scholarly journals Systemic Antibiotics Influence Periodontal Parameters and Oral Microbiota, But Not Serological Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Kopra ◽  
Laura Lahdentausta ◽  
Milla Pietiäinen ◽  
Kåre Buhlin ◽  
Päivi Mäntylä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics

The use of systemic antibiotics may influence the oral microbiota composition. Our aim was to investigate in this retrospective study whether the use of prescribed antibiotics associate with periodontal status, oral microbiota, and antibodies against the periodontal pathogens. The Social Insurance Institution of Finland Data provided the data on the use of systemic antibiotics by record linkage to purchased medications and entitled reimbursements up to 1 year before the oral examination and sampling. Six different classes of antibiotics were considered. The Parogene cohort included 505 subjects undergoing coronary angiography with the mean (SD) age of 63.4 (9.2) years and 65% of males. Subgingival plaque samples were analysed using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridisation. Serum and saliva antibody levels to periodontal pathogens were analysed with immunoassays and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activity with the LAL assay. Systemic antibiotics were prescribed for 261 (51.7%) patients during the preceding year. The mean number of prescriptions among them was 2.13 (range 1–12), and 29.4% of the prescriptions were cephalosporins, 25.7% penicillins, 14.3% quinolones, 12.7% macrolides or lincomycin, 12.0% tetracycline, and 5.8% trimethoprim or sulphonamides. In linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, current smoking, and diabetes, number of antibiotic courses associated significantly with low periodontal inflammation burden index (PIBI, p < 0.001), bleeding on probing (BOP, p = 0.006), and alveolar bone loss (ABL, p = 0.042). Cephalosporins associated with all the parameters. The phyla mainly affected by the antibiotics were Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes. Their levels were inversely associated with the number of prescriptions (p = 0.010 and p < 0.001) and directly associated with the time since the last prescription (p = 0.019 and p < 0.001). Significant inverse associations were observed between the number of prescriptions and saliva concentrations of Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola and subgingival bacterial amounts of Porphyromonas gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythia, and T. denticola. Saliva or serum antibody levels did not present an association with the use of antibiotics. Both serum (p = 0.031) and saliva (p = 0.032) LPS activity was lower in patients having any antibiotic course less than 1 month before sampling. Systemic antibiotics have effects on periodontal inflammation and oral microbiota composition, whereas the effects on host immune responses against the periodontal biomarker species seem unchanged.

scholarly journals Previous COVID-19 Infection and Antibody Levels After Vaccination

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamad Ali ◽  
Barrak Alahmad ◽  
Abdullah A. Al-Shammari ◽  
Abdulmohsen Alterki ◽  
Maha Hammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Previous Infection ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vaccine Shortages ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Ig G

Background: The emergence of new COVID-19 variants of concern coupled with a global inequity in vaccine access and distribution has prompted many public health authorities to circumvent the vaccine shortages by altering vaccination protocols and prioritizing persons at high risk. Individuals with previous COVID-19 infection may not have been prioritized due to existing humoral immunity.Objective: We aimed to study the association between previous COVID-19 infection and antibody levels after COVID-19 vaccination.Methods: A serological analysis to measure SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA, and neutralizing antibodies was performed on individuals who received one or two doses of either BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 vaccines in Kuwait. A Student t-test was performed and followed by generalized linear regression models adjusted for individual characteristics and comorbidities were fitted to compare the average levels of IgG and neutralizing antibodies between vaccinated individuals with and without previous COVID-19 infection.Results: A total of 1,025 individuals were recruited. The mean levels of IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibodies were higher in vaccinated subjects with previous COVID-19 infections than in those without previous infection. Regression analysis showed a steeper slope of decline for IgG and neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated individuals without previous COVID-19 infection compared to those with previous COVID-19 infection.Conclusion: Previous COVID-19 infection appeared to elicit robust and sustained levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in vaccinated individuals. Given the inconsistent supply of COVID-19 vaccines in many countries due to inequities in global distribution, our results suggest that even greater efforts should be made to vaccinate more people, especially individuals without previous COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Effect of Multiple Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Detection of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Virus Antibodies

