scholarly journals Deriving Economic Potential and GHG Emissions of Steel Mill Gas for Chemical Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Collis ◽  
Till Strunge ◽  
Bernhard Steubing ◽  
Arno Zimmermann ◽  
Reinhard Schomäcker
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Replacement Cost ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Global Warming Impact ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas

To combat global warming, industry needs to find ways to reduce its carbon footprint. One way this can be done is by re-use of industrial flue gasses to produce value-added chemicals. Prime example feedstocks for the chemical industry are the three flue gasses produced during conventional steel production: blast furnace gas (BFG), basic oxygen furnace gas (BOFG), and coke oven gas (COG), due to their relatively high CO, CO2, or H2 content, allowing the production of carbon-based chemicals such as methanol or polymers. It is essential to know for decision-makers if using steel mill gas as a feedstock is more economically favorable and offers a lower global warming impact than benchmark CO and H2. Also, crucial information is which of the three steel mill gasses is the most favorable and under what conditions. This study presents a method for the estimation of the economic value and global warming impact of steel mill gasses, depending on the amount of steel mill gas being utilized by the steel production plant for different purposes at a given time and the economic cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions required to replace these usages. Furthermore, this paper investigates storage solutions for steel mill gas. Replacement cost per ton of CO is found to be less than the benchmark for both BFG (50–70 €/ton) and BOFG (100–130 €/ton), and replacement cost per ton of H2 (1800–2100 €/ton) is slightly less than the benchmark for COG. Of the three kinds of steel mill gas, blast furnace gas is found to be the most economically favorable while also requiring the least emissions to replace per ton of CO and CO2. The GHG emissions replacement required to use BFG (0.43–0.55 tons-CO2-eq./ton CO) is less than for conventional processes to produce CO and CO2, and therefore BFG, in particular, is a potentially desirable chemical feedstock. The method used by this model could also easily be used to determine the value of flue gasses from other industrial plants.

Firing blast furnace gas without support fuel in steel mill boilers

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 2758-2767 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Hou ◽  
C.H. Chen ◽  
C.Y. Chang ◽  
C.W. Wu ◽  
J.J. Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas

scholarly journals Gas Turbines for Blast-Furnace Blowing

1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Krapf ◽  
J. O. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Blast Furnaces ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas

The steel-mill blast furnace consumes large quantities of coke, iron ore, limestone, and air. In addition to producing iron and slag, it also is a producer of large quantities of gas. For every ton of iron produced in the blast furnace, approximately 3 1/2 tons of air are consumed and 4 to 5 tons of blast-furnace gas are produced, which represents a calorific heat content equivalent to 9000 lb of steam at 450 psi and 750 F. Eighty per cent of this heat is available for the production of power and for blowing blast furnaces. This blast-furnace gas is of low btu content, ranging between 85 to 100 btu per cu.

scholarly journals Compressive Strength and Microstructure Properties of Alkali-Activated Systems with Blast Furnace Slag, Desulfurization Slag, and Gypsum

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bong-Suk Cho ◽  
Kyung-Mo Koo ◽  
Se-Jin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

This study investigates the effect of desulfurization slag (DS) and gypsum (G) on the compressive strength and microstructure properties of blast furnace slag-(BFS-) based alkali-activated systems. DS is produced in a Kambara reactor process of molten iron produced in a steel production process. DS contains CaO, SiO2, Fe2O3, and SO3 and is composed of Ca(OH)2 and 2CaO·SiO2 as main compounds. In this investigation, the weight of BFS was replaced by DS at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30%. In addition, G was also applied at 9, 12, and 15% by weight of BFS to improve the compressive strength of the alkali-activated system with BFS and DS. According to this investigation, the compressive strength of the alkali-activated mixes with BFS and DS ranged from 14.9 MPa (B95D5) to 19.8 MPa (B90D10) after 91 days. However, the 28 days compressive strength of the alkali-activated mixes with BFS, DS, and G reached 39.1 MPa, 45.2 MPa, and 48.4 MPa, respectively, which were approximately 78.8 to 97.5% of that of O100 mix (49.6 MPa). The main hydrates of the BFS-DS (B80D20) binder sample were Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, and low-crystalline calcium silicate hydrates, while the main hydration product of BFS-DS-G (B75D10G15) binder was found as ettringite. The use of BFS-DS-G binders would result in the value-added utilization of steel slag and provide an environmentally friendly construction material, and contribute to a reduction of CO2 in the cement industry.

scholarly journals Carbon Allocation in Multi-Product Steel Mills That Co‐process Biogenic and Fossil Feedstocks and Adopt Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage Technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Biermann ◽  
Rubén M. Montañés ◽  
Fredrik Normann ◽  
Filip Johnsson
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
And Storage

