scholarly journals A Resource and Policy Driven Assessment of the Geothermal Energy Potential Across the Islands of St. Vincent and the Grenadines

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy Koon Koon ◽  
Kalim Shah ◽  
Masaō Ashtine ◽  
Santana Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Geothermal Resource ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Caribbean Community ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Geothermal Power ◽  
Base Load

The energy security of each Caribbean Community (CARICOM) member state is a key issue specifically addressed based on the energy demands of each nation. St. Vincent and the Grenadines (SVG) has the potential to strengthen its energy sector through the exploitation of immense untapped natural geothermal resources. Currently, SVG is planning to integrate base load power through a 10 Megawatt-electric (MWe) geothermal power plant (GPP1). The paper aims to highlight a detailed resource assessment profile of the renewables across SVG and the projected benefits of the proposed 10 MWe geothermal power potential, such as the positive economic development (displacing 149,000 bbls of crude oil), and the transition to a more climate-sensitive nation (displacing an estimated 0.172 million tCO2e/year). In addition, a volumetric method (Monte Carlo simulations) has been applied to reveal that the geothermal reservoir can sustain a minimum of 31 MWe, 34 MWe and 92 MWe over the lifespan of 25–30 years, for well 1 (SVG01), well 2 (SVG02) and well 3 (SVG03) respectively. Given the findings of the assessment and simulations, several policy approaches are identified as potential means of enhancing geothermal resource development and leveraging the resource for the islands’ sustainable energy demands. These include incentivization for public-private partnerships, information certainty, regulatory processes, and strengthened institutions.

scholarly journals Sustainable Modularity Approach to Facilities Development Based on Geothermal Energy Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2691
Author(s):  
Nataša Ćuković Ignjatović ◽  
Ana Vranješ ◽  
Dušan Ignjatović ◽  
Dejan Milenić ◽  
Olivera Krunić
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Different Temperatures

The study presented in this paper assessed the multidisciplinary approach of geothermal potential in the area of the most southeastern part of the Pannonian basin, focused on resources utilization. This study aims to present a method for the cascade use of geothermal energy as a source of thermal energy for space heating and cooling and as a resource for balneological purposes. Two particular sites were selected—one in a natural environment; the other within a small settlement. Geothermal resources come from different types of reservoirs having different temperatures and chemical compositions. At the first site, a geothermal spring with a temperature of 20.5 °C is considered for heat pump utilization, while at the second site, a geothermal well with a temperature of 54 °C is suitable for direct use. The calculated thermal power, which can be obtained from geothermal energy is in the range of 300 to 950 kW. The development concept was proposed with an architectural design to enable sustainable energy efficient development of wellness and spa/medical facilities that can be supported by local authorities. The resulting energy heating needs for different scenarios were 16–105 kW, which can be met in full by the use of geothermal energy.

scholarly journals Using open software to teach resource assessment of solar thermal and geothermal energy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Ulazia ◽  
Aitor Urresti ◽  
Alvaro Campos ◽  
Gabriel Ibarra-Berastegi ◽  
Mirari Antxustegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Life Problems

The students of the Faculties of Engineering of the Universitty of Basque Country (Gipuzkoa-Eibar and Bilbao) in the last years of their studies, before becoming engineers, have the opportunity to select a block of subjects intended to enhance their knowledge on renewable energy systems. One of these subjects is Solar Thermal and Geothermal energy. These subjects are devoted to assessing the renewable energy resource, and designing optimal systems. Apart from the transmission of good practices, the focus is practical and is based on hands-on computer real-life exercises, which involves not only intensive programming using high-level software, but also the spatial representation of results. To that purpose two main open source codes are used: Octave (https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/), and QGIS (https://www.qgis.org/). Students learn how to address real-life problems regarding the geographical representation of solar radiation and low temperature geothermal resources using QGIS, and solar thermal system modelling using Octave.

DIG: A New Project to De-risk Ireland’s Geothermal Energy Potential 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian O’Reilly ◽  
Duygu Kiyan ◽  
Javier Fullea ◽  
Sergei Lebedev ◽  
Christopher J. Bean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Secondary Fracture ◽  
Uncertainty Estimates ◽  
Passive Seismic ◽  
Warm Springs