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman A. Pinsky ◽  
Jeanne M. Huddleston ◽  
Robert M. Jacobson ◽  
Peter C. Wollan ◽  
Gregory A. Poland
Keyword(s):  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Fresh Serum ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Adult Volunteers

ABSTRACT We investigated the effect of multiple freeze-thaw cycles on mumps, measles, and rubella virus serum antibody levels with whole-virus immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunoassays. Fresh serum samples from nine healthy adult volunteers were divided into six sets of five aliquots each. Samples were taken through a total of 10 freeze-thaw cycles and stored at 4°C until assayed. Each assay measurement was done in replicates of five, and the mean value was reported. After completing 10 freeze-thaw cycles, we found no clinically or statistically significant effect on measured antibody levels and found no discernible detrimental effect on the ability to measure these antibodies by enzyme-linked immunoassays.

scholarly journals Periodontal dysbiosis linked to periodontitis is associated with cardiometabolic adaptation to high-fat diet in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (11) ◽  
pp. G1091-G1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Branchereau ◽  
François Reichardt ◽  
Pascale Loubieres ◽  
Pauline Marck ◽  
Aurélie Waget ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Alveolar Bone Loss ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cardiac Phenotype ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation

Periodontitis and type 2 diabetes are connected pandemic diseases, and both are risk factors for cardiovascular complications. Nevertheless, the molecular factors relating these two chronic pathologies are poorly understood. We have shown that, in response to a long-term fat-enriched diet, mice present particular gut microbiota profiles related to three metabolic phenotypes: diabetic-resistant (DR), intermediate (Inter), and diabetic-sensitive (DS). Moreover, many studies suggest that a dysbiosis of periodontal microbiota could be associated with the incidence of metabolic and cardiac diseases. We investigated whether periodontitis together with the periodontal microbiota may also be associated with these different cardiometabolic phenotypes. We report that the severity of glucose intolerance is related to the severity of periodontitis and cardiac disorders. In detail, alveolar bone loss was more accentuated in DS than Inter, DR, and normal chow-fed mice. Molecular markers of periodontal inflammation, such as TNF-α and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 mRNA levels, correlated positively with both alveolar bone loss and glycemic index. Furthermore, the periodontal microbiota of DR mice was dominated by the Streptococcaceae family of the phylum Firmicutes, whereas the periodontal microbiota of DS mice was characterized by increased Porphyromonadaceae and Prevotellaceae families. Moreover, in DS mice the periodontal microbiota was indicated by an abundance of the genera Prevotella and Tannerella, which are major periodontal pathogens. PICRUSt analysis of the periodontal microbiome highlighted that prenyltransferase pathways follow the cardiometabolic adaptation to a high-fat diet. Finally, DS mice displayed a worse cardiac phenotype, percentage of fractional shortening, heart rhythm, and left ventricle weight-to-tibia length ratio than Inter and DR mice. Together, our data show that periodontitis combined with particular periodontal microbiota and microbiome is associated with metabolic adaptation to a high-fat diet related to the severity of cardiometabolic alteration.

scholarly journals Porphyromonas gingivalisandTreponema denticolaMixed Microbial Infection in a Rat Model of Periodontal Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj K. Verma ◽  
Sunethra Rajapakse ◽  
Archana Meka ◽  
Clayton Hamrick ◽  
Sheela Pola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Treponema Denticola ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Th2 Immune Response ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Antibody Levels

Porphyromonas gingivalisandTreponema denticolaare periodontal pathogens that express virulence factors associated with the pathogenesis of periodontitis. In this paper we tested the hypothesis thatP. gingivalisandT. denticolaare synergistic in terms of virulence; using a model of mixed microbial infection in rats. Groups of rats were orally infected with eitherP. gingivalisorT. denticolaor mixed microbial infections for 7 and 12 weeks.P. gingivalisgenomic DNA was detected more frequently by PCR thanT. denticola. Both bacteria induced significantly high IgG, IgG2b, IgG1, IgG2a antibody levels indicating a stimulation of Th1 and Th2 immune response. Radiographic and morphometric measurements demonstrated that rats infected with the mixed infection exhibited significantly more alveolar bone loss than shaminfected control rats. Histology revealed apical migration of junctional epithelium, rete ridge elongation, and crestal alveolar bone resorption; resembling periodontal disease lesion. These results showed thatP. gingivalisandT. denticolaexhibit no synergistic virulence in a rat model of periodontal disease.

