scholarly journals Conditional Cell Reprogramming in Modeling Digestive System Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruihua Zhao ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Tianqi An ◽  
Xuefeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Mouse Fibroblast ◽  
Precision Oncology ◽  
Rock Inhibitor ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Digestive System Diseases

Digestive diseases have become an important source of morbidity and mortality. The considerable financial and health burdens caused by digestive diseases confirm the importance of extensive research to better understand and treat these diseases. The development of reliable preclinical models is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of digestive diseases and developing treatment and prevention methods. However, traditional established cell lines and animal models still have many limitations in the study of the digestive system. Conditional reprogramming (CR) cell culture is a newly developed primary technology that uses irradiated Swiss-3T3-J2 mouse fibroblast cells and the Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 to rapidly and efficiently generate many cells from diseased and normal tissues. CR cells (CRCs) can be reprogrammed to maintain a highly proliferative state and recapitulate the histological and genomic features of the original tissue. Moreover, after removing these conditions, the phenotype was completely reversible. Therefore, CR technology may represent an ideal model to study digestive system diseases, to test drug sensitivity, to perform gene profile analysis, and to undertake xenograft research and regenerative medicine. Indeed, together with organoid cultures, CR technology has been recognized as one of the key new technologies by NIH precision oncology and also used for NCI human cancer model initiatives (HCMI) program with ATCC. In this article, we review studies that use CR technology to conduct research on diseases of the digestive system.

Investigation of Disease Spectrum and Analysis of Risk Factor for Digestive System Diseases of Chinese Army During a Field Training on The Midland of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanjun Zhang ◽  
Mingyang Li ◽  
Fan Lin ◽  
Yizhe Zhang ◽  
Haohui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Field Training ◽  
System Disease ◽  
Disease Spectrum ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Digestive System Diseases

Abstract Objective To investigate the digestive disease spectrum of Chinese army servicemen during a field training on the midland and to analyze risk factors of diseases in order to discuss the relative prevention and treatment strategies.Methods Seven troops during a field training on the midland of China were randomly selected by using stratified cluster random sampling methods, all soldiers in that received a questionnaire survey, and then we collected all questionnaires and summarized the soldiers’ digestive system disease spectrum, and discussed risk factors for diseases.Results 3055 valid questionnaires were finally collected,896 soldiers had digestive symptoms, and of all symptoms diarrhea was the most common,whose ratio was 29.3%; 507 soldiers suffered from digestive system diseases, including gastritis, enteritis,digestive ulcer, functional bowel disease, which were more common. By the logistic regression analysis, length of military service time, identity of army officer,length of a field training time,training pressure, chilled abdomen, and defiled food were possible risk factors for digestive diseases.Conclusions During a field training, a healthy and regular diet, the thermal outfit, appropriate decompression of negative emotions and reasonable training time may effectively decrease the risk of digestive diseases, so that to reduce attrition.

Digestive system diseases associated with Turner's syndrome in 3 pediatric cases

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamia Gargouri ◽  
Faten Hadjkacem ◽  
Dorra Ghorbel ◽  
Faiza Safi ◽  
Manel Hsairi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Turner's Syndrome ◽  
Turner’S Syndrome ◽  
Digestive System Diseases

A Review of the Bioactive Ingredients, Pharmacological Functions and Mechanisms of Inonotus obliquus

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulinigaer Anwaier ◽  
Cong Wen ◽  
Yi-ni Caoili ◽  
Rong Qi
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Inonotus Obliquus ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Medicinal Fungus ◽  
Digestive System Diseases

: As a medicinal fungus, Inonotus obliquus (IO) has been widely used in the treatment of cancer and digestive system diseases. Despite the progress that has been made in the studies of IO and its active compounds, their applications in other important clinical diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, which are major global issues with limited treatment strategies, are seldom reported. This review summarizes the separation and purification methods of chemical components of IO, the advances in their applications, and research progress on the pharmacological effects and related mechanisms of IO in disease prevention. This review will help researchers and clinicians to further understand the pharmacological functions and mechanisms of IO and its active components, which may extend their medical applications in the prevention and treatment of other diseases in addition to tumors and digestive system diseases in the near future.

