scholarly journals Oral Microbiota Transplant in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Periodontitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452199542
Author(s):  
T. Beikler ◽  
K. Bunte ◽  
Y. Chan ◽  
B. Weiher ◽  
S. Selbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Taxonomic Assignment ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Naturally Occurring

In periodontitis patients, dysbiosis of the oral microbiota is not only found at clinically diseased periodontal sites but also at clinically healthy periodontal sites, buccal mucosae, tongue, and saliva. The present study evaluated the safety and efficacy of an oral microbiota transplant (OMT) for the treatment of periodontitis in dogs. Eighteen systemically healthy beagle dogs with naturally occurring periodontitis were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to a test or control group. A 4-y-old, periodontally healthy female beagle dog served as a universal OMT donor. To reduce periodontal inflammation, all dogs received full-mouth mechanical debridement of teeth and mucosae 2 wk before baseline. At baseline, full-mouth mechanical debridement was repeated and followed by adjunctive subgingival and oral irrigation with 0.1% NaOCl. Subsequently, test dogs were inoculated with an OMT from the healthy donor. No daily oral hygiene was performed after OMT transplantation. Adverse events were assessed throughout the observation period. Clinical examinations were performed and whole-mouth oral microbiota samples were collected at week 2, baseline, week 2, and week 12. The composition of oral microbiota samples was analyzed using high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing followed by taxonomic assignment and downstream bioinformatic and statistical analyses. Results demonstrated that the intergroup difference in the primary outcome measure, probing pocket depth at week 12, was statistically insignificant. However, the single adjunctive OMT had an additional effect on the oral microbiota composition compared to the full-mouth mechanical and antimicrobial debridement alone. The OMT resulted in an “ecological shift” toward the composition of the donor microbiota, but this was transient in nature and was not observed at week 12. No local or systemic adverse events were observed throughout the study period. The results indicate that OMT may modulate the microbiota composition in dogs with naturally occurring periodontitis and can be applied safely.

scholarly journals Systemic Antibiotics Influence Periodontal Parameters and Oral Microbiota, But Not Serological Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Kopra ◽  
Laura Lahdentausta ◽  
Milla Pietiäinen ◽  
Kåre Buhlin ◽  
Päivi Mäntylä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics

The use of systemic antibiotics may influence the oral microbiota composition. Our aim was to investigate in this retrospective study whether the use of prescribed antibiotics associate with periodontal status, oral microbiota, and antibodies against the periodontal pathogens. The Social Insurance Institution of Finland Data provided the data on the use of systemic antibiotics by record linkage to purchased medications and entitled reimbursements up to 1 year before the oral examination and sampling. Six different classes of antibiotics were considered. The Parogene cohort included 505 subjects undergoing coronary angiography with the mean (SD) age of 63.4 (9.2) years and 65% of males. Subgingival plaque samples were analysed using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridisation. Serum and saliva antibody levels to periodontal pathogens were analysed with immunoassays and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activity with the LAL assay. Systemic antibiotics were prescribed for 261 (51.7%) patients during the preceding year. The mean number of prescriptions among them was 2.13 (range 1–12), and 29.4% of the prescriptions were cephalosporins, 25.7% penicillins, 14.3% quinolones, 12.7% macrolides or lincomycin, 12.0% tetracycline, and 5.8% trimethoprim or sulphonamides. In linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, current smoking, and diabetes, number of antibiotic courses associated significantly with low periodontal inflammation burden index (PIBI, p < 0.001), bleeding on probing (BOP, p = 0.006), and alveolar bone loss (ABL, p = 0.042). Cephalosporins associated with all the parameters. The phyla mainly affected by the antibiotics were Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes. Their levels were inversely associated with the number of prescriptions (p = 0.010 and p < 0.001) and directly associated with the time since the last prescription (p = 0.019 and p < 0.001). Significant inverse associations were observed between the number of prescriptions and saliva concentrations of Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola and subgingival bacterial amounts of Porphyromonas gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythia, and T. denticola. Saliva or serum antibody levels did not present an association with the use of antibiotics. Both serum (p = 0.031) and saliva (p = 0.032) LPS activity was lower in patients having any antibiotic course less than 1 month before sampling. Systemic antibiotics have effects on periodontal inflammation and oral microbiota composition, whereas the effects on host immune responses against the periodontal biomarker species seem unchanged.

scholarly journals Oral Microbiota Profile of Individuals Who Abuse Methamphetamine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongde Yang ◽  
Xuan Yu ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Kuan Zeng ◽  
Guangya Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Oral Disease Prevention

