scholarly journals Gas Turbines for Blast-Furnace Blowing

1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Krapf ◽  
J. O. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Blast Furnaces ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas

The steel-mill blast furnace consumes large quantities of coke, iron ore, limestone, and air. In addition to producing iron and slag, it also is a producer of large quantities of gas. For every ton of iron produced in the blast furnace, approximately 3 1/2 tons of air are consumed and 4 to 5 tons of blast-furnace gas are produced, which represents a calorific heat content equivalent to 9000 lb of steam at 450 psi and 750 F. Eighty per cent of this heat is available for the production of power and for blowing blast furnaces. This blast-furnace gas is of low btu content, ranging between 85 to 100 btu per cu.

scholarly journals Proper MgO/Al2O3 Ratio in Blast-Furnace Slag: Analysis of Proper MgO/Al2O3 Ratio Based on Observed Data

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Fengman Shen ◽  
Xinguang Hu ◽  
Haiyan Zheng ◽  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Qiangjian Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Blast Furnaces ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Diagram Analysis ◽  
Furnace Slag

With the gradual depletion of high-quality iron-ore resources, ironmaking blast furnaces have gradually shifted to using high-content Al2O3 iron ore. Under this condition, the addition of MgO in the slag is adopted to alleviate operation problems caused by the high content of Al2O3. However, the proper value of the MgO/Al2O3 ratio for blast-furnace slag systems (Al2O3 = 8–25%) is not systematically studied. In this paper, we discuss the proper MgO/Al2O3 ratio on the basis of blast-furnace slag systems under different Al2O3 contents. On the basis of thermodynamics and phase-diagram analysis, it could be concluded that: (1) the MgO/Al2O3 ratio is not limited when Al2O3 in slag is less than 14%, (2) the MgO/Al2O3 ratio is required to be in the range of 0.40–0.50 when Al2O3 in the slag is 15–17%, and (3) the MgO/Al2O3 ratio should be 0.45–0.55 when Al2O3 in the slag is larger than 18%. The proper MgO/Al2O3 ratio value has been established in various industries, and it has achieved significant economic and social benefits.

Firing blast furnace gas without support fuel in steel mill boilers

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 2758-2767 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Hou ◽  
C.H. Chen ◽  
C.Y. Chang ◽  
C.W. Wu ◽  
J.J. Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas

Behaviors of Chlorine in Smelting Process of Blast Furnace

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Sheng Hu ◽  
Yong Liang Gui ◽  
Hua Lou Guo ◽  
Chun Yan Song
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Metal Cation ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Coke Reactivity ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas ◽  
Organic Speciation

The existence forms of chlorine entered into blast furnace are chloride created by Cl- and metal cation or organic speciation absorbed in specular coal or structure macromolecule of coal. The chlorine entered into blast furnace merges with blast furnace gas in the form of HCl after conducted a series of chemical reactions. With the increasing of HCl content in blast furnace gas, the coke reactivity decreases and the coke post reaction strength increases, and the reduction process of iron ore is restrained and the low temperature reduction degradation property increases. However, the corrosion of gas pipeline and TRT blade is aggravated by the HCl in blast furnace gas, and then blast furnace gas conveying process and normal operation of TRT unit are affected.

scholarly journals Measurements on a Blast-Furnace-Gas and Oil-Fired Combustion Chamber of a 17.25-MWe Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine Plant

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bammert ◽  
H. Rehwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas ◽  
Stage Of Development

The paper discusses the present stage of development of combustion chambers for fossil-fired closed-cycle gas turbines, describing West Germany’s “Gelsenkirchen” plant which can be operated with blast-furnace gas and fuel oil with any desired ratio of gas to oil. The output data and the efficiency of this plant are illustrated by test results. In the development and construction of fossil-fired closed-cycle gas turbine plants, the gas heater presents the greatest difficulties and is the most expensive part of the plant. Therefore, very detailed measurements were taken to determine the total heat absorption in the combustion chamber and its local distribution over the length of the chamber. The results obtained are compared with previous measurements at a smaller plant, the mine-gas and pulverized-coal fired “Haus Aden” plant.

scholarly journals Deriving Economic Potential and GHG Emissions of Steel Mill Gas for Chemical Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Collis ◽  
Till Strunge ◽  
Bernhard Steubing ◽  
Arno Zimmermann ◽  
Reinhard Schomäcker
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Replacement Cost ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Global Warming Impact ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas

To combat global warming, industry needs to find ways to reduce its carbon footprint. One way this can be done is by re-use of industrial flue gasses to produce value-added chemicals. Prime example feedstocks for the chemical industry are the three flue gasses produced during conventional steel production: blast furnace gas (BFG), basic oxygen furnace gas (BOFG), and coke oven gas (COG), due to their relatively high CO, CO2, or H2 content, allowing the production of carbon-based chemicals such as methanol or polymers. It is essential to know for decision-makers if using steel mill gas as a feedstock is more economically favorable and offers a lower global warming impact than benchmark CO and H2. Also, crucial information is which of the three steel mill gasses is the most favorable and under what conditions. This study presents a method for the estimation of the economic value and global warming impact of steel mill gasses, depending on the amount of steel mill gas being utilized by the steel production plant for different purposes at a given time and the economic cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions required to replace these usages. Furthermore, this paper investigates storage solutions for steel mill gas. Replacement cost per ton of CO is found to be less than the benchmark for both BFG (50–70 €/ton) and BOFG (100–130 €/ton), and replacement cost per ton of H2 (1800–2100 €/ton) is slightly less than the benchmark for COG. Of the three kinds of steel mill gas, blast furnace gas is found to be the most economically favorable while also requiring the least emissions to replace per ton of CO and CO2. The GHG emissions replacement required to use BFG (0.43–0.55 tons-CO2-eq./ton CO) is less than for conventional processes to produce CO and CO2, and therefore BFG, in particular, is a potentially desirable chemical feedstock. The method used by this model could also easily be used to determine the value of flue gasses from other industrial plants.

