scholarly journals Planctomycetes as Host-Associated Bacteria: A Perspective That Holds Promise for Their Future Isolations, by Mimicking Their Native Environmental Niches in Clinical Microbiology Laboratories

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odilon D. Kaboré ◽  
Sylvain Godreuil ◽  
Michel Drancourt
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Sequence Detection ◽  
Human Pathology

Traditionally recognized as environmental bacteria, Planctomycetes have just been linked recently to human pathology as opportunistic pathogens, arousing a great interest for clinical microbiologists. However, the lack of appropriate culture media limits our future investigations as no Planctomycetes have ever been isolated from patients’ specimens despite several attempts. Several Planctomycetes have no cultivable members and are only recognized by 16S rRNA gene sequence detection and analysis. The cultured representatives are slow-growing fastidious bacteria and mostly difficult to culture on synthetic media. Accordingly, the provision of environmental and nutritional conditions like those existing in the natural habitat where yet uncultured/refractory bacteria can be detected might be an option for their potential isolation. Hence, we systematically reviewed the various natural habitats of Planctomycetes, to review their nutritional requirements, the physicochemical characteristics of their natural ecological niches, current methods of cultivation of the Planctomycetes and gaps, from a perspective of collecting data in order to optimize conditions and the protocols of cultivation of these fastidious bacteria. Planctomycetes are widespread in freshwater, seawater, and terrestrial environments, essentially associated to particles or organisms like macroalgae, marine sponges, and lichens, depending on the species and metabolizable polysaccharides by their sulfatases. Most Planctomycetes grow in nutrient-poor oligotrophic environments with pH ranging from 3.4 to 11, but a few strains can also grow in quite nutrient rich media like M600/M14. Also, a seasonality variation of abundance is observed, and bloom occurs in summer-early autumn, correlating with the strong growth of algae in the marine environments. Most Planctomycetes are mesophilic, but with a few Planctomycetes being thermophilic (50°C to 60°C). Commonly added nutrients are N-acetyl-glucosamine, yeast-extracts, peptone, and some oligo and macro-elements. A biphasic host-associated extract (macroalgae, sponge extract) conjugated with a diluted basal medium should provide favorable results for the success of isolation in pure culture.

scholarly journals Family graveyards form underappreciated local plant diversity hotspots in China's agricultural landscapes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Gong ◽  
Liangtao Li ◽  
Jan C. Axmarcher ◽  
Zhenrong Yu ◽  
Yunhui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Landscape Features ◽  
Habitat Islands ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
Ecological Functioning

AbstractIn the intensively farmed, homogenous agricultural landscape of the North China Plain, family graveyards form distinct cultural landscape features. In addition to their cultural value, these graveyards represent semi-natural habitat islands whose potential roles in biodiversity conservation and ecological functioning has remained poorly understood. In this study, we investigated plant species richness on 199 family graveyards of different ages and sizes. In accordance with biogeography theory, both overall and insect-pollinated plant species richness increased with area and age of graveyards. Even small graveyards show a strong potential for conserving local plant richness, and a mosaic of both large and small family graveyards could play an important role in the conservation of farmland biodiversity and related ecosystem functions. The launch of agri-environmental measures that conserve and create semi-natural habitats, in turn benefitting agricultural biodiversity and ecological functioning, has proven difficult in China due to the shortage of dispensable arable land. Given the great value of family graveyards as semi-natural habitats reflected in our study, we propose to focus preliminary efforts on conserving these landscape features as existing, widespread and culturally important semi-natural habitat islands. This would represent an effective, complementary policy to a subsequent re-establishment of other semi-natural habitats for the conservation of biodiversity and ecological functioning in agricultural landscapes.

scholarly journals Skin bacteria of rainbow trout antagonistic to the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mio Takeuchi ◽  
Erina Fujiwara-Nagata ◽  
Taiki Katayama ◽  
Hiroaki Suetake
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Fish Disease ◽  
Flavobacterium Psychrophilum ◽  
Skin Bacteria ◽  
Coldwater Disease

AbstractRainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS) and bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) is a globally distributed freshwater fish disease caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum. In spite of its importance, an effective vaccine is not still available. Manipulation of the microbiome of skin, which is a primary infection gate for pathogens, could be a novel countermeasure. For example, increasing the abundance of specific antagonistic bacteria against pathogens in fish skin might be effective to prevent fish disease. Here, we combined cultivation with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to obtain insight into the skin microbiome of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and searched for skin bacteria antagonistic to F. psychrophilum. By using multiple culture media, we obtained 174 isolates spanning 18 genera. Among them, Bosea sp. OX14 and Flavobacterium sp. GL7 respectively inhibited the growth of F. psychrophilum KU190628-78 and NCIMB 1947T, and produced antagonistic compounds of < 3 kDa in size. Sequences related to our isolates comprised 4.95% of skin microbial communities, and those related to strains OX14 and GL7 respectively comprised 1.60% and 0.17% of the skin microbiome. Comparisons with previously published microbiome data detected sequences related to strains OX14 and GL7 in skin of other rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon.

Aspects of the Water, Electrolyte and Carbohydrate Physiology of the Silvereye, Zosterops Lateralis (Aves).

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 695 ◽  
Author(s):  
IJ Rooke ◽  
SD Bradshaw ◽  
RA Langworthy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
Zosterops Lateralis ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Free Ranging

Total body water content (TBW) and TBW turnover were measured by means of tritiated water (HTO) in free-ranging populations of silvereyes, Zosterops lateralis, near Margaret River, W.A. Birds were studied in their natural habitats during spring and summer, and compared with a vineyard population in summer. In the natural habitat TBW content was found to be 77.6% in spring, which was not significantly different from that measured in summer (78.3%). Birds in vineyards in summer, however, were dehydrated, with a TBW content of 69.4%. Calculated rates of water influx for spring, summer and summer vineyards birds were 1.44,2.20 and 0.65 ml g.day-' respectively. These water turnover rates are much higher than those of any other bird yet studied. Dehydration was marked in the vineyard birds, with a significantly lower TBW content and an average net water loss of 0.63 ml day-'. Laboratory studies showed that silvereyes have a low tolerance to sodium loading. Their tolerance is, however, quite adequate for them to drink the most concentrated free water available to them in the field. Ingestion of concentrated sugar solutions of up to 25% did not provoke an osmotic diuresis and thus cannot account for the dehydration and negative water balance of vineyard birds.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM RAW MILK SOLD IN DIFFERENT MARKETS OF BANGLADESH

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Islam ◽  
S. M. L. Kabir ◽  
M. T. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test

The study was intended for molecular detection of S. aureus isolated from raw cow’s milk. A total of 20 milk samples were collected from different upazila markets of Jamalpur, Tangail, Kishoreganj and Netrokona districts of Bangladesh. Milk samples were cultured onto various culture media for the isolation of bacteria. The isolated bacteria were identified by studying cultural properties on different selective media, biochemical tests, and finally by PCR. Out of 20 samples, 15 (75%) milk samples were found to be positive for S. aureus. S. aureus specific 16S rRNA gene was amplified from all isolates and identified as S. aureus. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was carried out to ascertain the susceptibility of the organism to various antibiotics. Its results showed that the S. aureus isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (100%), erythromycin (73.33%) and tetracycline (73.33%) but sensitive to azithromycin (93.33%), ciprofloxacin (93.33%), gentamicin (100%), norfloxacin (86.67%) and streptomycin (86.67%).

scholarly journals Media composition affects seed dormancy, apical dominance and phenolic profile of Knautia sarajevensis (Dipsacaceae), Bosnian endemic

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erna Karalija ◽  
Sanja Ćavar Zeljković ◽  
Petr Tarkowski ◽  
Edina Muratović ◽  
Adisa Parić
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
High Concentrations

