scholarly journals Extraction of Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaques From Computed Tomography Imaging: A Review of Recent Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haipeng Liu ◽  
Aleksandra Wingert ◽  
Jian'an Wang ◽  
Jucheng Zhang ◽  
Xinhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Coronary Plaque ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Detailed Classification ◽  
3D Geometry ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: Atherosclerotic plaques are the major cause of coronary artery disease (CAD). Currently, computed tomography (CT) is the most commonly applied imaging technique in the diagnosis of CAD. However, the accurate extraction of coronary plaque geometry from CT images is still challenging.Summary of Review: In this review, we focused on the methods in recent studies on the CT-based coronary plaque extraction. According to the dimension of plaque extraction method, the studies were categorized into two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ones. In each category, the studies were analyzed in terms of data, methods, and evaluation. We summarized the merits and limitations of current methods, as well as the future directions for efficient and accurate extraction of coronary plaques using CT imaging.Conclusion: The methodological innovations are important for more accurate CT-based assessment of coronary plaques in clinical applications. The large-scale studies, de-blooming algorithms, more standardized datasets, and more detailed classification of non-calcified plaques could improve the accuracy of coronary plaque extraction from CT images. More multidimensional geometric parameters can be derived from the 3D geometry of coronary plaques. Additionally, machine learning and automatic 3D reconstruction could improve the efficiency of coronary plaque extraction in future studies.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of COVID-19 Infection Using Three-Dimensional Semantic Segmentation and Classification of Computed Tomography Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 2451-2467
Author(s):  
Javaria Amin ◽  
Muhammad Sharif ◽  
Muhammad Almas Anjum ◽  
Yunyoung Nam ◽  
Seifedine Kadry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Computed Tomography Images

A comprehensive classification of craniofacial fractures: postmortem and clinical studies with two- and three-dimensional computed tomography

Injury ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 651-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos H Buitrago-Téllez ◽  
Wilfried Schilli ◽  
Michael Bohnert ◽  
Kurt Alt ◽  
Martin Kimmig
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Comprehensive Classification ◽  
Craniofacial Fractures

Coherent structures in coflowing jets and wakes

1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Perry ◽  
T. T. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Reynolds Number Flow ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Number Flow ◽  
High Reynolds ◽  
Scale Motion

By applying small lateral oscillations to a glass tube from which smoke was issuing, perfectly periodic coflowing jets and wake structures were produced at Reynolds numbers of order 300-1000. These structures remained coherent over long streamwise distances and appeared to be perfectly frozen when viewed under stroboscopic light which was synchronized with the disturbing oscillation. By the use of strobing laser beams, longitudinal sections of the structures were photographed and an account of the geometry of these structures is reported.When the tube was unforced, similar structures occurred but they modulated in scale and frequency, and their orientation was random.A classification of structures is presented and examples are demonstrated in naturally occurring situations such as smoke from a cigarette, the wake behind a three-dimensional blunt body, and the high Reynolds number flow in a plume from a chimney. It is suggested that an examination of these structures may give some insight into the large-scale motion in fully turbulent flow.

scholarly journals Application of 3D Computed Tomography Reconstruction Images to Assess the Thickness and Dimensions of the Posterior Palatal Seal Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Soeun Lim ◽  
Seoung-Jin Hong ◽  
Joo-Young Ohe ◽  
Janghyun Paek
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Mean Dimension ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Palatal Mucosa

Few studies have been reported on the scientific measurements of the thickness and dimensions of the posterior palatal seal (PPS) area. The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze the thickness of palatal mucosa by using a three-dimensional (3D) model reconstructed with computed tomography (CT) images and to present objective values by identifying the PPS area. The CT images were reconstructed as a 3D model by separating the maxillary palate mucosa and teeth. Each reconstructed model was analyzed and the thickness was measured at 93 crossing points of each divided plane. The dimension of the PPS area was measured and the right and left dimensions of the PPS area were compared. The thickness of the palatal mucosa was thicker toward the posterior area. The thickness increased in the lateral direction and decreased again. In the PPS area, the mean dimension between the rearmost of anterior border and the most posterior line was 2.19 mm and the mean dimension between the forefront of anterior border and the most posterior line was 5.19 mm in the right side and 5.16 mm in the left side. The mean dimension from the center of the palate to the right most forward point was 6.85 mm, and the left was 7.36 mm. The new measurement method of palatal mucosal thickness is noninvasive, accurate, and easy to store and study, so it can be used effectively in planning and manufacturing the maxillary complete denture in the digital workflows.

scholarly journals Difference in glenoid retroversion between two-dimensional axial computed tomography and three-dimensional reconstructed images

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Hyungsuk Kim ◽  
Chang Hyun Yoo ◽  
Soo Bin Park ◽  
Hyun Seok Song
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Total Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Body Axis ◽  
Reconstructed Image ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Glenoid Version ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scapular Body