IMPROVEMENT OF MEDICAL SUPPLIES TO HELP WITH DISORDERS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM FUNCTION DURING SPACE MISSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
V.V. Bogomolov ◽  
◽  
A.V. Polyakov ◽  
I.V. Kovachevich ◽  
L.G. Repenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Histamine Receptor ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Histamine Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Analysis of digestive function (DF) disorders in cosmonauts-participants in 83 main missions to the station Mir and ISS showed that episodic DF problems had been abated successfully with the help of onboard medicaments. Comparative assessment of the spaceflight adversities and digestive disease risk factors resulted in drawing up a list of predictable digestive diseases that includes the gastroesophageal reflux disease, irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspesia. Following the ensuing recommendations, the onboard medical kits have been complemented with the proton pump inhibitors, H2-histamine receptor antagonists, prokinetics of new classes, antibacterials, ursodesocholic acid preparations, and probiotics to treat gut dysbiosis. A broad use of prefilled syringes is advisable.

scholarly journals Shape-memory implants in abdominal surgery

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
G. Ts. Dambayev ◽  
V. E. Gyunter ◽  
M. M. Soloviyov ◽  
V. R. Latypov ◽  
O. A. Fatyushina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Perforated Ulcer ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Clinic Experience ◽  
Digestive System Diseases

Here are represented our results according to making and clinical using of different TiNi devices for treatment of digestive system diseases. Constructions for perfoming of compression anastomoses, cliping of tubular structures during laparoscopic operations and perforated ulcer plastic. Materials of experimental investigations and clinic experience of 220 cases treatment are represented.

scholarly journals FIREVAT: finding reliable variants without artifacts in human cancer samples using etiologically relevant mutational signatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunbin Kim ◽  
Andy Jinseok Lee ◽  
Jongkeun Lee ◽  
Hyonho Chun ◽  
Young Seok Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Variant Calling ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Cancer Genome ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Precision Oncology ◽  
Mutational Signatures ◽  
Accurate Identification

Abstract Background Accurate identification of real somatic variants is a primary part of cancer genome studies and precision oncology. However, artifacts introduced in various steps of sequencing obfuscate confidence in variant calling. Current computational approaches to variant filtering involve intensive interrogation of Binary Alignment Map (BAM) files and require massive computing power, data storage, and manual labor. Recently, mutational signatures associated with sequencing artifacts have been extracted by the Pan-cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) study. These spectrums can be used to evaluate refinement quality of a given set of somatic mutations. Results Here we introduce a novel variant refinement software, FIREVAT (FInding REliable Variants without ArTifacts), which uses known spectrums of sequencing artifacts extracted from one of the largest publicly available catalogs of human tumor samples. FIREVAT performs a quick and efficient variant refinement that accurately removes artifacts and greatly improves the precision and specificity of somatic calls. We validated FIREVAT refinement performance using orthogonal sequencing datasets totaling 384 tumor samples with respect to ground truth. Our novel method achieved the highest level of performance compared to existing filtering approaches. Application of FIREVAT on additional 308 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) samples demonstrated that FIREVAT refinement leads to identification of more biologically and clinically relevant mutational signatures as well as enrichment of sequence contexts associated with experimental errors. FIREVAT only requires a Variant Call Format file (VCF) and generates a comprehensive report of the variant refinement processes and outcomes for the user. Conclusions In summary, FIREVAT facilitates a novel refinement strategy using mutational signatures to distinguish artifactual point mutations called in human cancer samples. We anticipate that FIREVAT results will further contribute to precision oncology efforts that rely on accurate identification of variants, especially in the context of analyzing mutational signatures that bear prognostic and therapeutic significance. FIREVAT is freely available at https://github.com/cgab-ncc/FIREVAT

P5352The main characteristics and multimorbidity in patients with history of stroke, myocardial infarction and their combination (hospital registry data)

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Y Okshina ◽  
M M Lukiyanov ◽  
O M Drapkina ◽  
V G Klyashtorny ◽  
E V Kudryashov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hospital Registry ◽  
Cardiovascular Continuum

