scholarly journals Overground Walking in a Fully Immersive Virtual Reality: A Comprehensive Study on the Effects on Full-Body Walking Biomechanics

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Horsak ◽  
Mark Simonlehner ◽  
Lucas Schöffer ◽  
Bernhard Dumphart ◽  
Arian Jalaeefar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Real World ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Gait Rehabilitation ◽  
Overground Walking ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
The Real ◽  
Temporal Parameters ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology offering tremendous opportunities to aid gait rehabilitation. To this date, real walking with users immersed in virtual environments with head-mounted displays (HMDs) is either possible with treadmills or room-scale (overground) VR setups. Especially for the latter, there is a growing interest in applications for interactive gait training as they could allow for more self-paced and natural walking. This study investigated if walking in an overground VR environment has relevant effects on 3D gait biomechanics. A convenience sample of 21 healthy individuals underwent standard 3D gait analysis during four randomly assigned walking conditions: the real laboratory (RLab), a virtual laboratory resembling the real world (VRLab), a small version of the VRlab (VRLab−), and a version which is twice as long as the VRlab (VRLab+). To immerse the participants in the virtual environment we used a VR-HMD, which was operated wireless and calibrated in a way that the virtual labs would match the real-world. Walking speed and a single measure of gait kinematic variability (GaitSD) served as primary outcomes next to standard spatio-temporal parameters, their coefficients of variant (CV%), kinematics, and kinetics. Briefly described, participants demonstrated a slower walking pattern (−0.09 ± 0.06 m/s) and small accompanying kinematic and kinetic changes. Participants also showed a markedly increased gait variability in lower extremity gait kinematics and spatio-temporal parameters. No differences were found between walking in VRLab+ vs. VRLab−. Most of the kinematic and kinetic differences were too small to be regarded as relevant, but increased kinematic variability (+57%) along with increased percent double support time (+4%), and increased step width variability (+38%) indicate gait adaptions toward a more conservative or cautious gait due to instability induced by the VR environment. We suggest considering these effects in the design of VR-based overground training devices. Our study lays the foundation for upcoming developments in the field of VR-assisted gait rehabilitation as it describes how VR in overground walking scenarios impacts our gait pattern. This information is of high relevance when one wants to develop purposeful rehabilitation tools.

Spatio-Temporal Modeling on Village Land Feature Change

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 2721-2725
Author(s):  
Hua Ji Zhu ◽  
Hua Rui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Temporal Change ◽  
End Users ◽  
Temporal Modeling ◽  
The Real ◽  
Change Type ◽  
Feature Change ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Village ◽  
Land Changes

Village land continually changes in the real world. In order to keep the data up-to-date, data producers need update the data frequently. When the village land data are updated, the update information must be dispensed to the end-users to keep their client-databases current. In the real world, village land changes in many forms. Identifying the change type of village land (i.e. captures the semantics of change) and representing them in the data world can help end-users understand the change commonly and be convenient for end-users to integrate these change information into their databases. This work focuses on the model of the spatio-temporal change. A three-tuple model CAR for representing the spatio-temporal change is proposed based on the village land feature set before change and the village land feature set after change, change type and rules. In this model, the C denotes the change type. A denotes the attribute set; R denotes the judging rules of change type. The rule is described by the IF－THEN expressions. By the operations between R and A, the C is distinguished. This model overcomes the limitations of current methods. And more, the rules in this model can be easy realized in computer program.

scholarly journals Immersive Virtual Reality Implementations in Developmental Psychology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Araiza-Alba ◽  
Therese Keane ◽  
Jennifer L Beaudry ◽  
Jordy Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Real World ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual Reality Technology ◽  
The Real