Background: The glenoid version of the shoulder joint correlates with the stability of the glenohumeral joint and the clinical results of total shoulder arthroplasty. We sought to analyze and compare the glenoid version measured by traditional axial two-dimensional (2D) computed tomography (CT) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed images at different levels.Methods: A total of 30 cases, including 15 male and 15 female patients, who underwent 3D shoulder CT imaging was randomly selected and matched by sex consecutively at one hospital. The angular difference between the scapular body axis and 2D CT slice axis was measured. The glenoid version was assessed at three levels (midpoint, upper one-third, and center of the lower circle of the glenoid) using Friedman’s method in the axial plane with 2D CT images and at the same level of three different transverse planes using a 3D reconstructed image. Results: The mean difference between the scapular body axis on the 3D reconstructed image and the 2D CT slice axis was 38.4°. At the level of the midpoint of the glenoid, the measurements were 1.7° ± 4.9° on the 2D CT images and −1.8° ± 4.1° in the 3D reconstructed image. At the level of the center of the lower circle, the measurements were 2.7° ± 5.2° on the 2D CT images and −0.5° ± 4.8° in the 3D reconstructed image. A statistically significant difference was found between the 2D CT and 3D reconstructed images at all three levels. Conclusions: The glenoid version is measured differently between axial 2D CT and 3D reconstructed images at three levels. Use of 3D reconstructed imaging can provide a more accurate glenoid version profile relative to 2D CT. The glenoid version is measured differently at different levels.

scholarly journals Consistency in Geometry Among Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaques Extracted From Computed Tomography Angiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haipeng Liu ◽  
Aleksandra Wingert ◽  
Xinhong Wang ◽  
Jucheng Zhang ◽  
Jianzhong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Power Function ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Geometric Properties ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The three-dimensional (3D) geometry of coronary atherosclerotic plaques is associated with plaque growth and the occurrence of coronary artery disease. However, there is a lack of studies on the 3D geometric properties of coronary plaques. We aim to investigate if coronary plaques of different sizes are consistent in geometric properties.Methods: Nineteen cases with symptomatic stenosis caused by atherosclerotic plaques in the left coronary artery were included. Based on attenuation values on computed tomography angiography images, coronary atherosclerotic plaques and calcifications were identified, 3D reconstructed, and manually revised. Multidimensional geometric parameters were measured on the 3D models of plaques and calcifications. Linear and non-linear (i.e., power function) fittings were used to investigate the relationship between multidimensional geometric parameters (length, surface area, volume, etc.). Pearson correlation coefficient (r), R-squared, and p-values were used to evaluate the significance of the relationship. The analysis was performed based on cases and plaques, respectively. Significant linear relationship was defined as R-squared > 0.25 and p < 0.05.Results: In total, 49 atherosclerotic plaques and 56 calcifications were extracted. In the case-based analysis, significant linear relationships were found between number of plaques and number of calcifications (r = 0.650, p = 0.003) as well as total volume of plaques (r = 0.538, p = 0.018), between number of calcifications and total volume of plaques (r = 0.703, p = 0.001) as well as total volume of calcification (r = 0.646, p = 0.003), and between the total volumes of plaques and calcifications (r = 0.872, p < 0.001). In plaque-based analysis, the power function showed higher R-squared values than the linear function in fitting the relationships of multidimensional geometric parameters. Two presumptions of plaque geometry in different growth stages were proposed with simplified geometric models developed. In the proposed models, the exponents in the power functions of geometric parameters were in accordance with the fitted values.Conclusion: In patients with coronary artery disease, coronary plaques and calcifications are positively related in number and volume. Different coronary plaques are consistent in the relationship between geometry parameters in different dimensions.

Tourism demonstration system for large-scale museums based on 3D virtual simulation technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-381
Author(s):  
Yongcai Hu ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Xigang Liu ◽  
Quan Gan ◽  
Jie Shi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Virtual Simulation ◽  
Simulation Technology ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Content Type ◽  
3D Network ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
3D Scene

Purpose The purpose of this study is to enhance audience experience in museum by using three-dimensional (3D) virtual simulation technology. Design/methodology/approach In this study, a large space museum building tourism demonstration system based on 3D virtual simulation technology was proposed. Starting from the concept of virtual reality (VR), the characteristics of VR and the classification of VR systems were introduced, and the research status of VR technology at home and abroad and the application of 3D virtual simulation were discussed. Then the key technologies of 3D modeling, 3D scene optimization and 3D simulation driving of 3D virtual simulation were expounded, and the characteristics and application scope of different technical methods were analyzed. Finally, an example of the Hongzhou Kiln 3D network museum was listed. Findings The research results showed that 3D virtual simulation has a wide range of applications in the field of VR. Different elements need to be considered for different types of applications, and different contents need to be integrated to achieve the corresponding interaction modes. Originality/value Virtual image; multimedia; large space museum; tourism demonstration system; 3D virtual simulation technology.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document