Abstract Aim To assess characteristics and patterns of cardiovascular (CV) and non-cardiovascular (non-CV) multimorbidity in patients with history of stroke (STR) without myocardial infarction (STRH), history of myocardial infarction (MI) without stroke (MIH), and their combination (STRH+MIH) on a basis of the hospital registry. Methods The hospital registry included 8954 patients with arterial hypertension (AH), ischemic heart disease, chronic heart failure (CHF), atrial fibrillation (AF) and their combinations hospitalized to the National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine (Moscow, Russia) from 01.04.13 to 31.03.17. 2020 (22.6%) patients had a MIH, 857 (9.6%) – a STRH and 318 (3.6%) had a combination of them. Results The age of patients with MIH was significantly less than in STRH and in the combined group (66.8±11.3 vs 70.8±10.9 and 71.6±9.9 years, p<0.05). 70% of patients in STRH+MIH group had primary MI earlier than STR (on the average 3.8 years). The age of primary MI and STR was 61.3±11.4 and 65.8±11.7 years respectively (p<0.001). 27% of all STRH and 14% of MIH cases were presented in MIH+STRH group. Men prevailed in MIH and MIH+STRH (70% and 64.5%) groups, women – in STRH (59%). In MIH group compared with STRH and STRH+ MIH groups was lower frequency of AH (90.2% vs 97.2%; 96.5%) and AF (21.2% vs 41.5%; 41.5%). CHF patients prevailed in STRH+MIH and MIH groups (70.4%; 57.1% vs 40.7%), p<0.0001. The most number of CV diseases (CVDs) was in STRH+MIH group (3.09±0.8) and less in MIH (2.9±1.0) and STRH (1.96±0.9) groups. In STRH+MIH patients compared with STRH and MIH groups were also more often identified: diabetes (35.2%; 22.3%; 24.7%, p<0.0001), digestive diseases (80.2% vs 73.4%; 75.6%, p<0.0001 and p=0.025), kidney diseases (56.6% vs 44,7%; 29%, p<0.0001 and p=0.0003), respiratory diseases (37.4% vs 23.9%; 31.9%, p=0.005; p=0,001), anemia (12.9% vs 7.9% and 6.9%, p=0.0002 and p=0.009). The number of obese patients did not differ significantly in all groups (33.0%; 30.7%; 28.1%, p>0.05). The average number of comorbid non-CV diseases (non-CVDs) was: 1.96±0.5 in MIH group; 2.03±0.3 in patients with STRH and 2.55±0.3 in STRH+MIH group (p<0.05, adjusted to age and sex). The total number of CVDs and non-CVDs was maximal (5,6) in STRH+MIH group, less in MIH (4.65) and STRH (3,99) groups. Conclusions Patients with history of stroke and myocardial infarction had maximal number both of CVDs and non-CVDs compared with groups of only myocardial infarction or stroke history, i.e. they had the higher CV risk and the most unfavorable profile in hospital registry. So, the multidisciplinary approach for the treatment and prevention in this multimorbid group is most indicated. 70% of patients in combined group had primary MI earlier than primary stroke (on the average 3.8 years). This fact confirmed the suggestion that MI is the earlier part of cardiovascular continuum than stroke.

Active Control Research of SαS Impulse Noise Based on the Nonlinear Transformation

2014 ◽  
Vol 577 ◽  
pp. 816-819
Author(s):  
Pei Li ◽  
Jun Zheng ◽  
Xue Feng Bai ◽  
Xiao Na Song
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Impulse Noise ◽  
Impulsive Noise ◽  
Active Noise Control ◽  
Nonlinear Transformation ◽  
Active Noise ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Previous Algorithm ◽  
Digestive System Diseases

Noise affect people’s all kinds of activities widely, such as sleep and rest, damage to the hearing, and even cause the nervous system, cardiovascular system, digestive system diseases. In practice, we often encounter pulse signals that are extremely harmful to human body health. In this paper, active noise control of symmetric α stable (SαS) distribution impulsive noise is studied. The algorithm based on the nonlinear transformation is proposed. Compared to the previous algorithm, it does not need the parameter selection and thresholds estimation. Results prove the effectiveness of the algorithm.

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