In recent years, immersive virtual reality technology (IVR) has seen a substantial improvement in its quality, affordability, and ability to simulate the real world. Virtual reality in psychology can be used for three basic purposes: immersion, simulation, and a combination of both. While the psychological implementations of IVR have been predominately used with adults, this review seeks to update our knowledge about the uses and effectiveness of IVR with children. Specifically, its use as a tool for pain distraction, neuropsychological assessment, and skills training. Results showed that IVR is a useful tool when it is used either for immersive or simulative purposes (e.g., pain distraction, neuropsychological assessment), but when its use requires both simulation (of the real world) and immersion (e.g., a vivid environment), it is trickier to implement effectively.

scholarly journals Implementasi Metode Luther untuk Pengembangan Media Pengenalan Tata Surya Berbasis Virtual Reality

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Adhe Pandhu Dwi Prayogha ◽  
Mudafiq Riyan Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Real World ◽  
Multimedia Applications ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
The Real ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Artificial World ◽  
Virtual Reality Application

The purpose of virtual reality is to enable a motor and cognitive sensor activity ofsomeone in the artificial world created digitally to become imaginary, symbolic orsimulate certain aspects in the real world [1]. This technology is applied to the mediaintroduction of the solar system using the Luther method. The Luther Method consistsof 6 stages, namely Concept, Design, Material Collecting, Assembly, Testing, andDistribution. Luther method has advantages compared to other methods because thereare stages of material collecting which is an important stage in the development ofmultimedia and this Luther method can be done in parallel or can go back to theprevious stage [2]. At the Assembly stage the implementation uses the Unity Engineand Google VR SDK for Unity, the result is a virtual reality application that can displaythe solar system with 3-dimensional objects and an explanation is available on eachobject. While testing the blackbox on a variety of Android devices with differentspecifications. From the results of the application of the Luther method, it is verystructured and can run well in the development of multimedia applications, while theresults of testing, this Android-based virtual reality application cannot run on devicesthat do not have Gyroscope sensors and can run on devices with a minimumspecification of 1GB RAM will but the rendering process on 3D objects is slow.

scholarly journals My VRchive. Developing a Methodology for creating Immersive Gaming Content and Interaction for Virtual Reality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gerrit Jacobus van Rooyen
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Real World ◽  
Interaction Design ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
The Real ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Content Generation

<p>Writing for and designing a methodology for Virtual Reality (VR) can be difficult as the technology around this medium grows at a fast pace. Many game designers and directors of VR experiences still claim to make things up as they go along, with no definitive methodology for content and interaction design existing yet. So far, some guidelines have been set to help prevent discomfort, but clearly not enough has been done to look at how and why we should design for VR specifically. As VR is a very immersive medium that can allow the user to potentially use their entire body as they would in the real world to interact with an experience, we need to take precedents from real world interaction when designing VR experiences. This thesis focuses specifically on game design and content generation by looking at board and table top elements as the realworld precedent. To demonstrate my findings, I have created an experience named My VRchive. Much like a sketchbook an animator uses to save ideas for later use, My VRchive will house small experiences created from my research, into content and interaction design, in a format that can be added to and shared. At the finalisation of this thesis three experiences were created. My theory is that if more designers adopt this strategy, we can all add to this growing methodology of how to develop immersive content and interaction for VR gaming and experiences.</p>

Virtual reality: Using the virtual world to improve quality of life in the real world

2001 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Page L. Anderson ◽  
Barbara O. Rothbaum ◽  
Larry Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Real World ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
The Real

scholarly journals Difference between the Real World and Virtual World

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Real World ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Actual World ◽  
Scientific Representation ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Difference

The development of virtual reality brings an old and historic question on the difference between the real world and unreal world. In this paper, starting from the concept of representation, I argued that what we call “virtual reality” is a representation of an actual or non-actual world and the criterion of difference between the “real world” and “virtual reality” is whether we present it with the intention of using it as a representation. After that, the thesis is demonstrated again from different theories of scientific representation. Therefore, the intuitive distinction between the “real world” and “virtual reality” can be drawn on the epistemological criterion; that is to say, the virtual world is a representation while the real world is not.

scholarly journals Exploring sensorimotor performance and user experience within a virtual reality golf putting simulator