The poor oral health condition of individuals who abuse methamphetamine (MA) is well known. The roles of the oral and fecal microbiomes in addiction and nervous system diseases have been the focus of many studies. However, changes in the microbiota composition of MA users have not been reported. This was addressed in the present study in 20 MA users and 14 sex-matched healthy subjects. Saliva samples were collected and high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed to evaluate oral microbiome profiles. The results showed that species richness was significantly lower in the MA group than in the control group. Bacterial taxa that are known to be related to oral diseases such as Negativicutes, Veillonellaceae, Veillonella, and Selenomonadales had higher relative abundance in the MA group than in the control group, and the relative abundance of Prevotella melaninogenica—a putative etiologic agent of periodontal disease—was also higher. Avoiding MA use and improving oral hygiene practices over a short term (i.e., during hospitalization for 2 weeks) did not alter the oral microbiota composition of MA users. Although the causal relationship between changes in oral microbiome profile and MA abuse remains to be determined, our results suggest that oral disease prevention and treatment strategies are important for MA users.

scholarly journals Salivary Interleukin-1 Levels in Chronic Periodontitis Patients after use of Nigella Sativa (Kalonji) Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Ghazala Hassan ◽  
◽  
Sarah Ghafoor ◽  
Saima Chaudhry ◽  
Zubair Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Statistical Interpretation ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Nigella Sativa Oil ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation

OBJECTIVE: Periodontitis is the second most prevalent microbiome associated inflammatory disease posing a threat to oral health. Nigella sativa (Kalonji) has been used since ancient times as a remedy for oral inflammatory conditions. Interleukin1 (IL-1 ) is critical for periodontal inflammation, collagen degradation and bone turn over. The motive of our study was to determine the change in the levels of salivary IL-1 after the use of Nigella sativa oil to determine if it has any correlation with salivary IL-1 . METHODOLOGY: A parallel-arm triple-blind placebo-based randomized control trial was conducted on a total of ninety three patients. Out of these, fifty individuals with chronic periodontitis were included in the study as per the eligibility criteria. Baseline screening of the participants was done via clinical periodontal parameters such as periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BoP). These individuals were categorized into two groups; 1. Control Group (n=25), which was given normal saline as placebo; 2. Treatment Group, which was given Nigella sativa oil (n=25). All participants underwent scaling and root planing before the start of the trial. The intervention was given for two weeks. Salivary samples were collected on day 0 and day 15 and were evaluated for interleukin-1 levels using ELISA. The statistical interpretation was done using IBM SPSS (version 25.0, SPSS Inc.) on forty participants due to loss to follow up. RESULTS: Levels of salivary interleukin-1 came out to be statistically insignificant after two-week use of Nigella sativa oil. CONCLUSION: No correlation was found between the salivary IL-1 and the use of Nigella sativa oil in patients with chronic periodontitis in contrast to the patients using normal saline. KEYWORDS: Chronic periodontitis, Interleukin-1 , Nigella sativa, Kalonji, Salivary HOW TO CITE: Hassan G, Ghafoor S, Chaudhry S, Khan ZA. Salivary interleukin-1 Levels in chronic periodontitis patients after use of nigella sativa (Kalonji) oil. J Pak Dent Assoc 2020;29(4):205-210.

scholarly journals The effect of toxic pyridine-alkaloid secondary metabolites on the sunbird gut microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohanraj Gunasekaran ◽  
Maya Lalzar ◽  
Yehonatan Sharaby ◽  
Ido Izhaki ◽  
Malka Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
And Control ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

AbstractSunbirds feed on tobacco tree nectar which contains toxic nicotine and anabasine secondary metabolites. Our aim was to understand the effect of nicotine and anabasine on the gut microbiota composition of sunbirds. Sixteen captive sunbirds were randomly assigned to two diets: artificial nectar either with (treatment) or without (control) added nicotine and anabasine. Excreta were collected at 0, 2, 4 and 7 weeks of treatment and samples were processed for bacterial culture and high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The gut microbiome diversity of the treated and control birds changed differently along the seven-week experiment. While the diversity decreased in the control group along the first three samplings (0, 2 and 4 weeks), it increased in the treatment group. The microbiota composition analyses demonstrated that a diet with nicotine and anabasine, significantly changed the birds’ gut microbiota composition compared to the control birds. The abundance of nicotine- and anabasine- degrading bacteria in the excreta of the treated birds, was significantly higher after four and seven weeks compared to the control group. Furthermore, analysis of culturable isolates, including Lactococcus, showed that sunbirds’ gut-associated bacteria were capable of degrading nicotine and anabasine, consistent with their hypothesised role as detoxifying and nutritional symbionts.

