Hydrogeological Criteria to Improve the Sponge City Strategy of China

China is facing frequent waterlogging and an increasing water scarcity that mirrors the fast urban and economic expansion of the last 4 decades. To mitigate these issues, the government promulgated the “Sponge City” strategy; a concept rooted in practices in western countries aimed at collecting and reusing 65–90% of urban rainfall. The application consists of absorbent infrastructures such as green roofs and rain gardens combined with the pre-existing urban environment. However, due to climate heterogeneities and the different urbanization contexts in China, these goals may seem overly ambitious in many areas of the country. Compact urbanization, together with heavy rainfall concentrated in short events, puts dramatic stresses on these infrastructures. At the same time, overdesigned infrastructures are expensive and may not be practical to retrofit in existing urban areas. In this paper, the role of urban aquifers as natural Sponge City elements are investigated throughout China. The method of implementation is inexpensive and easy to apply, favoring the direct infiltration to the subsoil after the conversion of the urban surfaces from impervious to permeable. Infiltration to urban aquifers alleviates the pressure on sewers, urban streams, as well as waste-water treatment plants. Considering urban aquifers with different hydraulic characteristics, water table dynamics after large infiltration events from rainfall are simulated via numerical analysis. Hydrogeological and geomorphological analyses are carried out to individuate criteria for the mapping of high absorbance areas at the regional and local scales. A Sponge City approach involving the urban aquifers can represent a winning formula for the success of this ambitious but compelling plan.

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Design and Operation of Small Wastewater Treatment Plants by the Microbial Film Process

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1990.0194 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 22 (3-4) ◽

pp. 139-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. Iwai ◽

Y. Oshino ◽

T. Tsukada

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Waste Water Treatment ◽

Small Scale ◽

Small Communities ◽

Fishing Villages ◽

Sewer Systems ◽

Water Treatment Plants ◽

History Of ◽

Microbial Film

Although the ratio of sewer systems to population in Japan has been improving in recent years, the construction of sewer systems in small communities such as farming or fishing villages, etc. had lagged behind that of urban areas. However, construction of small-scale sewer systems in farming and fishing villages has been actively carried out in recent years. This report explains the history of the promotion of small-scale sewer systems, why submerged filter beds are being employed in many cases, and introduces the design, operation and maintenance of representative waste-water treatment plants in farming and fishing villages which incorporate de-nitrogen and dephosphorization.

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2. The Role of the Government of Urban Areas in the Creation of Urban Poverty

Urban Poverty in Africa ◽

10.3362/9781780443720.002 ◽

1999 ◽

pp. 16-26

Author(s):

Michael Mattingly

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Poverty ◽

The Creation ◽

The Government ◽

Role Of The Government

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Modelling of green roofs' hydrologic performance using EPA's SWMM

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.219 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 36-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

E. Burszta-Adamiak ◽

M. Mrowiec

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Low Impact Development ◽

Green Roofs ◽

Storm Water ◽

Storm Water Management Model ◽

Measured Flow ◽

Rain Events ◽

Few Data

Green roofs significantly affect the increase in water retention and thus the management of rain water in urban areas. In Poland, as in many other European countries, excess rainwater resulting from snowmelt and heavy rainfall contributes to the development of local flooding in urban areas. Opportunities to reduce surface runoff and reduce flood risks are among the reasons why green roofs are more likely to be used also in this country. However, there are relatively few data on their in situ performance. In this study the storm water performance was simulated for the green roofs experimental plots using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) with Low Impact Development (LID) Controls module (version 5.0.022). The model consists of many parameters for a particular layer of green roofs but simulation results were unsatisfactory considering the hydrologic response of the green roofs. For the majority of the tested rain events, the Nash coefficient had negative values. It indicates a weak fit between observed and measured flow-rates. Therefore complexity of the LID module does not affect the increase of its accuracy. Further research at a technical scale is needed to determine the role of the green roof slope, vegetation cover and drying process during the inter-event periods.