scholarly journals Analysis of indices and operation improvement conditions of JSC “Ural Steel” blast furnace shop

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
D. R. Ganin ◽  
V. G. Druzhkov ◽  
A. A. Panychev ◽  
A. Yu. Fuks
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Production Operation ◽  
Blast Furnaces ◽  
Furnace Technology

For elaborating of measures to improve the blast furnace technology, it is necessary to analyze production data related to blast furnaces operation. Estimation of technical level of blast furnace production in conditions of JSC “Ural Steel” was the aim of the study. Data on chemical composition of casted iron produced and burden materials quoted, as well as data on iron ore materials consumption, sinter grain-size distribution, pellets chemical composition and strength characteristics, coke mechanical strength and grain-size distribution. Results of analysis presented of production operation indices of Nos 1–4 blast furnaces within a five years period, the furnaces having net volumes 1007, 1033, 1513 and 2002 m3 correspondently. Periods of non-stable furnaces operation with long stops and repairs were excluded from the analyzed data. It was determined that iron and manganese oxide contents in the sinter are presented at lower level comparing with most of sintering plants of European Communities and Japan. Fine fraction less 5 mm content is considerably higher than the index for sinter, produced at other sintering plants of Russia, as well as of developed nations. Laboratory study and experimental-industrial tests at JSC “Ural Steel” confirm reasonability of the following mineral additives utilization in sintering process, delivered into the sintering burden by sludge: brown iron ore, bentonite clay, serpentinite-magnesites, that enables to increase suitable sinter yield, productivity of sintering machines, sinter impact strength. A necessity to optimize blast furnace slags chemical composition by relation SiO2/Al2O3 and CaO/MgO determined to improve scull formation conditions and elimination of coolers mass burning-through. To improve the technical and economic indices of JSC “Ural Steel blast furnaces operation some measures on the plant blast furnace technology modification proposed.

Three Years’ Operating Experience With 7500-kw Gas-Turbine Plants in Belgian Steelworks

1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Aguet ◽  
J. von Salis
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas ◽  
Commercial Operation

Gas turbines are being used in increasing numbers in the European steel industry, utilizing as fuel blast-furnace gas, and producing either electric power or blast-furnace wind; in some cases both combined. It is now possible to put on record results obtained with these machines in commercial operation, as some of the units have been running practically nonstop for several years. Apart from teething troubles during the first few thousand running hours, the gas turbine has fulfilled all expectations, both regarding the economics of operation and from the maintenance point of view.

Industrial Users Choose Fuel Flexible GT11N2 for Burning Blast Furnace Gas in Combined Cycle Power Plants

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gnädig ◽  
K. Reyser ◽  
W. Fischer ◽  
J. Schmidli
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas

Stricter environmental regulations and the need for high-efficiency energy generation have led an increasing number of industrial users to investigate alternatives to burning waste gases from the industrial plants in conventional thermal power plants. Combined cycle power plants using gas turbines capable of burning low-caloric fuels such as blast furnace gas can meet these requirements with thermal efficiencies of more than 45%.

Parallel Between Rankine and Combined-Cycle Power Plants Configurations Burning Blast Furnace Gas

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Bonolo de Campos ◽  
Cleverson Bringhenti ◽  
Diogo F. Cavalca ◽  
Jesuíno T. Tomita ◽  
Werner Riederer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Industrial Site ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas

The increasing fuel prices and stringent environmental legislation compel industries worldwide to pursue means to increase their processes efficiency. A higher efficiency relates to a reduction in fuel consumption, which results in a lower operational cost and emissions. When considering a steel mill, processes encountered in the blast furnace and in the coke oven, for example, generate gases that can be availed as low-grade fuels to return some sort of energy back to the process. This practice reduces the amount of high-grade fuel required and increases the global efficiency of the industrial site; however, demands higher investments and increase the management complexity. A thorough evaluation of such power cycles is important to assess their application. This paper is based on a currently operational combined-cycle power plant composed by two gas turbines that are adapted to use blast furnace gas as main fuel and one steam turbine with a total power rating of 490 MWe. This power plant configuration is compared to another one in which the topping cycle — composed by two gas turbines — is eliminated, and the same amount of blast furnace gas is burnt in a conventional steam generator, operating as a Rankine-cycle. The software Gate Cycle™ was used to model and simulate both cycles and provide the main parameters to analyze their performance. Parameters such as power rating, efficiency, emissions, and expected capital expenditure provided means to assess both options and evaluate their application. The combined-cycle provided higher efficiency and power rating when compared with the Rankine-cycle. However, the expected values for capital expenditure showed to be also higher. A major difference between both cycles is the higher flexibility of the combined-cycle power plant, which is essential to guarantee an electric energy source within the industrial site. As a counterpart, the operational complexity is significantly higher when compared with the Rankine-cycle. Overall, the present work provides valuable information to assess both solutions.

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