Rebalance the oral microbiota as efficacy tool in endocrine, metabolic, and immune disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro Gargiulo Isacco ◽  
Andrea Ballini ◽  
Danila De Vito ◽  
Kieu Cao Diem Nguyen ◽  
Stefania Cantore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Cardio Vascular Disease ◽  
Cardio Vascular

: The current treatment and prevention of oral disorders follow a very sectoral control and procedures considering mouth and its structures as system completely independent from the rest of the body. The main therapeutic approach is carried out on just to keep the levels of oral bacteria and hygiene in an acceptable range compatible with one-way vision of oral-mouth health completely separated from a systemic microbial homeostasis (eubiosis vs dysbiosis). This can negatively impact on the diagnosis of more complex systemic disease and its progression. Dysbiosis is consequence of oral and gut microbiota unbalance with consequences, as reported in current literature, in cardio vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease. Likewise, there is the need to highlight and develop a novel philosophical approach in the treatments for oral diseases that will necessarily involve non-conventional approaches.

scholarly journals The oral and gut microbiota: beyond a short communication

2021 ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Sabino CECI ◽  
Pula BERATE ◽  
Sebastian CANDREA ◽  
Anida-Maria BABTAN ◽  
Daniela AZZOLLINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Introduction. The current treatment and prevention of oral disorders, dental caries, periodontal and gum diseases, follow a very non-specific control of plaque as the main causative factor. The main therapeutically approach is carried out on the sole perspective to keep the levels of oral bacteria in an acceptable range compatible with one-way vision of oral-mouth health, as something completely separated from a systemic microbial homeostasis (dysbiosis) concomitant present in the gut. A sealed compartmental view which sees separate and incommunicable responses to a specific condition without considering the presence of interacting confounding factors can negatively influence the diagnosis a diseases and of course its progression. A general non-specific antimicrobial with more general antiplaque therapy based mainly on oral care products together with surgery interventions represent at the moment the only mechanical responses in treating oral diseases. Material and method. The present paper is a narrative review concening interractions between oral and gut microbiota, with a focus on the interdisciplinary approach in antimicrobial treatment. Pubmed, Cochrane Library database were used for searching engines. Key words used were as follows: “inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS)”, “ulcerative colitis”, “oral dysbiosis”, “gut dysbiosis”, “probiotics”, “periodontitis”. Results and discussions. Literature research showed that there are few issues to be discussed the ever increasing resistance to antibiotics, the high consumption of industrial food and sugars and their negatively effect on gut and oral microbiota. There is a need to highlight and develop a novel philosophical approach in the treatments for oral diseases that will necessarily involve non-conventional antimicrobial solutions. Such approaches should preferably reduce the consumption of both intestinal and oral microbiota, that are intimately connected and host approximately well over 1000 different species of bacteria at 108–109 bacteria per mL of mucous and saliva. Preventive approaches based upon the restoration of the microbial ecological balance, rather than elimination of the disease associated species, have been proposed. Conclusions. Having both oral-gut microbiota screened is an essential moment that influence the healthy immune modulatory and regenerative capacity of the body and, the new proposed formula integrates a wider screen on the patients where oral condition is strictly evaluated together with gut screen; therefore any proposed treatment will be inevitably sustained by the use of prebiotics and probiotics to promote health-associated bacterial growth. Keywords: inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS), ulcerative colitis, oral dysbiosis, gut dysbiosis, probiotics, periodontitis,

scholarly journals Protein Tyrosine and Serine/Threonine Phosphorylation in Oral Bacterial Dysbiosis and Bacteria-Host Interaction

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Ren ◽  
Daonan Shen ◽  
Chengcheng Liu ◽  
Yi Ding
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Metabolism ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Protein ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Systemic Health

The human oral cavity harbors approximately 1,000 microbial species, and dysbiosis of the microflora and imbalanced microbiota-host interactions drive many oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Oral microbiota homeostasis is critical for systemic health. Over the last two decades, bacterial protein phosphorylation systems have been extensively studied, providing mounting evidence of the pivotal role of tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphorylation in oral bacterial dysbiosis and bacteria-host interactions. Ongoing investigations aim to discover novel kinases and phosphatases and to understand the mechanism by which these phosphorylation events regulate the pathogenicity of oral bacteria. Here, we summarize the structures of bacterial tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases and phosphatases and discuss the roles of tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphorylation systems in Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans, emphasizing their involvement in bacterial metabolism and virulence, community development, and bacteria-host interactions.

scholarly journals Single-Cell Genomics and the Oral Microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Balachandran ◽  
K.L. Cross ◽  
M. Podar
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Interspecies Interactions ◽  
Single Cell Genomics