This work investigates the effects of carbon allocation on the emission intensities of low-carbon products cogenerated in facilities that co‐process biogenic and fossil feedstocks and apply the carbon capture utilization and storage technology. Thus, these plants simultaneously sequester CO2 and synthesize fuels or chemicals. We consider an integrated steel mill that injects biomass into the blast furnace, captures CO2 for storage, and ferments CO into ethanol from the blast furnace gas. We examine two schemes to allocate the CO2 emissions avoided [due to the renewable feedstock share (biomass) and CO2 capture and storage (CCS)] to the products of steel, ethanol, and electricity (generated through the combustion of steel mill waste gases): 1) allocation by (carbon) mass, which represents actual carbon flows, and 2) a free-choice attribution that maximizes the renewable content allocated to electricity and ethanol. With respect to the chosen assumptions on process performance and heat integration, we find that allocation by mass favors steel and is unlikely to yield an ethanol product that fulfills the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) biofuel criterion (65% emission reduction relative to a fossil comparator), even when using renewable electricity and applying CCS to the blast furnace gas prior to CO conversion into ethanol and electricity. In contrast, attribution fulfills the criterion and yields bioethanol for electricity grid intensities <180 gCO2/kWhel without CCS and yields bioethanol for grid intensities up to 800 gCO2/kWhel with CCS. The overall emissions savings are up to 27 and 47% in the near-term and long-term future, respectively. The choice of the allocation scheme greatly affects the emissions intensities of cogenerated products. Thus, the set of valid allocation schemes determines the extent of flexibility that manufacturers have in producing low-carbon products, which is relevant for industries whose product target sectors that value emissions differently. We recommend that policymakers consider the emerging relevance of co‐processing in nonrefining facilities. Provided there is no double-accounting of emissions, policies should contain a reasonable degree of freedom in the allocation of emissions savings to low-carbon products, so as to promote the sale of these savings, thereby making investments in mitigation technologies more attractive to stakeholders.

scholarly journals Composting Process and Gas Emissions during Food Waste Composting under the Effect of Different Additives

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Young Hwang ◽  
Seong Heon Kim ◽  
Jaehong Shim ◽  
Seong Jin Park
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Global Warming Impact ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Mature Compost ◽  
Higher Temperature

This study investigated the effects of adding mature compost (MC) and vermicompost (VC) on controlling gas emissions and compost quality during food waste (FW) composting. In addition to a control treatment (only food waste), four treatments were designed to mix the initial FW with varying rates of MC and VC (5.0% and 7.5%). The composting process was monitored for 84 days. Results indicate that the addition of MC and VC resulted in higher temperature, prolonged the thermophilic stage and reduced NH3 and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Compared to the control, the loss of NH3-N was decreased by 29–69%, and the global warming impact was also mitigated by 49–61%. The largest reductions in NH3 and global warming potential (GWP) were found for 7.5% VC and 5% MC, respectively. The treatments with additives more rapidly achieved the required maturity value. This research suggests that the addition of 7.5% MC and VC is suitable for food waste composting.

Turning CO/CO2-containing industrial process gas into valuable building blocks for the polyurethane industry

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin R. Machat ◽  
Jakob Marbach ◽  
Hannah Schumacher ◽  
Suresh Raju ◽  
Markus Lansing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Selective Chemical ◽  
Polymer Industry

Provided is a concept of how the carbon content of CO/CO2-containing blast furnace gas (BFG) from steel production could be utilized in a sequence of selective chemical conversion steps to produce high value intermediates for the polymer industry.

Comparison of Two Different Methods of Preparing Chemical Raw Materials Using Blast Furnace Gas

2012 ◽  
Vol 511 ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Wei Guo ◽  
Jian Jun Wang ◽  
Wen Gui Gao ◽  
Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Co Hydrogenation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Hydrogenation Process ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas ◽  
Reduction Effect

This paper studied the preparation of chemical raw materials–methanol using blast furnace gas obtained from steel production process. The energy saving and emission reduction effect and the economic benefit brought by the co-hydrogenation process of a mixture of CO and CO2 (CHP) has been compared with those brought by the respective hydrogenation process of CO and CO2 (RHP). The result shows that the CHP brings more economic benefit than the RHP, and the CHP brings more energy saving and emission reduction effect than the RHP.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of an Integrated Steel Mill Using Primary Manufacturing Data: Actual Environmental Profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3443
Author(s):  
Jana Gerta Backes ◽  
Julian Suer ◽  
Nils Pauliks ◽  
Sabrina Neugebauer ◽  
Marzia Traverso
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The current dependency on steel within modern society causes major environmental pollution, a result of the product’s life cycle phases. Unfortunately, very little data regarding single steel production processes have been found in literature. Therefore, a detailed analysis of impacts categorized in terms of relevance cannot be conducted. In this study, a complete life cycle assessment of steel production in an integrated German steel plant of thyssenkrupp Steel Europe AG, including an assessment of emissions from the blast furnace, the basic oxygen furnace, and casting rolling, is carried out. The functional unit is set to 1 kg hot-rolled coil, and the system boundaries are defined as cradle-to-gate. This study models the individual process steps and the resulting emitters using the software GaBi. Total emissions could be distributed into direct, upstream, and by-product emissions, where the biggest impacts in terms of direct emissions from single processes are from the power plant (48% global warming potential (GWP)), the blast furnace (22% GWP), and the sinter plant (79% photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP)). The summarized upstream processes have the largest share in the impact categories acidification potential (AP; 69%) and abiotic depletion potential fossil (ADPf; 110%). The results, including data verification, furthermore show the future significance of the supply chain in the necessary reduction that could be achieved.

DESIGN OF AIR PRE-HEATER FOR BLAST FURNACE GAS FIRED BOILER

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Venkateshkumar R ◽  
Kishor Kumar ◽  
Prakash B ◽  
Rahul R
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas
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