scholarly journals Third generation cephalosporins and piperacillin/tazobactam have distinct impacts on the microbiota of critically ill patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasinika K. A. H. Gamage ◽  
Carola Venturini ◽  
Sasha G. Tetu ◽  
Masrura Kabir ◽  
Vineet Nayyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

AbstractEffective implementation of antibiotic stewardship, especially in critical care, is limited by a lack of direct comparative investigations on how different antibiotics impact the microbiota and antibiotic resistance rates. We investigated the impact of two commonly used antibiotics, third-generation cephalosporins (3GC) and piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) on the endotracheal, perineal and faecal microbiota of intensive care patients in Australia. Patients exposed to either 3GC, TZP, or no β-lactams (control group) were sampled over time and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was performed to examine microbiota diversity and composition. While neither treatment significantly affected diversity, numerous changes to microbiota composition were associated with each treatment. The shifts in microbiota composition associated with 3GC exposure differed from those observed with TZP, consistent with previous reports in animal models. This included a significant increase in Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae abundance in endotracheal and perineal microbiota for those administered 3GC compared to the control group. Culture-based analyses did not identify any significant changes in the prevalence of specific pathogenic or antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Exposure to clinical antibiotics has previously been linked to reduced microbiota diversity and increased antimicrobial resistance, but our results indicate that these effects may not be immediately apparent after short-term real-world exposures.

Sucrose and Facilitated Tucking for Pain Among Neonates Receiving Vaccination, in Puducherry

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujatha S. ◽  
Rebecca Samson ◽  
Christopher Amalraj ◽  
Sundaresan Sundaresan
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Intradermal Injection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intradermal Vaccination ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Pharmacologic Agents ◽  
Study Intervention

Neglected pain in neonates leads to various ill effects and it can be prevented by using simple and safe non-pharmacological pain relieving measures. Pharmacologic agents are not recommended in neonates for acute pain due toinvasive procedures however, administration of 24% oralsucrose solutionis found to be effective. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of 24%oral sucrose in combination with Facilitated tucking during BCG Vaccination through intradermalroute in term neonates which is not done elsewhere. Fifty five healthy term neonates who fulfilled the inclusion criteria such as gestational age above 37 weeks, within 24 hoursof birth age, and neonates delivered only through spontaneous vaginal delivery were included in the study. The study intervention consists of administration of 2 ml of oral 24% sucrose 2 minutes before BCG Vaccination through intradermal route and Facilitated tuckingat the time of vaccination. The primary outcome measure of cumulative NIPS score at 0, 3,5 minuteswas not significant in both the study groups. Whereas there was significant reduction in the level of pain and mean cry time in the neonates of sucrose group. Heart rateand oxygen saturation after intradermal injection also showed significant (p less than 0.001) differenceamong the neonates, who received 24% of oral sucroseand Facilitated tucking than for neonates of control group. Thus oral (24%)sucrose solution given 2 minutes before injection was effective in reducing level of neonatal pain following Intradermal Vaccination. It is a simple, safe and fast acting analgesic and should be considered for minor invasive procedures in term neonates which last for 5-7minutes.

Optimization of the terms of supportive periodontal therapy using photoactivated disinfection

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Atrushkevich ◽  
L. Yu. Orekhova ◽  
O. O. Yanushevich ◽  
E. Yu. Sokolova ◽  
E. S. Loboda
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Ozone Therapy ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Supportive Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Tannerella Forsythensis ◽  
Observation Period

Relevance: to indentify if periodontal treatment which is presented by photoactivated disinfection (PAD) adjunctively to scaling and root planing (SRP) yield better outcomes than ozone therapy as an adjunct to SRP in periodontitis.Materials and methods: we examined 57 (mean age 49,3 ± 1,02) patients with chronic periodontitis, divided into groups, SRP + PAD, SRP + ozone therapy and SRP alone. Subgingival plaque samples were subjected to DNA extraction and real time PCR amplifcation for detection Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Tannerella forsythensis (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). The amount of periodontopathogens and clinical parameters including plaque index, clinical attachment loss, pocket depth, bleeding on probing were measured at baseline, after 40, 90 and 180 days.Results: the results in groups of PAD+SRP and ozone therapy+SRP showed an improvement in all clinical parameters PI, BOP, PD, CAL and the quantity of Pg, Td and Tf compared to the control group during an observation period.Conclusion: the results showed additional benefts from PAD and ozone therapy as an adjunctive treatment to SRP for patients of chronic periodontitis.

