Protein Tyrosine and Serine/Threonine Phosphorylation in Oral Bacterial Dysbiosis and Bacteria-Host Interaction

The human oral cavity harbors approximately 1,000 microbial species, and dysbiosis of the microflora and imbalanced microbiota-host interactions drive many oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Oral microbiota homeostasis is critical for systemic health. Over the last two decades, bacterial protein phosphorylation systems have been extensively studied, providing mounting evidence of the pivotal role of tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphorylation in oral bacterial dysbiosis and bacteria-host interactions. Ongoing investigations aim to discover novel kinases and phosphatases and to understand the mechanism by which these phosphorylation events regulate the pathogenicity of oral bacteria. Here, we summarize the structures of bacterial tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases and phosphatases and discuss the roles of tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphorylation systems in Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans, emphasizing their involvement in bacterial metabolism and virulence, community development, and bacteria-host interactions.

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Rebalance the oral microbiota as efficacy tool in endocrine, metabolic, and immune disorders

Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871530320666200729142504 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ciro Gargiulo Isacco ◽

Andrea Ballini ◽

Danila De Vito ◽

Kieu Cao Diem Nguyen ◽

Stefania Cantore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systemic Disease ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

The Body ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Philosophical Approach ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Cardio Vascular Disease ◽

Cardio Vascular

: The current treatment and prevention of oral disorders follow a very sectoral control and procedures considering mouth and its structures as system completely independent from the rest of the body. The main therapeutic approach is carried out on just to keep the levels of oral bacteria and hygiene in an acceptable range compatible with one-way vision of oral-mouth health completely separated from a systemic microbial homeostasis (eubiosis vs dysbiosis). This can negatively impact on the diagnosis of more complex systemic disease and its progression. Dysbiosis is consequence of oral and gut microbiota unbalance with consequences, as reported in current literature, in cardio vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease. Likewise, there is the need to highlight and develop a novel philosophical approach in the treatments for oral diseases that will necessarily involve non-conventional approaches.

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Single-Cell Genomics and the Oral Microbiome

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034520907380 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (6) ◽

pp. 613-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Balachandran ◽

K.L. Cross ◽

M. Podar

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Single Cell ◽

Single Cells ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Interspecies Interactions ◽

Single Cell Genomics

The human oral cavity is one of the first environments where microbes have been discovered and studied since the dawn of microbiology. Nevertheless, approximately 200 types of bacteria from the oral microbiota have remained uncultured in the laboratory. Some are associated with a healthy oral microbial community, while others are linked to oral diseases, from dental caries to gum disease. Single-cell genomics has enabled inferences on the physiology, virulence, and evolution of such uncultured microorganisms and has further enabled isolation and cultivation of several novel oral bacteria, including the discovery of novel interspecies interactions. This review summarizes some of the more recent advances in this field, which is rapidly moving toward physiologic characterization of single cells and ultimately cultivation of the yet uncultured. A combination of traditional microbiological approaches with genomic-based physiologic predictions and isolation strategies may lead to the oral microbiome being the first complex microbial community to have all its members cultivable in the laboratory. Studying the biology of the individual microbes when in association with other members of the community, in controlled laboratory conditions and in vivo, should lead to a better understanding of oral dysbiosis and its prevention and reversion.

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Personalized Dentistry: Approaching a New Way for Diagnosis and Treatment of Oral Diseases

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm10020035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Romeo Patini

Keyword(s):

In Vivo Studies ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Bacterial Populations ◽

Treatment Techniques ◽

Wide Range ◽

Analysis Of Results

For years, it has been thought that the field of dentistry was referring exclusively to some diseases that strictly affect the oral cavity. Dental caries, periodontal disease, and pathologies associated with their worsening were considered almost the only interest in scientific research in dentistry. Recent studies have begun to shed light on the effect of the oral microbiota on general health and on the crucial role of dentistry in its maintenance. In this way, we came to understand that the bacterial populations that make up the oral microbiota can vary profoundly between individuals and that contribute in a fundamental way to outlining the so-called “oral signature”. This characteristic is called into question to evaluate the susceptibility, or lack thereof, of the subject to the contraction of a wide range of pathologies, apparently not connected with oral health. From this evidence, it will also be possible to study therapeutic approaches aimed at the eradication of species considered at risk or colonization with species considered protective; thus, giving life to so-called “personalized dentistry”. Therefore, this Special Issue is aimed at spreading the scientific knowledge over the current limits in terms of new molecular and culturomic approaches towards the diagnosis of oral microbiota and the treatment techniques of eventually associated systemic diseases. In vivo studies and systematic literature reviews with quantitative analysis of results, when possible, will be given a high priority.