The human oral cavity is one of the first environments where microbes have been discovered and studied since the dawn of microbiology. Nevertheless, approximately 200 types of bacteria from the oral microbiota have remained uncultured in the laboratory. Some are associated with a healthy oral microbial community, while others are linked to oral diseases, from dental caries to gum disease. Single-cell genomics has enabled inferences on the physiology, virulence, and evolution of such uncultured microorganisms and has further enabled isolation and cultivation of several novel oral bacteria, including the discovery of novel interspecies interactions. This review summarizes some of the more recent advances in this field, which is rapidly moving toward physiologic characterization of single cells and ultimately cultivation of the yet uncultured. A combination of traditional microbiological approaches with genomic-based physiologic predictions and isolation strategies may lead to the oral microbiome being the first complex microbial community to have all its members cultivable in the laboratory. Studying the biology of the individual microbes when in association with other members of the community, in controlled laboratory conditions and in vivo, should lead to a better understanding of oral dysbiosis and its prevention and reversion.

scholarly journals Traditional Medicinal Plant Extracts and Natural Products with Activity against Oral Bacteria: Potential Application in the Prevention and Treatment of Oral Diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enzo A. Palombo
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Oral diseases are major health problems with dental caries and periodontal diseases among the most important preventable global infectious diseases. Oral health influences the general quality of life and poor oral health is linked to chronic conditions and systemic diseases. The association between oral diseases and the oral microbiota is well established. Of the more than 750 species of bacteria that inhabit the oral cavity, a number are implicated in oral diseases. The development of dental caries involves acidogenic and aciduric Gram-positive bacteria (mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and actinomycetes). Periodontal diseases have been linked to anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis,Actinobacillus,PrevotellaandFusobacterium). Given the incidence of oral disease, increased resistance by bacteria to antibiotics, adverse affects of some antibacterial agents currently used in dentistry and financial considerations in developing countries, there is a need for alternative prevention and treatment options that are safe, effective and economical. While several agents are commercially available, these chemicals can alter oral microbiota and have undesirable side-effects such as vomiting, diarrhea and tooth staining. Hence, the search for alternative products continues and natural phytochemicals isolated from plants used as traditional medicines are considered as good alternatives. In this review, plant extracts or phytochemicals that inhibit the growth of oral pathogens, reduce the development of biofilms and dental plaque, influence the adhesion of bacteria to surfaces and reduce the symptoms of oral diseases will be discussed further. Clinical studies that have investigated the safety and efficacy of such plant-derived medicines will also be described.

scholarly journals Oral Microbiota Composition and Function Changes During Chronic Erythematous Candidiasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Lyu ◽  
Hui Zheng ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Heyu Zhang ◽  
Lu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Cytochrome Bc1 Complex ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

Oral microbiota is constantly changing with the host state, whereas the oral microbiome of chronic erythematous candidiasis remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to compare oral microbial signatures and functional profiling between chronic erythematous candidiasis and healthy subjects. Using shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we analyzed the microbiome in 12 chronic erythematous candidiasis, 12 healthy subjects, and 2 chronic erythematous candidiasis cured by antifungal therapy. We found that the salivary microbiota of chronic erythematous candidiasis was significantly different from that of healthy subjects. Among them, Rothia mucilaginosa and Streptococcus mitis were the most abundant disease-enriched species (Mann-Whitney U-test, P < 0.05). In addition, co-occurrence network analysis showed that C. albicans formed densely connected modules with oral bacterial species and was mainly positive connected to Streptococcus species. Furthermore, we investigated the functional potentials of the microbiome and identified a set of microbial marker genes associated with chronic erythematous candidiasis. Some of these genes enriching in chronic erythematous candidiasis are involved in eukaryotic ribosome, putative glutamine transport system, and cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit. Altogether, this study revealed the changes of oral microbial composition, the co-occurrence between C. albicans and oral bacteria, as well as the changes of microbial marker genes during chronic erythematous candidiasis, which provides evidence of oral microbiome as a target for the treatment and prevention of chronic erythematous candidiasis.

scholarly journals Oral microbial dysbiosis linked to worsened periodontal condition in rheumatoid arthritis patients

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jôice Dias Corrêa ◽  
Gabriel R. Fernandes ◽  
Débora Cerqueira Calderaro ◽  
Santuza Maria Souza Mendonça ◽  
Janine Mayra Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Subgingival Microbiota