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Harris ◽  
Gavin Buckingham ◽  
Mark R. Wilson ◽  
Jack Brookes ◽  
Faisal Mushtaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Real World ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The Real ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Golf Putting ◽  
Effective Transfer

Abstract In light of recent advances in technology, there has been growing interest in virtual reality (VR) simulations for training purposes in a range of high-performance environments, from sport to nuclear decommissioning. For a VR simulation to elicit effective transfer of training to the real-world, it must provide a sufficient level of validity, that is, it must be representative of the real-world skill. In order to develop the most effective simulations, assessments of validity should be carried out prior to implementing simulations in training. The aim of this work was to test elements of the physical fidelity, psychological fidelity and construct validity of a VR golf putting simulation. Self-report measures of task load and presence in the simulation were taken following real and simulated golf putting to assess psychological and physical fidelity. The performance of novice and expert golfers in the simulation was also compared as an initial test of construct validity. Participants reported a high degree of presence in the simulation, and there was little difference between real and virtual putting in terms of task demands. Experts performed significantly better in the simulation than novices (p = .001, d = 1.23), and there was a significant relationship between performance on the real and virtual tasks (r = .46, p = .004). The results indicated that the simulation exhibited an acceptable degree of construct validity and psychological fidelity. However, some differences between the real and virtual tasks emerged, suggesting further validation work is required.

scholarly journals Stroke Gait Rehabilitation: A Comparison of End-Effector, Overground Exoskeleton, and Conventional Gait Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 2627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Goffredo ◽  
Chiara Iacovelli ◽  
Emanuele Russo ◽  
Sanaz Pournajaf ◽  
Chiara Di Blasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Gait Rehabilitation ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
End Effector ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Clinically Significant

Gait recovery is one of the main goals of post-stroke rehabilitation and Robot-Assisted Gait Training (RAGT) has shown positive outcomes. However, there is a lack of studies in the literature comparing the effects of different devices. This paper aims to study the effects, in terms of clinical and gait outcomes, of treadmill-based and overground RAGT, compared to conventional gait training in stroke subjects. The results showed a significant improvement of clinical outcomes in both robotic treatments and in conventional therapy. The performance of locomotor tasks was clinically significant in the robotic groups only. The spatio-temporal gait parameters did not reveal any significant difference. Results suggest future multicentre studies on a larger number of subjects.

How Much of What We Learn in Virtual Reality Transfers to Real-World Navigation?

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 479-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Hejtmanek ◽  
Michael Starrett ◽  
Emilio Ferrer ◽  
Arne D. Ekstrom
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Real World ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
Desktop Computer ◽  
The Real ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Spatial Environment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Past studies suggest that learning a spatial environment by navigating on a desktop computer can lead to significant acquisition of spatial knowledge, although typically less than navigating in the real world. Exactly how this might differ when learning in immersive virtual interfaces that offer a rich set of multisensory cues remains to be fully explored. In this study, participants learned a campus building environment by navigating (1) the real-world version, (2) an immersive version involving an omnidirectional treadmill and head-mounted display, or (3) a version navigated on a desktop computer with a mouse and a keyboard. Participants first navigated the building in one of the three different interfaces and, afterward, navigated the real-world building to assess information transfer. To determine how well they learned the spatial layout, we measured path length, visitation errors, and pointing errors. Both virtual conditions resulted in significant learning and transfer to the real world, suggesting their efficacy in mimicking some aspects of real-world navigation. Overall, real-world navigation outperformed both immersive and desktop navigation, effects particularly pronounced early in learning. This was also suggested in a second experiment involving transfer from the real world to immersive virtual reality (VR). Analysis of effect sizes of going from virtual conditions to the real world suggested a slight advantage for immersive VR compared to desktop in terms of transfer, although at the cost of increased likelihood of dropout. Our findings suggest that virtual navigation results in significant learning, regardless of the interface, with immersive VR providing some advantage when transferring to the real world.

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