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Mengkaji Kesehatan Masyarakat Daerah “Urban” Jika Dilihat Dari Konteks Pemuda

JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI HUMANIORA ◽

10.36722/sh.v4i4.300 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 230

Author(s):

Robist Hidayat

Keyword(s):

Urban Health ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Central Government ◽

Urban Community ◽

Large Cities ◽

Urban Problems ◽

The Government ◽

Descriptive Method

Abstrak - Kesehatan merupakan faktor penting kehidupan, tak terkecuali kaum urban di perkotaan besar di Indonesia, banyak permasalahan terjadi, prasarana idak memadai, kehidupan yang buruk menimbulkan masalah serius baik sekarang dan masa yang akan datang. Salah satu bagian kaum urban adalah pemuda, merupakan kaum di antara anak-anak dan juga dewasa. Sehingga di harapkan memiliki solusi untuk menghadapi permsaalahan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaiman peranan pemuda mengkaji permasalahan yang terjadi sehingga bisa mendapatkan solusi sederhana untuk mengatasi permasalahan kaum urban diperkotaan besar. Adapun metode yang digunakan penulis yakni metode deskriptif, mengkaji serta menganalisis literasi-literasi yang ada dan menyimpulkan menjadi sebuah solusi dari permasalahan yang penulis ungkapkan. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini ,bahwa permasalahan kaum urban terletak pada tidak adanya program yang jelas serta terperinci secara baik, baik itu dari pemerintah daerah maupun pusat. Sehingga hal ini menjadi permasalahan bersama bukan salah satu pihak semata. Adapun yang bisa pemuda berikan solusi: yakni mencangkup program dan juga kebijakan, program yang di berikan yakni terdiri 3 tahap, yaitu: jangka pendek, menengah dan panjang. Adapun alasannya yaitu program tersebut di terapkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan kaum urban serta kebijakan yang merupakan wewenang dari pemerintah. Bisa disimpulkan, pemuda memiliki peranan penting dalam mengkaji ataupun memberikan solusi yang terbaik untuk kesehatan kaum urban.Abstract - Health is an important factor of life, including urban in large urban areas in Indonesia, many problems occur, infrastructure is inadequate, a bad life causes serious problems both now and in the future. One part of the urban community is youth, is a family among children and also adults. So that it is expected to have a solution to deal with these problems. This study aims to see how the role of youth examines the problems that occur so that they can get a simple solution to overcome urban problems in large cities. The method used by the author is descriptive method, reviewing and analyzing existing literacy and concluding to be a solution to the problems that the writer reveals. The results of this study, that the problem of urbanites lies in the absence of a clear and well-detailed program, both from the local and central government. So this matter becomes a common problem, not only one part. As for what the youth can provide a solution: namely covering the program and also the policy, the program provided is consisting of 3 stages, namely: short, medium and long term. The reason is that the program is implemented in accordance with the needs of the urbanites and policies that are the authority of the government. It can be concluded, youth have an important role in assessing or providing the best solution for urban health.Keywords – Role of Youth, Urban Community Health, Problems, Programs

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The Role of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDES) for The Village Community Economy

Economics Development Analysis Journal ◽

10.15294/edaj.v10i1.40823 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 12-21

Author(s):

Irim Tiara Puri ◽

Khoirunurrofik Khoirunurrofik

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Fixed Effect Model ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Village Community ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Effect Model ◽

The Government ◽

The Village ◽

Model Approach

Regional disparities between rural and urban areas in Indonesia are still being an important issue inthe economic development. The government has carried out an economic stimulus in the village,one of them is through the Village Fund program for village development. One of the potentialpositive effects of implementing the Village Fund in Indonesia is creating a local economicinstitution that is expected to be able to develop the competition between villages through Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). This study aimed to find out the empirical evidence whetherBUMDes, as one of the programs driving the village economy affected the welfare of ruralcommunities by looking at the differences in the improvement of the village economy. This studyused BUMDes and Village Potential (Podes) data in 2014 and 2018, and Village Fund Allocationas a proxy for economic activity at the village level by using the econometric model approach ofPropensity Score Matching and Difference in Difference with a fixed effect model. The resultsshowed that villages that had BUMDes gave a greater effect than the ones which did not haveBUMDes in improving the economy of the village community.