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder associated with increased periodontal destruction. It is thought that RA increases the risk of periodontal disease; it is not known how it influences the oral microbiota. Our aim was to analyze the impact of RA on subgingival microbiota and its association with periodontal inflammation and RA activity. Forty-two patients with RA were compared to 47 control subjects without RA. Patients were screened for probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing and classified as with or without periodontitis. Subgingival plaque was examined by Illumina MiSeq Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene V4 region and inflammatory cytokines were measured in saliva. RA was associated to severe periodontal disease. In addition, the severity of RA, reflected by the number of tender and swollen joints, was significantly correlated with the presence of pathogenic oral bacteria (i.e. Fusobacterium nucleatum and Treponema socransky). Non-periodontitis RA patients compared to healthy controls had increased microbial diversity and bacterial load, higher levels of pathogenic species (Prevotella, Selenomonas, Anaeroglobus geminatus, Parvimonas micra, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) and reduction of health-related species (Streptococcus, Rothia aeria, Kingela oralis). Genes involved with bacterial virulence (i.e. lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, peptidases) were more prevalent in the subgingival metagenome of subjects with RA. In addition, the degree of oral inflammation reflected by IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ salivary levels was increased in non-periodontitis RA patients in comparison with controls. Our findings support the hypothesis that RA triggers dysbiosis of subgingival microbiota, which may contribute to worsening periodontal status.Author SummaryRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by joints inflammation, swelling, pain and stiffness. Exactly what starts this disease is still unclear. Some recent studies have suggested mucosal surfaces in the body, like those in the gums, could affect the disease process. It has been observed that people with RA have higher risk of periodontitis (a bacterial inflammatory disease of the gums), compared with the general population, and this may be the start of the autoimmune process. Also, periodontitis increases the severity of RA while interventions by treating periodontitis can improve the symptoms of RA. One of the possible mechanisms that link the higher prevalence of periodontitis in RA patients is the dysbiosis of the oral microbiota triggered by the chronic inflammation in RA. Increased levels of molecules of inflammation may affect the oral environment and change the type of bacteria that live there. Here, we examined RA patients and healthy subjects, screening their oral health and inflammatory markers. We collected their saliva and the dental plaque from the space between the teeth and the gum. We found that RA patients exhibited severe periodontitis, increased levels of inflammatory mediators on their saliva and distinct bacterial communities, with higher proportions of bacteria species linked to periodontal disease, even in patients without periodontitis. We also found that the presence of these bacteria species was linked to worse RA conditions. Our study provides new insights to understand the bi-directional mechanisms linking periodontal disease to the development of RA, showing that we need to pay attention to the oral cavity in patients with RA and refer people for dental evaluation. This practice might have a positive impact in the course of RA.

scholarly journals The effect of cranberry juice and a cranberry functional beverage on the growth and metabolic activity of selected oral bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina M. Nowaczyk ◽  
Joanna Bajerska ◽  
Małgorzata Lasik-Kurdyś ◽  
Elżbieta Radziejewska-Kubzdela ◽  
Artur Szwengiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Cranberry Juice ◽  
Impedance Measurements ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation

Abstract Background The oral microbiota is a significant risk indicator for oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal inflammation. Much attention is presently paid to the development of functional foods (e.g. beverages containing cranberry constituents, or foods containing probiotics) that may serve as adjuncts for oral disease treatments (e.g. periodontitis and caries). Cranberry fruit, due to its unique chemical composition and antimicrobial potential, is a possible ingredient of such foods. The study aimed to investigate the effects of cranberry juice (CJ) and a cranberry functional beverage (mixture of 80% v/v apple juice, 20% v/v cranberry juice, and 0.25 g/100 mL ground cinnamon; CFB) on the growth and metabolic activity of selected oral bacteria. Methods Serial dilution pour plate method (SDPP) was used to examine the effect of CJ and CFB on the growth of Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei. 48-h electrical impedance measurements (EIM) during the cultivation of A. naeslundii were applied to evaluate the utility of the method as a rapid alternative for the assessment of the antimicrobial potential of cranberry beverages. Results The tested bacteria differed in their susceptibility to the antimicrobial action of CJ and CFB, with L. paracasei subsp. paracasei being least vulnerable to CFB (according to SDPP). Although CJ at a concentration of 0.5 mL/mL, showed a bactericidal effect on the growth of S. mutans, A. naeslundii was more sensitive to CJ (SDPP). Its inhibitory effect on A. naeslundii was seen even at concentrations as small as 0.03125–0.125 mL/mL (SDPP and EIM). On the other hand, S. mutans seemed to be more vulnerable to CFB than A. naeslundii (SDPP). Conclusions CFB may be considered an adjunct in the treatment of oral diseases due to its action against selected oral pathogens, and not against the presumably beneficial L. paracasei subsp. paracasei. Bioelectrical impedance measurements appear to be a quick alternative to evaluating the antimicrobial activity of fruit beverages, but their utility should be confirmed with tests on other bacteria.