Associations Between Serum Antibody Levels to Periodontal Pathogens and Early-Onset Periodontitis

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 1463-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasim M. Albandar ◽  
Ann M DeNardin ◽  
Margo R. Adesanya ◽  
Scott R. Diehl ◽  
Deborah M. Winn
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Antibody Levels

scholarly journals Coronavirus Occurrence in the HIVE Cohort of Michigan Households: Reinfection frequency and serologic responses to seasonal and SARS coronaviruses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua G Petrie ◽  
Latifa A Bazzi ◽  
Adrian B McDermott ◽  
Dean Follmann ◽  
Dominic Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Infection ◽  
Binding Assay ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Binding Antibody ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract Background We investigated frequency of reinfection with seasonal coronaviruses (HCoV) and serum antibody response following infection over 8 years in the Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation cohort. Methods Households were followed annually for identification of acute respiratory illness with RT-PCR confirmed HCoV infection. Serum collected before and at two time points post infection were tested using a multiplex binding assay to quantify antibody to seasonal, SARS-CoV-1, and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins and SARS-CoV-2 spike sub-domains and N protein. Results Of 3418 participants, 40% were followed for ≥3years. A total of 1004 HCoV infections were documented; 303 (30%) were reinfections of any HCoV type. The number of HCoV infections ranged from 1 to 13 per individual. The mean time to reinfection with the same type was estimated at 983 days for 229E, 578 days for HKU1, 615 days for OC43, and 711 days for NL63. Binding antibody levels to seasonal HCoVs were high, with little increase post-infection, and were maintained over time. Homologous, pre-infection antibody levels did not significantly correlate with odds of infection, and there was little cross response to SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Conclusions Reinfection with seasonal HCoVs is frequent. Binding anti-spike protein antibodies do not correlate with protection from seasonal HCoV infection.

scholarly journals Previous COVID-19 infection and antibody levels after vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamad Ali ◽  
Barrak Alahmad ◽  
Abdullah A. Al-Shammari ◽  
Abdelmohsen Al-Terki ◽  
Maha Hammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Serological Analysis ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vaccine Shortages ◽  
Antibody Levels

AbstractBackgroundThe emergence of new COVID-19 variants of concern coupled with a global inequity in vaccine access and distribution, prompted many public health authorities to circumvent the vaccine shortages by altering vaccination protocols and prioritizing high-risk individuals. Those with previous COVID-19 infection may have not been prioritized due to existing humoral immunity.ObjectiveWe aim to study the association between previous COVID-19 infection and antibody levels after COVID-19 vaccination.MethodsA serological analysis to measure SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgA and neutralizing antibodies was performed on individuals who received one or two doses of either BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 vaccines in Kuwait. Generalized linear regression models adjusted for individual characteristics and comorbidities were fitted to study the average levels of IgG and neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated individuals based who had previous COVID-19 infection compared to those who had not.ResultsA total of 1025 individuals were recruited. The mean levels of IgG, IgA and neutralizing antibodies were higher in vaccinated subjects with previous COVID-19 infection when compared with those vaccinated without previous COVID-19 infection. Regression analysis showed a steeper slope of decline for IgG in vaccinated individuals without previous COVID-19 infection in comparison with vaccinated individuals with previous COVID-19 infection.ConclusionPrevious COVID-19 infection appears to elicit robust and sustained levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in vaccinated individuals. Given the inconsistent supply of COVID-19 vaccines in many countries due to the global inequity, our results point towards wider vaccination plans to especially cover individuals without previous COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Characterization of Naturally Acquired Immunity to a Panel of Antigens Expressed in Mature P. falciparum Gametocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle K. Muthui ◽  
Eizo Takashima ◽  
Brian R. Omondi ◽  
Christine Kinya ◽  
William I. Muasya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Transmission Blocking ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Acquired Immune Responses ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Variant Antigen