AbstractKnautia sarajevensisis an endemic plant of the Dinaric Alps and is mainly distributed on Bosnian Mountains. Due to the quite large flower heads and easy maintenance, this plant has a potential use as a substitute ornamental plant forK. arvensisin perennial beds. The current study evaluated the germination process in different treatments in an attempt to suppress dormancy and increase germination rate, and to develop a successful protocol for micropropagation. An over 60% germination rate was achieved through cultivation of seeds on MS basal medium with reduced mineral nutrient composition and the absence of sucrose. On the other hand, a below 10% germination rate was achieved with untreated seeds. Suppression of apical dominance was achieved through application of high concentrations of kinetin, apical shoot decapitation or cultivation of shoots in liquid media. Overall, liquid cultures were more successful as a micropropagation system for this plant. Shoots spontaneously developed roots on multiplication treatments and were successfully acclimatized. Moreover, phenolic compound profile was analysed in the light of the possible medicinal potential of this plant. Variable amounts of total phenolic compounds as well as individual phenolics were recorded, according to treatment and solidification of media. An increase in rosmarinic acid content was reported for kinetin treatments and acclimatized plants comparing to mother plants in natural habitat. The present study shows that choice of cytokinin concentration, explant type as well as culture type influences not only shoot proliferation and apical dominance suppression but alsoin vitroproduction of phenolics.

Croissance et fructification de Ceratocystis spp. avec attention particulière à C. piceae et C. fimbriata, en fonction du substrat

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-363
Author(s):  
A. Thuillier ◽  
P. Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Malt Agar ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Ceratocystis Fimbriata ◽  
Good Production ◽  
Wood Extracts ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
Better Than

Ceratocystis coerulescens, C. fimbriata, C. ips, and C. minor were tested for production of sexual fruiting bodies, and C. penicillata and C. piceae for asexual fruiting bodies. Ceratocystis fimbriata produced perithecia easily on standard culture media, but there were marked differences between the two strains tested (503, 560). Strain 503 had a good production of fruiting bodies on malt agar (M) and a basal nutrient solution (N). Strain 560 fared better than 503 on Leonian agar (L), but did not fructify on M and N. Supplementing media with various wood extracts produced better results. M + maple sapwood extracts and L + poplar sapwood extracts gave the best results with strain 503, and L + pine sapwood extracts was the best with strain 560.Production of coremia was also influenced by the basal medium and the kind of extracts added as supplements. Fir and maple extracts stimulated the production of fruiting bodies, whereas pine and poplar extracts had no or very little stimulating effects. In every other species tested, the production of fruiting bodies was none or very irregular. [Journal translation]

scholarly journals Clostridium schirmacherense sp. nov., an obligately anaerobic, proteolytic, psychrophilic bacterium isolated from lake sediment of Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Imteyaz Alam ◽  
Aparna Dixit ◽  
G. S. N. Reddy ◽  
S. Dube ◽  
Meehir Palit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mass ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Psychrophilic Bacterium ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Obligately Anaerobic ◽  
Schirmacher Oasis ◽  
Genome Level ◽  
Clostridium Subterminale

A novel obligately anaerobic, proteolytic bacterium, designated AP15T, was isolated from lake sediments of Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica. The bacterium produced maximum cell mass between 5 and 10 °C in an anaerobic basal medium containing 0·5 % tryptone and peptone. The strain grew optimally at a pH around 8·0 and tolerated NaCl up to a concentration of 7·5 %. It contained diphosphatidylglycerol as the major phospholipid and C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. Several amino acids, including arginine, leucine, isoleucine, cysteine, glutamate and serine, supported growth. Glutamate was degraded to acetate, propionate, CO2 and H2. In addition, the strain degraded carbohydrates including glucose, raffinose, adonitol, ribose and rhamnose. The main fermentation products during growth on glucose were H2, CO2, formate, acetate, propionate and isovalerate. The DNA G+C content of the bacterium was 24 mol%. On the basis of a phylogenetic analysis, strain AP15T is identified as a close relative of Clostridium subterminale ATCC 25774T, with which it shares 99·5 % similarity at the 16S rRNA gene sequence level; however, it exhibits a low DNA–DNA binding value (55 %) to this strain at the whole-genome level. In addition to showing other major differences with respect to C. subterminale and other members of the genus Clostridium, AP15T also exhibits phenotypic differences. On the basis of these differences, strain AP15T is identified as representing a novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium schirmacherense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AP15T (=DSM 17394T=JCM 13289T).

scholarly journals Rapid Assessment and Ground Truthing of Habitat Composition and Analysis of Semi-Natural Habitat Diversity of Proposed Greenway Developments

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Julien Carlier ◽  
James Moran
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Land Use Intensification ◽  
Ground Truthing