Beneficial microbes for the oral cavity: time to harness the oral streptococci?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Burton ◽  
P. Wescombe ◽  
P. Cadieux ◽  
J. Tagg
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Streptococcus Salivarius ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Streptococcal Species

Indigenous microbes are known to influence human health outcomes and various approaches are now being made to positively modulate these microbe-induced outcomes via the administration of probiotics. The application of probiotics that are specific to the oral cavity is a relatively undeveloped field, and their emergence has largely occurred as a reasoned follow-up to initial studies in which probiotics that had already been developed and obtained regulatory approval for intestinal applications were then also evaluated for their putative influence on oral microbiota functionality. These attempts to extend the application of existing probiotics were probably at least in part motivated by recognition of the substantial safety and regulatory hurdles that must be overcome prior to the introduction of a novel probiotic agent. Nevertheless, from an efficacy perspective it appears more logical to develop microbes of oral origin as the specific providers of probiotic solutions for oral diseases, rather than attempting to adapt intestinally-derived strains for this role. Oral bacteria and their bioactive molecules have evolved to operate optimally in this environment and in some cases are known to persist only in oral sites. Amongst the bacteria of more than 700 species now identified within the human oral microbiota, it is the streptococci that are numerically predominant. Although this review highlights the development of the oral cavity bacterium Streptococcus salivarius as an oral probiotic, a number of other streptococcal species have also been shown to have considerable potential as probiotic candidates.

scholarly journals ROLE OF GARLIC IN GERIATRIC DISORDERS – A REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya Yadav ◽  
Vaijnath M. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Dietary Factor ◽  
Cardio Vascular Disease ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
Geriatric Disorder ◽  
Definite Role

Geriatric  disorder is growing problem in today’s era.  By 2050, one fifth of the world will be older than 65 years. As per Vagbhata ‘Vata Dosha’ is predominate in the body in old age. So there will be more catabolic activities taking place in the body which leads to many of chronic diseases like dementia, hypertension, diabetes, cardio vascular disease, etc.              Conventional system of medicine is not satisfactory in this problem as lack of holistic & compre    nsive approach towards this problem. Ayurveda has described Rasayana (Rejuvenation) Therapy which deals with old age complaints.  Rasayana drugs of Ayurveda like Aamalki, Shatavari,  Guduchi, Garlic, etc. are used to prevent,  cure diseases & to promote & preserve health of the healthy. Among these herbs,   Garlic (Allium sativum-Linn) has been widely used as one of the natural Rejuvenator & dietary                                                                                   factor. It treats number of diseases & considered as ‘Superior medicine’ for ‘Vata Dosha’.             Garlic has antioxidant properties, which improve general health & inhibit premature aging. In addition, it has anti-microbial, antihypertensive, anti- diabetic, anti carcinogenic, aphrodisiac & cardiac stimulant properties. Garlic detoxifies organ system, induces relaxation & promotes longevity.                 Scientific studies revealed that, antioxidants drugs have definite role in the prevention of Geriatric diseases. Garlic is cheap, easily available & easy for use.  Keeping all these facts in mind possible role of Garlic in Geriatric care will be discuss in detail in present paper.

EFEKTIVITAS BOOKLET TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP PEMELIHARAAN KESEHATAN GIGI MULUT PADA IBU HAMIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Rahmaini Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Pregnancy causes physiological changes in the body and as well as in the oral cavity. Dental and oral diseases associated with pregnancy that is, gingivitis, periodontitis and pregnancy granuloma. Mouth dental disease during pregnancy is not only influenced by the pregnancy itself but rather the lack of knowledge about dental and oral health maintenance. Efforts to improve the knowledge of pregnant women about oral health is done by providing information, information necessary for health education media. In this case the media is created and used to improve the knowledge of pregnant women is the booklet. This study aimed to analyze the differences in knowledge and attitudes before and after maintenance booklet oral health in pregnant women. This study is a quasi experiment with one group pre  and post test design. The sample is the first trimester pregnant women who come to the health center in Sentosa Baru Medan as many as 34 people. Analysis of the data  forcompare the average difference in scores of knowledge and attitudes before and after the intervention used the Wilcoxon test. The results showed there is an increased knowledge and attitude maintenance of oral health in pregnant women after being given a booklet with a value of p < 0.001, a percentage increase of 30% knowledge and attitudes percentage of 37%. The conclusions of this study is increased knowledge and attitude maintenance of oral health in pregnant women after being given a booklet.

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