<p>Potential deep (greater > 400 m) geothermal resources, within low to medium temperature settings remain poorly understood and largely untapped in Europe. DIG (De-risking Ireland’s Geothermal Potential) is a new academic project started in 2020, which aims to develop a better understanding of Ireland’s (all-island) low-enthalpy geothermal energy potential through the gathering, modelling and interpretation of geophysical, geological, and geochemical data.</p><p>The overarching research objectives, are to (i) determine the regional geothermal gradient with uncertainty estimates across Ireland using new and existing geophysical and geochemical-petrophysical data, (ii) investigate the thermochemical crustal structure and secondary fracture porosity in Devonian/Carboniferous siliciclastic and carbonate lithologies using wide-angle seismic, gravity and available geochemical data, and (iii) identify and assess the available low-enthalpy geothermal resources at reservoir scale within the Upper Devonian Munster Basin, i.e. the Mallow warm springs region, using electromagnetic and passive seismic methods, constrained by structural geological mapping results. A new hydrochemistry programme to characterise deep reservoir water composition will add further constraints.</p><p>In the island-scale strand of the project, we are using Rayleigh and Love surface waves in order to determine the seismic-velocity and thermal structure of the lithosphere, with crustal geometry. Together with the legacy surface heat flow, gravity, and newly available long-period MT data, this will place bounds on the shape of regional geotherms. Radiogenic heat production and thermal conductivity measurements for Irish rocks will be incorporated into an integrated geophysical-petrological model, within a scheme able to provide critical temperature uncertainties. Regional-scale research will exploit legacy wide-angle seismic data across the Laurentian and Avalonian geological terranes. Geochemical and petrophysical databases will guide in-house Bayesian inversion tools, to estimate probabilities on model outcomes.</p><p>Local-scale research will derive subsurface electrical conductivity and velocity images from electromagnetic and passive seismic surveys from the northern margin of the Munster Basin, where the thermal waters tend to have a distinctive chemical fingerprint and a meteoric origin based on available geochemical and isotopic compositions. This local focus aims to directly image fault conduits and fluid aquifer sources at depth, within a convective/conductive region associated with warm springs. This will determine the scale of the geothermal anomaly and hence will evaluate the potential for local- and industrial-scale space heating in the survey locality.</p><p>This presentation will give an overview of this new research project and will deliver preliminary multi-parameter crustal models produced by the thermodynamic inversions that fit the surface-wave and surface elevation data. The project is funded by the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland under the SEAI Research, Development & Demonstration Funding Programme 2019 (grant number 19/RDD/522) and by the Geological Survey Ireland.</p>

scholarly journals Utilizing renewable resources – converting geothermal energy to electricity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miljan Vlahović ◽  
◽  
Milica Vlahović ◽  
Zoran Stević ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Binary Cycle ◽  
Flash Tank ◽  
Solid Soil ◽  
Geothermal Power

According to the official definition, approved by the European Geothermal Energy Council (EGEC), geothermal energy is energy accumulated as heat below the surface of solid soil. Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. It is generally defined as the part of geothermal heat that can be directly utilized as heat or converted into other types of energy. Geothermal resources vary by location and depth towards the Earth's core. Their use is possible for different purposes depending on their temperature. This paper presents the harnessing geothermal resources for electricity generation. There are three main types of geothermal power plants: dry steam plants, flash steam plants, and binary cycle plants. Dry steam plants pipe hot steam from underground into turbines, which powers the generator to provide electricity. Flash steam plants pump hot water from underground into a cooler flash tank. The formed steam powers the electricity generator. Binary cycle plants pump hot water from underground through a heat exchanger that heats a second liquid to transform it into steam, which powers the generator. In all mentioned systems the used fluids are recycled. It can be concluded that geothermal power plants work similarly to other power plants, but providing the steam for starting the turbine from the earth's interior. The fact that used fluids return to the ground makes geothermal energy resources renewable.

scholarly journals A Project To Estimate The Power Capacity Of Geothermal Power Plants Based On The Enthalpy Of Geothermal Fluid And Plant Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obumneme Oken
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal Resource ◽  
Power Capacity ◽  
Geothermal Fluid ◽  
Single Flash ◽  
Geothermal Power

Surface phenomena that signal the presence of viable geothermal energy can be found in various locations in Nigeria. None of these locations have been explored extensively to determine the feasibility of sustainable geothermal energy development for electricity generation or direct heating purposes. In this context, the present study aims to provide insight into the energy potential of such development based on the enthalpy estimation of geothermal reservoirs. This particular project was conducted to determine the power output from a geothermal resource given an estimated enthalpy of the geothermal fluid. The process route chosen for this project is the single-flash geothermal power plant because of the temperature (180℃) and unique property of the geothermal fluid (a mixture of hot water and steam that exists as a liquid under high pressure). The Ikogosi warm spring in Ekiti State, Nigeria was chosen as the site location for this power plant. To support food security efforts in Africa, this project proposes the cascading of a hot water stream from the flash tank to serve direct heat purposes in agriculture for food preservation, before re-injection to the reservoir. The flowrate of the geothermal fluid to the flash separator was chosen as 3125 tonnes/hr. The power output from a single well using a single flash geothermal plant was evaluated to be 11.3 MW*. This result was obtained by applying basic thermodynamic principles, including material balance, energy balance, and enthalpy calculations. This particular project is a prelude to a robust model that will accurately determine the power capacity of geothermal power plants based on the enthalpy of geothermal fluid, size of the geothermal resource, and different plant designs. I hope that the knowledge gained from the study will promote best practices in geothermal engineering and emphasize appropriate planning for, and implementation of, geothermal plants.

