Editorial: Short-Term Versus Long-Term Challenges in Functional Biomaterials Interfacing Living Systems: Two Sides of the Coin

Some Determinants of the Oslo Breakthrough

International Negotiation ◽

10.1163/15718069720847933 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 183-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Mutual Recognition ◽

Third Party ◽

Mediation Process ◽

Palestinian Authority ◽

Short Term ◽

The Status ◽

The Cold War ◽

Two Sides ◽

State Of Israel

AbstractThe breakthrough character of the Oslo agreement is attributed to the mutual recognition between the State of Israel and the PLO and the opening of direct negotiations between them. The parties were induced to go to Oslo and negotiate an agreement there by macro-level forces evolving over some time: Long-term changes, going back to the 1967 War, and short-term strategic and domestic-political considerations, resulting from the Gulf War and the end of the Cold War, created new interests that persuaded them of the necessity of negotiating a compromise; and unofficial interactions between the two sides over the course of two decades persuaded them of the possibility of doing so. Once the parties decided to negotiate, the micro-process provided by Oslo, with its peculiar mixture of track-one and track-two elements, contributed to the success of the negotiations. Key elements included secrecy, the setting, the status of the initial participants, the nature of the third party, and the nature of the mediation process. Finally, what made the accord viable were some of its main substantive features, including the exchange of letters of mutual recognition, the distinction between the interim and the final stage, and the territorial base and early empowerment of the Palestinian Authority.

Download Full-text

Notes on the rural landscape of central Tyrrhenian Italy in the 6th-5th c. b.c. and its social significance

Journal of Roman Archaeology ◽

10.1017/s1047759400013933 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 247-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gabriele Cifani

Keyword(s):

Interdisciplinary Approach ◽

Rural Landscape ◽

Environmental Archaeology ◽

Social Significance ◽

Short Term ◽

Rural Landscapes ◽

Landscape Studies ◽

Art Historians ◽

Two Sides

During the last few decades most landscape archaeologists have noted the diffusion and the demographic importance of the rural landscapes of Archaic Etruscan communities and have tried to define their significance within Etruscan society in the same way as others have attempted to evaluate the political significance of the Greek rural landscape. Recent research on Italian landscapes has led to a great increase in the available data regarding the different paths of development for the various communities, allowing them to be outlined and compared.The growing dichotomy between the studies of field archaeologists and historians or art-historians may appear to be a problem. Landscape studies in Italy have been dominated since the 1950s by an Anglocentric tradition of economic and environmental archaeology, with important work focusing on long-term phenomena. Historians and art-historians, on the other hand, have tried to define an interdisciplinary approach involving the use of several sources of evidence (art-historical, epigraphic, literary) and focusing on historical events and medium-or short-term phenomena. Yet field and historical archaeology are simply two sides of the same coin, and should be viewed as complementary rather than incompatible approaches to understanding the comolex evidence of the Dre-Roman cultures.

Download Full-text

Numerical Prediction of Bow-Flared Slamming on ULCS in Oblique Waves

Volume 7A: Ocean Engineering ◽

10.1115/omae2018-77782 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Hang Xie ◽

Huilong Ren ◽

Hui Li ◽

Kaidong Tao

Keyword(s):

Short Term ◽

Oblique Waves ◽

Commercial Code ◽

Torque Moment ◽

Motion Features ◽

Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽

Cfd Method ◽

Two Sides ◽

Term Analysis

Bow-flared slamming loads of ULCS in oblique waves were studied systematically. Firstly, relative motion features between ship and wave were analyzed by seakeeping theory. The result shows the transverse and roll motion cannot be ignored in oblique waves. Secondly, a long-term and short-term analysis was applied to obtain the parameters of equivalent design wave. Then slamming pressure of two bow-flared sections with three kinds of motions was predicted by using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method in commercial code FLUENT. Pressure characteristics in different wave directions were discussed and the results show slamming loads in some oblique wave cases are larger than that in the head sea. And the torque moment and transverse force caused by asymmetrical pressure distribution on the two sides should be drawn more attention.

Download Full-text

Detour Experiments with Split-Brain Octopuses

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.53.2.375 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 375-389

Author(s):

M. J. WELLS

Keyword(s):

Visual Discrimination ◽

The Body ◽

Short Term ◽

Visual Inputs ◽

Functional Equivalent ◽

And Performance ◽

State Of Affairs ◽

Two Sides ◽

Unilateral Training

1. Octopuses will move out of sight of their prey and make detours through a maze to get crabs that are initially visible but not directly accessible to them. 2. Successful detours are made without training, and performance shows little change with practice. 3. Longitudinal division of the vertical and subvertical lobes and/or of the superior and inferior frontal lobes does not affect performance. 4. Extension of the cut downwards to include the optic commissures produces animals that sometimes perform quite normally, and at other times vacillate, apparently unable to prevent the onset of incompatible responses arising from visual inputs to the two sides of the body. If the optic nerves are cut on once side such animals perform normally. In the intact octopus conflict between the two sides must be avoided by exchange of information through the optic commissures, or though structures closely associated with these. 5. This situation is compared with that found in training experiments involving visual discrimination. In detours the information acquired through one eye modifies the behaviour of both sides of the body for a few minutes. Its availability is not changed by prior removal of the superior frontal and/or vertical lobes. Following unilateral training involving visual discrimination, responses arising as a result of visual inputs to either side of the body are modified for many weeks, but only provided that the superior frontal-vertical lobe system remains intact. If this system is split the untrained side remains naive. 6. It is concluded that the long and short-term storage of representations of objects seen must be different in kind and that the establishment of long-lasting bilateral traces involves structures that are not essential for the side-to-side distribution of information in the short-term situation. 7. This state of affairs is compared with the situation in touch learning, where there seems to be no functional equivalent of the optic commissures. Long-term bilateral traces are established as a result of unilateral training but the effect takes an hour or more to spread to the untrained side.

Download Full-text

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x15000928 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

Author(s):

Mary C. Potter

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽

Language Comprehension ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Visual Presentation ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Download Full-text

Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100159412 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 374-375

Author(s):

D.E. Loudy ◽

J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽

J.T. Yarrington ◽

F.Y. Thompson ◽

J.P. Gibson

Keyword(s):

Antidepressant Drug ◽

Beagle Dogs ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Platelet Counts ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Induced Aggregation ◽

Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

Download Full-text

Comparison of Auditory, Language, Memory, and Attention Abilities in Children With and Without Listening Difficulties

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2020_aja-20-00018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 710-727

Author(s):

Beula M. Magimairaj ◽

Naveen K. Nagaraj ◽

Alexander V. Sergeev ◽

Natalie J. Benafield

Keyword(s):

Auditory Processing ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Group Differences ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Short Term ◽

Significant Group ◽

Term Memory ◽

Memory And Attention ◽

Speed And Accuracy

Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607

Download Full-text