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The role of the oral microbiota in chronic non-communicable disease and its relevance to the Indigenous health gap in Australia

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-020-01308-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Matilda Handsley-Davis ◽

Lisa Jamieson ◽

Kostas Kapellas ◽

Joanne Hedges ◽

Laura S. Weyrich

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Indigenous Health ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Indigenous Australians ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Emotional Wellbeing ◽

Health Gap ◽

Systemic Health

Abstract Background Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders (hereafter respectfully referred to as Indigenous Australians) experience disproportionately poor health and low life expectancy compared to non-Indigenous Australians. Poor oral health is a critical, but understudied, contributor to this health gap. A considerable body of evidence links poor oral health to increased risks of other chronic non-communicable conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and poor emotional wellbeing. Main The oral microbiota is indisputably associated with several oral diseases that disproportionately affect Indigenous Australians. Furthermore, a growing literature suggests direct and indirect links between the oral microbiota and systemic chronic non-communicable diseases that underpin much of the Indigenous health gap in Australia. Recent research indicates that oral microbial communities are shaped by a combination of cultural and lifestyle factors and are inherited from caregivers to children. Systematic differences in oral microbiota diversity and composition have been identified between Indigenous and non-Indigenous individuals in Australia and elsewhere, suggesting that microbiota-related diseases may be distinct in Indigenous Australians. Conclusion Oral microbiota research involving Indigenous Australians is a promising new area that could benefit Indigenous communities in numerous ways. These potential benefits include: (1) ensuring equity and access for Indigenous Australians in microbiota-related therapies; (2) opportunities for knowledge-sharing and collaborative research between scientists and Indigenous communities; and (3) using knowledge about the oral microbiota and chronic disease to help close the gaps in Indigenous oral and systemic health.

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Oral probiotic and its delivery carriers to improve oral health: A review

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/mic.0.001076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 167 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Yu-Hsuan How ◽

Siok-Koon Yeo

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Health Effects ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Probiotic Product ◽

Adherence Ability ◽

Probiotic Delivery

In recent years, oral probiotics have been researched on their effectiveness in reducing and preventing oral diseases. Oral probiotics could be introduced into the oral cavity to keep the equilibrium of the microbiome. Hence, the delivery carrier for oral probiotics plays an important factor to ensure a high number of oral probiotics were delivered and released into the oral cavity. This review presents a brief overview of oral microbiota and the role of oral probiotics in reducing oral diseases. Moreover, important aspects of the oral probiotic product such as viability, adherence ability, health effects, safety, and delivery site were discussed. Besides that, the importance of utilizing indigenous oral probiotics was also emphasized. Oral probiotics are commonly found in the market in the form of chewing tablets, lozenges, and capsules. Hence, the oral probiotic carriers currently used in the market and research were reviewed. Furthermore, this review introduces new potential oral probiotic delivery carriers such as oral strip, bucco-adhesive gel, and mouthwash. Their effectiveness in delivering oral probiotics for oral health was also explored.

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Metabolic and Community Synergy of Oral Bacteria in Colorectal Cancer

mSphere ◽

10.1128/msphere.00102-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Kaitlin J. Flynn ◽

Nielson T. Baxter ◽

Patrick D. Schloss

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Community Members ◽

Content Type ◽

Bacterial Physiology ◽

Oral Biofilms ◽

Two Factors

ABSTRACT The oral periodontopathic bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum has been repeatedly associated with colorectal tumors. Molecular analysis has identified specific virulence factors that promote tumorigenesis in the colon. However, other oral community members, such as members of the Porphyromonas spp., are also found with F. nucleatum on colonic tumors, and thus, narrow studies of individual pathogens do not take community-wide virulence properties into account. A broader view of oral bacterial physiology and pathogenesis identifies two factors that could promote colonization and persistence of oral bacterial communities in the colon. The polymicrobial nature of oral biofilms and the asaccharolytic metabolism of many of these species make them well suited to life in the microenvironment of colonic lesions. Consideration of these two factors offers a novel perspective on the role of oral microbiota in the initiation, development, and treatment of colorectal cancer.

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Traditional Medicinal Plant Extracts and Natural Products with Activity against Oral Bacteria: Potential Application in the Prevention and Treatment of Oral Diseases

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1093/ecam/nep067 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 154

Author(s):

Enzo A. Palombo

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Mutans Streptococci ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽

Prevention And Treatment

Oral diseases are major health problems with dental caries and periodontal diseases among the most important preventable global infectious diseases. Oral health influences the general quality of life and poor oral health is linked to chronic conditions and systemic diseases. The association between oral diseases and the oral microbiota is well established. Of the more than 750 species of bacteria that inhabit the oral cavity, a number are implicated in oral diseases. The development of dental caries involves acidogenic and aciduric Gram-positive bacteria (mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and actinomycetes). Periodontal diseases have been linked to anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis,Actinobacillus,PrevotellaandFusobacterium). Given the incidence of oral disease, increased resistance by bacteria to antibiotics, adverse affects of some antibacterial agents currently used in dentistry and financial considerations in developing countries, there is a need for alternative prevention and treatment options that are safe, effective and economical. While several agents are commercially available, these chemicals can alter oral microbiota and have undesirable side-effects such as vomiting, diarrhea and tooth staining. Hence, the search for alternative products continues and natural phytochemicals isolated from plants used as traditional medicines are considered as good alternatives. In this review, plant extracts or phytochemicals that inhibit the growth of oral pathogens, reduce the development of biofilms and dental plaque, influence the adhesion of bacteria to surfaces and reduce the symptoms of oral diseases will be discussed further. Clinical studies that have investigated the safety and efficacy of such plant-derived medicines will also be described.

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Defects in Conidiophore Development and Conidium-Macrophage Interactions in a Dioxygenase Mutant of Aspergillus fumigatus

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00009-08 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 76 (7) ◽

pp. 3214-3220 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Taylor R. T. Dagenais ◽

DaWoon Chung ◽

Steven S. Giles ◽

Christina M. Hull ◽

David Andes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽

Essential Role ◽

Octadecadienoic Acid ◽

Wild Type ◽

Host Interactions ◽

Host Interaction ◽

Hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic Acid

ABSTRACT Oxygenated fatty acids, or oxylipins, play an essential role in physiological signaling and developmental processes in animals, plants, and fungi. Previous characterization of three Aspergillus fumigatus dioxygenases (PpoA, PpoB, and PpoC), similar in sequence to mammalian cyclooxygenases, showed that PpoA is responsible for the production of the oxylipins 8R-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid and 5S,8R-dihydroxy-9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic acid and that PpoC is responsible for 10R-hydroxy-8E,12Z-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid. Here, Δppo mutants were characterized to elucidate the role of fungal dioxygenases in A. fumigatus development and host interactions. The ΔppoC strain displayed distinct phenotypes compared to those of other Δppo mutants and the wild type, including altered conidium size, germination, and tolerance to oxidative stress as well as increased uptake and killing by primary alveolar macrophages. These experiments implicate oxylipins in pathogen development and suggest that ΔppoC represents a useful model for studying the A. fumigatus-host interaction.

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Multiple Brain Abscesses of Odontogenic Origin. May Oral Microbiota Affect Their Development? A Review of the Current Literature

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11083316 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 3316

Author(s):

Nicola Montemurro ◽

Paolo Perrini ◽

Walter Marani ◽

Bipin Chaurasia ◽

Massimo Corsalini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Microbiota ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Oral Infections ◽

Odontogenic Infections ◽

Odontogenic Origin ◽

Brain Abscesses ◽

Systemic Infections ◽

Systemic Condition

In the last few years, the role of oral microbiota in the setting of oral diseases such as caries, periodontal disease, oral cancer and systemic infections, including rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease and brain abscess (BA), has attracted the attention of physicians and researchers. Approximately 5–7% of all BAs have an odontogenic origin, representing an important pathological systemic condition with a high morbidity and mortality. A systematic search of two databases (Pubmed and Ovid EMBASE) was performed for studies published up to 5 January 2021, reporting multiple BAs attributed to an odontogenic origin. According to PRISMA guidelines, we included a total of 16 papers reporting multiple BAs due to odontogenic infections. The aim of this review is to investigate the treatment modality and the clinical outcome of patients with multiple BAs due to odontogenic infections, as well as to identify the most common pathogens involved in this pathological status and their role, in the oral microbiota, in the onset of oral infections. A multidisciplinary approach is essential in the management of multiple BAs. Further studies are required to understand better the role of microbiota in the development of multiple BAs.

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Oral Microbiota Associated with Oral and Gastroenteric Cancer

The Open Microbiology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874285802014010001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 1-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Adriana G. Robayo ◽

Raquel F. Hernandez ◽

Alveiro T. Erira ◽

Ljubov Kandaurova ◽

Celia L. Juarez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Systemic Diseases ◽

Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽

Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽

Host Interactions ◽

Normal Microbiota

When the normal microbiota-host interactions are altered, the commensal microbial community evolves to a dysbiotic status resulting in some species becoming pathogenic and acting synergistically in the development of local and systemic diseases, including cancer. Advances in genetics, immunology and microbiology during the last years have made it possible to gather information on the oral and gastrointestinal microbiome and its interaction with the host, which has led to a better understanding of the interrelationship between microbiota and cancer. There is growing evidence in support for the role of some species in the development, progression and responses to treatment of various types of cancer. Accordingly, the number of studies investigating the association between oral microbiota and oral and gastrointestinal cancers has increased significantly during the last years. Here, we review the literature documenting associations of oral microbiota with oral and gastroenteric cancers.

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