Across Europe, Greenways upcycle disused railway infrastructure into non-motorised public infrastructure, often with limited consideration to potential ecological synergies. Pre-development, disused transport corridors become relatively undisturbed and potentially host diverse semi-natural habitats. The study objectives were 1) to produce a highly detailed and accurate dataset using remote sensing with rapid assessment techniques for ground truthing and 2) subsequently examine habitat diversity existing along a proposed Greenway. A 7000 ha study corridor was based on a disused railway proposed as a transfrontier Greenway connecting the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom. The study applied a rapid-assessment virtual validation techniquealongside remote sensing and accuracy assessment. Inter-relationship between seminatural habitat diversity and land-use intensification was examined. Remote sensing accuracies of 89% and 99% for a real and linear habitat classification were obtained. Degrees of land-use intensification were observed throughout the corridor, highlighting the importance of maintaining and enhancing remaining semi-natural habitat that exists along the proposed Greenway route. Through understanding the landscape matrix composition and semi-natural habitat diversity, European Greenwayscan achieve multi-functionality for ecosystem conservation, forming integral components of Green Infrastructure.

scholarly journals A simple method of suspending implant wear particles for more physiological modelling of cell-particle interactions in vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Poon
Keyword(s):  
Wear Debris ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Wear Particle ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Implant Wear

AbstractArthroplasty implants e.g. hip, knee, spinal disc sustain relatively high compressive loading and friction wear, which lead to the formation of wear particles or debris between articulating surfaces. Despite advances in orthopaedic materials and surface treatments, the production of wear debris from any part of a joint arthroplasty implant is currently unavoidable. Implant wear debris induces host immune responses and inflammation, which causes patient pain and ultimately implant failure through progressive inflammation-mediated osteolysis and implant loosening, where the severity and rate of periprosthetic osteolysis depends on the material and physicochemical characteristics of the wear particles. Evaluating the cytotoxicity of implant wear particles is important for regulatory approved clinical application of arthroplasty implants, as is the study of cell-particle response pathways. However, the wear particles of polymeric materials commonly used for arthroplasty implants tend to float when placed in culture media, which limits their contact with cell cultures. This study reports a simple means of suspending wear particles in liquid medium using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) to provide a more realistic proxy of the interaction between cells and tissues to wear particles in vivo, which are free-floating in synovial fluid within the joint cavity. Low concentrations of NaCMC dissolved in culture medium were found to be effective for suspending polymeric wear particles. Such suspensions may be used as more physiologically-relevant means for testing cellular responses to implant wear debris, as well as studying the combinative effects of shear and wear particle abrasion on cells in a dynamic culture environments such as perfused tissue-on-chip devices.

scholarly journals Metodyka waloryzacji przyrodniczej. Część II: Zastosowania w praktyce ocen oddziaływania przedsięwzięć na środowisko

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-96
Author(s):  
Piotr Matyjasiak
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Proper Time ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Ecological Connectivity ◽  
Resource Service

The aim of this paper is (i) to review the method of valorization of natural resources as applied in the environmental impact assessment, and (ii) to develop recommendations on how valorization expertise should be prepared in order to be comprehensive and transparent. Valorization is the proper time to carry out identi>cation of the possible negative environmental impacts and damages of a planned project. It is recommended to perform valorization due to the state (numbers) and functions (quality) of natural resources. This approach is related to the concept of environmental damage, which is defined as a measurable adverse change in a natural resource or measurable impairment of a natural resource service (which means the functions performed by a natural resource for the benefit of another natural resource or the public). Valorization of natural resources should include an assessment of potential environmental damage, including an impact on the local biodiversity, the ecological connectivity, the N2000 network, and the legally protected areas. The valorization of natural resources should be performed at the following thematic levels focusing on the role of the area under consideration due to: (1) the implementation of the objectives of protection of Nature 2000 network and its overall coherence, (2) the implementation of the objectives of protection of legally protected areas other than N2000, (3) the maintenance of the ecological connectivity in a context other than the coherence of Nature 2000 network, (4) the maintenance of species and natural habitats with favorable conservation status, (5) the conservation of species and natural habitat types that are not legally protected.

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