Clinical effectiveness of the composition of muramylpeptides from gram-negative bacteria in the treatment of severe chronic generalized periodontitis

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
A.I. Grudyanov ◽  
E.V. Fomenko ◽  
O.V. Kalyuzhin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Clinical Indices ◽  
Periodontal Indices

The effectiveness of the immunomodulator Polymuramil (PM) was determined in the treatment of 40 patients with severe chronic generalized periodontitis based on the dynamics of the values of periodontal indices and the content of periodontal pathogens in the periodontal pockets. Patients of the main group (20 people) were treated with professional hygiene (PGO) in combination with daily intramuscular PM for 5 days at a dose of 200 mcg. Patients of the control group (20 people) were performed only PGO. The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated based on the dynamics of the clinical indices of Muehlemann and PMA and the presence or absence of major periodontal pathogens in the periodontal pockets. Results: in patients of the main group, the phenomena of periodontal inflammation and the main periodontal pathogens were eliminated in a shorter time and to a greater extent in comparison with patients of the control group

Efficacy and Safety of Non-Steroidal Anti-Androgens in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Rashid ◽  
Madhan Ramesh ◽  
K. Shamshavali ◽  
Amit Dang ◽  
Himanshu Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the sixth primary cause of cancer death. However, conflicts are present about the efficacy and safety of Non-steroidal anti-androgens (NSAA) for its treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of NSAAs versus any comparator for the treatment of advanced or metastatic PCa (mPCa). Methodology: MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library were searched. References of included studies and clinicaltrials.gov were also searched for relevant studies. Only English language studies after 1990 were considered for review. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy and safety of NSAAs as compared with any other comparator including surgery or chemotherapy in mPCa patients were included. The outcomes include efficacy, safety and the tolerability of the treatment. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used for quality assessment. Two authors were independently involved in the selection, extraction and quality assessment of included studies and disagreements were resolved by discussion or by consulting a third reviewer. Results: Fifty-eight out of 1307 non-duplicate RCTs with 29154 patients were considered for the review. NSAA showed significantly better progression-free survival [PFS] (Hazard ratio [HR], 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46-0.78; P=0.0001), time to distant metastasis or death [TTD] (HR, 0.80; 95% CI 0.73-0.91; p<0.0001), objective response (Odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% CI 1.06-2.54; P=0.03) and clinical benefits (OR, 1.33; 95% CI 1.08-1.63; P=0.006) as compared to the control group. There was no significant difference observed between the groups in terms of overall survival (HR, 0.95; 95%CI, 0.87-1.03; P=0.18) and time to progression (HR, 0.93; 95% CI 0.77-1.11; P=0.43). Treatment-related adverse events were more with the NSAA group, but the discontinuation due to lack of efficacy reason was 43% significantly lesser than the control group in patients with mPCa. Rest of the outcomes were appeared to be non-significant. Conclusion: Treatment with NSAA was appeared to be better efficacious with respect to PFS, TTD, and response rate with considerable adverse events when compared to the control group in patients with metastatic PCa.

An Internet-based health gateway device for interactive communication and automatic data uploading: Clinical efficacy for type 2 diabetes in a multi-centre trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Hyoung Cho ◽  
Hun-Sung Kim ◽  
Seung Hyun Yoo ◽  
Chang Hee Jung ◽  
Woo Je Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Diabetes Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Automatic Data

Introduction The aim of this study was to improve the quality of diabetes control and evaluate the efficacy of an Internet-based integrated healthcare system for diabetes management and safety. Methods We conducted a large-scale, multi-centre, randomized clinical trial involving 484 patients. Patients in the intervention group ( n = 244) were treated with the Internet-based system for six months, while the control group ( n = 240) received the usual outpatient management over the same period. HbA1c, blood chemistries, anthropometric parameters, and adverse events were assessed at the beginning of the study, after three months, and the end of the study. Results There were no initial significant differences between the groups with respect to demographics and clinical parameters. Upon six-month follow-up, HbA1c levels were significantly decreased from 7.86 ± 0.69% to 7.55 ± 0.86% within the intervention group ( p < 0.001) compared to 7.81 ± 0.66% to 7.70 ± 0.88% within the control group. Postprandial glucose reduction was predominant. A subgroup with baseline HbA1c higher than 8% and good compliance achieved a reduction of HbA1c by 0.8 ± 1.05%. Glucose control and waist circumference reduction were more effective in females and subjects older than 40 years of age. There were no adverse events associated with the intervention. Discussion This e-healthcare system was effective for glucose control and body composition improvement without associated adverse events in a multi-centre trial. This system may be effective in improving diabetes control in the general population.

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