Cosmovision and geothermal: proposal for direct uses of the geothermal resource

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Elizalde ◽  
Mariana Patricia Jácome Paz ◽  
Alma Adriana Zárate Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Social Study ◽  
Geothermal Resource ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Important Solution

<p><strong>Cosmovision and geothermal: proposal for direct uses of the geothermal resource in El Carrizal, Veracruz, México</strong></p><p>Keywords:  Geothermy, direct uses, resource, social analisis.</p><p>Currently there is a wide epistemological repertoire that tells us about the man-natural environment relationship, the close relationship that exists between these two entelechies has been the subject of controversy within scientific disciplines, and it is not possible to speak of man without a time and space, just as you cannot talk about space and its components without mentioning at some point the presence of man.</p><p>This close relationship between man and nature has evolved over time, going from a static concept to a dynamic one in response to the need to offer an explanation of how the natural environment with anthropic presence has been modified and used.</p><p>Geothermal energy plays a very important role, from the energy field to the tourist, forming part of our civilization and history, with which it has a wide historical and cultural background. That is why, at present, geothermal energy appears as an important solution for obtaining renewable, sustainable, accessible and low-cost ecological energy throughout its temperature range.</p><p> </p><p>The main limiting cause for planning and carrying out an integral project of direct uses of the thermal resource is the lack of research work on thermal manifestations, where the geological and geochemical characteristics are described and which are integrated into a social analysis that tells us about perception of geothermal resources and the cultural and identity value that the adjacent population grants.</p><p>This panorama is repeated throughout the Mexican territory, and in particular, in the vicinity of the state of Veracruz and its various thermal springs, an example of this are: Los Baños Carrizal (Apazapan, Ver., 19 ° 19´ 15.69” N - 96 37´43.94” W), Hotel Chichaki (Apazapan, Ver., 19 ° 19´31.54” N - 96 ° 43´24.11” W), Isabelass Spa (Loc.Tinajitas, Actopan, Ver., 19 ° 37´ 38.07” N - 96 ° 27´31.87” W), among others.</p><p>In this work will present  the preliminary results of the project that leads to the realization of a geochemical characterization and the elaboration of a social study that manages to understand the role that the different thermal manifestations play around the history and culture of the population and with this to reach the proposal of a project of direct uses of the geothermal resource.</p>

scholarly journals Geothermal energy in Denmark

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Henrik Nielsen ◽  
Anders Mathiesen ◽  
Torben Bidstrup
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Geological Models ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
Sandstone Reservoirs

The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) has for many years been involved with research, advisory and consultancy services concerning the assessment of the geothermal energy potential in Denmark, in close cooperation with private and public partners. The Survey’s particular responsibility has been the development of geological models to describe and predict the distribution of sandstone reservoirs suitable for geothermal exploitation. Danish geothermal resources in known sandstone aquifers are estimated to be sufficient to cover household heating requirements in Denmark for more than a century (Sørensen et al. 1998).

scholarly journals Indonesian Geothermal Energy Potential as Source of Alternative Energy Power Plant

KnE Energy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puji Suharmanto ◽  
Annisa Nor Fitria ◽  
Sitti Ghaliyah
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Geothermal Power Plant ◽  
Total Potential ◽  
Geothermal Potential ◽  
Volcanic Formation ◽  
Geothermal Power

<p>Indonesia is known as the Ring of Fire, nearly about 40% world's geothermal potential located in Indonesia. About 252 geothermal sites in Indonesia spread following the path of volcanic formation which stretches from Sumatra, Java, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, to Maluku. It has total potential of about 27 GWe. Geothermal energy as a renewable energy and environmentally friendly, this large potential needs to be upgraded the contribution to fulfill domestic energy need which is able to reduce Indonesia's dependence on fossil energy sources which are depleting. Potential for geothermal energy is expected to fulfill the target of developing geothermal energy to generate electricity through the Geothermal Power Plant of 6000 MWe in 2020.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Geothermal Energy, Electrical Energy, Geothermal Power Plant <br /><br /></p>

Combined energy production in the North Great Plain Region

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
B. Kulcsár
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Great Plain ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
The North ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Plain Region ◽  
Energy Provider ◽  
Favourable Situation

Abstract As a part of a broad-scale study, this paper examines the current use and utilization potentials of renewable energies in the North Great Plain Region. Due to its structural properties, geographical situation, climate and morphology, the Region sees a most favourable situation in the field of geothermal energy, biomass and solar energy. The analyses having been performed so far support the assumption that agricultural combined energy production has significant potentials in rural development. With the combined exploitation of the renewable energy potential, agriculture in the North Great Plain Region may provide fir the energy demands of its own activities and the local surroundings. Agriculture as the local energy provider may create a new source of incomes in the sector seeing a shortage of financial resources, as well as an opportunity of breakthrough for rural communities.

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