a novel TFR for control of erythromycin production and provides a multiplex tactic to facilitate the engineering of industrial actinomycetes for yield improvement of antibiotics.

High-Throughput System for Screening of Cephalosporin C High-Yield Strain by 48-Deep-Well Microtiter Plates

2013 ◽  
Vol 169 (5) ◽  
pp. 1683-1695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Tan ◽  
Ju Chu ◽  
Yuyou Hao ◽  
Yuanxin Guo ◽  
Yingping Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cephalosporin C ◽  
Yield Strain ◽  
Deep Well ◽  
Microtiter Plates

scholarly journals Metabolomic Analysis of the Effects of Leptin Replacement Therapy in Patients with Lipodystrophy

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivraj Grewal ◽  
Sriram Gubbi ◽  
Andin Fosam ◽  
Caroline Sedmak ◽  
Shanaz Sikder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acid ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Context and Objective Leptin treatment has dramatic clinical effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in leptin-deficient patients with lipodystrophy. Further elucidation of metabolic effects of exogenous leptin therapy will shed light on understanding leptin physiology in humans. Our objective was to utilize metabolomic profiling to examine the changes associated with administration of short-term metreleptin therapy in patients with lipodystrophy. Study Design We conducted a pre-post-treatment study in 19 patients (75% female) with varying forms of lipodystrophy (congenital generalized lipodystrophy, n = 10; acquired generalized lipodystrophy, n = 1; familial partial lipodystrophy, n = 8) who received daily subcutaneous metreleptin injections for a period of 16 to 23 weeks. A 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test and body composition measurements were conducted before and after the treatment period, and fasting blood samples were used for metabolomic profiling. The study outcome aimed at measuring changes in physiologically relevant metabolites before and after leptin therapy. Results Metabolomic analysis revealed changes in pathways involving branched-chain amino acid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, protein degradation, urea cycle, tryptophan metabolism, nucleotide catabolism, vitamin E, and steroid metabolism. Fold changes in pre- to post-treatment metabolite levels indicated increased breakdown of fatty acids, branched chain amino acids proteins, and nucleic acids. Conclusions Leptin replacement therapy has significant effects on important metabolic pathways implicated in patients with lipodystrophy. Continued metabolomic studies may provide further insight into the mechanisms of action of leptin replacement therapy and provide novel biomarkers of lipodystrophy. Abbreviations: 1,5-AG, 1,5-anhydroglucitol; 11βHSD1, 11-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1; BCAA, branched-chain amino acid; FFA, free fatty acid; GC-MS, gas chromatography mass spectrometry; IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; m/z, mass to charge ratio; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; TDO, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; UPLC-MS/MS, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

scholarly journals Causes Of Yield Gaps And Strategies For Minimizing The Gaps In Different Crops Of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H Mondal
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Integrated Crop Management ◽  
Yield Gaps ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Extension Agencies

The concept of yield gaps originated from the studies conducted by IRRI in the seventies. The yield gap discussed in this paper is the difference between the potential farm yield and the actual average farm yield. In Bangladesh, yield gaps exist in different crops ranging up to 60%. According to the recent study conducted by BRRI, the yield gap in rice was estimated at 1.74 t/ha. The existence of yield gaps was as well observed in rice, mustard, wheat and cotton in India. In India, yield gap varied from 15.5 to 60% with the national average gap of 52.3% in irrigated ecosystem. The yield gaps are mainly caused by biological, socio-economic, climate and institutional/policy related factors. Different strategies, such as integrated crop management (1CM) practices, timely supply of inputs including credit to farmers, research and extension collaboration to transfer the new technologies have been discussed as strategies to minimize yield gaps. Suggestions have been made to make credit available to resource-poor small farmers to buy necessary inputs. Reducing transaction cost, simplifying lending procedures and strengthening monitoring mechanism of the current credit system are, however, essential to enable the farmers to avail the credit facility. Efforts should be made to update farmers’ knowledge on the causes of yield gaps in crops and measures to narrow the gaps through training, demonstrations, field visits and monitoring by extension agencies to achieve high yield. The government should realize that yield gaps exist in different crops of Bangladesh and therefore, explore the scope to increase production as well as productivity of crops by narrowing the yield gap and thereby ensure food security. Keywords: Yield gaps; strategies; crops of Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i3.9274 BJAR 2011; 36(3): 469-476

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