IntroductionNaturally acquired immune responses against antigens expressed on the surface of mature gametocytes develop in individuals living in malaria-endemic areas. Evidence suggests that such anti-gametocyte immunity can block the development of the parasite in the mosquito, thus playing a role in interrupting transmission. A better comprehension of naturally acquired immunity to these gametocyte antigens can aid the development of transmission-blocking vaccines and improve our understanding of the human infectious reservoir.MethodsAntigens expressed on the surface of mature gametocytes that had not previously been widely studied for evidence of naturally acquired immunity were identified for protein expression alongside Pfs230-C using either the mammalian HEK293E or the wheat germ cell-free expression systems. Where there was sequence variation in the candidate antigens (3D7 vs a clinical isolate PfKE04), both variants were expressed. ELISA was used to assess antibody responses against these antigens, as well as against crude stage V gametocyte extract (GE) and AMA1 using archived plasma samples from individuals recruited to participate in malaria cohort studies. We analyzed antibody levels (estimated from optical density units using a standardized ELISA) and seroprevalence (defined as antibody levels greater than three standard deviations above the mean levels of a pool of malaria naïve sera). We described the dynamics of antibody responses to these antigens by identifying factors predictive of antibody levels using linear regression models.ResultsOf the 25 antigens selected, seven antigens were produced successfully as recombinant proteins, with one variant antigen, giving a total of eight proteins for evaluation. Antibodies to the candidate antigens were detectable in the study population (N = 216), with seroprevalence ranging from 37.0% (95% CI: 30.6%, 43.9%) for PSOP1 to 77.8% (95% CI: 71.6%, 83.1%) for G377 (3D7 variant). Responses to AMA1 and GE were more prevalent than those to the gametocyte proteins at 87.9% (95% CI: 82.8%, 91.9%) and 88.3% (95% CI: 83.1%, 92.4%), respectively. Additionally, both antibody levels and breadth of antibody responses were associated with age and concurrent parasitaemia.ConclusionAge and concurrent parasitaemia remain important determinants of naturally acquired immunity to gametocyte antigens. Furthermore, we identify novel candidates for transmission-blocking activity evaluation.

scholarly journals Oral Microbiota Transplant in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Periodontitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452199542
Author(s):  
T. Beikler ◽  
K. Bunte ◽  
Y. Chan ◽  
B. Weiher ◽  
S. Selbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Taxonomic Assignment ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Naturally Occurring

In periodontitis patients, dysbiosis of the oral microbiota is not only found at clinically diseased periodontal sites but also at clinically healthy periodontal sites, buccal mucosae, tongue, and saliva. The present study evaluated the safety and efficacy of an oral microbiota transplant (OMT) for the treatment of periodontitis in dogs. Eighteen systemically healthy beagle dogs with naturally occurring periodontitis were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to a test or control group. A 4-y-old, periodontally healthy female beagle dog served as a universal OMT donor. To reduce periodontal inflammation, all dogs received full-mouth mechanical debridement of teeth and mucosae 2 wk before baseline. At baseline, full-mouth mechanical debridement was repeated and followed by adjunctive subgingival and oral irrigation with 0.1% NaOCl. Subsequently, test dogs were inoculated with an OMT from the healthy donor. No daily oral hygiene was performed after OMT transplantation. Adverse events were assessed throughout the observation period. Clinical examinations were performed and whole-mouth oral microbiota samples were collected at week 2, baseline, week 2, and week 12. The composition of oral microbiota samples was analyzed using high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing followed by taxonomic assignment and downstream bioinformatic and statistical analyses. Results demonstrated that the intergroup difference in the primary outcome measure, probing pocket depth at week 12, was statistically insignificant. However, the single adjunctive OMT had an additional effect on the oral microbiota composition compared to the full-mouth mechanical and antimicrobial debridement alone. The OMT resulted in an “ecological shift” toward the composition of the donor microbiota, but this was transient in nature and was not observed at week 12. No local or systemic adverse events were observed throughout the study period. The results indicate that OMT may modulate the microbiota composition in dogs with naturally occurring periodontitis and can be applied safely.

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