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Blue-green infrastructure as a new trend and an effective tool for water management in urban areas

Landscape Online ◽

10.3097/lo.202192 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 92 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Ewelina Pochodyła ◽

Katarzyna Glińska-Lewczuk ◽

Agnieszka Jaszczak

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Green Infrastructure ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Green Roofs ◽

Rain Gardens ◽

Natural Structure ◽

Technical Structure ◽

Management Plans ◽

Water Management Plans ◽

Vertical Greening

Blue-green infrastructures (BGI) integrate solutions implemented to enhance water management and landscape values for more climateresilient and livable cities. BGI have created an opportunity to renew the natural structure of water balance in cities through the increase in rainwater retention and enlargement of permeable areas. The review of the literature on BGI development and solutions showed that the most popular BGI elements in terms of urban water quantity and quality were rain gardens, green roofs, vertical greening systems, and permeable pavements. Their structure and effectiveness were presented and reviewed. Despite the consensus between researchers that BGI benefit urban hydrology, differences in runoff decreased (2%-100%) lowering the peak flows (7%-70%) and infiltration (to 60%) or evapotranspiration (19%-84%) were reported. Due to an individual technical structure, each BGI element plays a specific role and there is no universal BGI solution against water-related problems. We inferred that the most effective ones were individually adapted solutions, which prevent from a stressor. The greater variety of solutions in a given area, the more benefits for the urban environment. Our analyses showed that a holistic and co-creative approach to create blue-green networks should be considered in modern water management plans.

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Food Diversification: Strengthening Strategic Efforts to Reduce Social Inequality through Sustainable Food Security Development in Indonesia

Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture ◽

10.20961/carakatani.v36i1.41202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Fajar Rahmanto ◽

Eko Priyo Purnomo ◽

Aulia Nur Kasiwi

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Social Inequality ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Development Program ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Food Resources ◽

Sustainable Food ◽

Local Resources ◽

The Government

Potential food resources can be utilized through food diversification as a part of the government's efforts to minimize socio-economic inequality with sustainable food security development program. The purpose of this study was to observe the role of food diversification in reducing social inequality through sustainable food security development. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods with secondary data collection techniques which include data references as well as documentation related to food security development. The results showed that in Indonesia, food diversification program has an impact on increasing income, household resilience and welfare with a decrease in the number of the rural poor population of 4.7% (from 16.31 people to 15.54 people). It was positively correlated with the increase in farmers' income by (IDR) 30.37 million per capita increase (4.47%). Then, followed by the level of food security in the district area reached 80.53% (335 regions) and for urban areas amounted to 92.85% (91 regions). National food security can be achieved through maximizing the potential use of food resources at the regional level, by diversifying food based on local wisdom and optimally local resources. It can be concluded that food diversification is a policy that can be used by the government to increase community economic income and reduce poverty and social inequality.

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Inflation Effect on Unemployment in Indonesia: A Comparative Studies Between Sharia and Conventional Economic Perspectives

JURNAL BISNIS STRATEGI ◽

10.14710/jbs.30.2.127-138 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 127-138

Author(s):

Sri Suharti ◽

Muhammad Dzaki Naufal ◽

Farah Ladina Paiman

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Aggregate Demand ◽

Compulsory Education ◽

Work Training ◽

Training Courses ◽

The Government ◽

Economic Perspectives

This study discusses the effect of inflation on unemployment by comparing the perspective of Islam with capitalism. The purpose of this study is to identify the driving factors that cause inflation and unemployment. This research is conducted using descriptive analysis through linear regression analysis on Indonesia’s unemployment and inflation data from 2001 to 2019. This study found that inflation was not the main contributor to unemployment and only accounted for 18.6% of unemployment, whereas the remaining 80.4% was caused by other factors. This occurs because the increase in prices are not due to aggregate demand, but due to natural and man-made factors. To overcome inflation, the government should create policies to promoting a culture of saving, investing and discouraging wasteful and excessive spending from early age and improve the morale of officials and entrepreneurs. In addition to that, the government can also implement the law firmly and consistently to all parties who commit unethical behaviour; second, increasing the role of the community to observe and report corruption. To reduce the rate of unemployment, the government can implement several policies. Those are implementing policies that make it easier for startups to obtain capital, create investment security and facilitate licensing bureaucracy; second, providing more free and accessible work training courses, especially in urban areas; third, implement 12-year compulsory education consistently.

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Valuing the Benefits of Green Stormwater Infrastructure

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.605 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amy W. Ando ◽

Noelwah R. Netusil

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Green Roofs ◽

Urban Trees ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Tree Planting ◽

Rain Gardens ◽

Natural Systems ◽

Green Stormwater Infrastructure

Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI), a decentralized approach for managing stormwater that uses natural systems or engineered systems mimicking the natural environment, is being adopted by cities around the world to manage stormwater runoff. The primary benefits of such systems include reduced flooding and improved water quality. GSI projects, such as green roofs, urban tree planting, rain gardens and bioswales, rain barrels, and green streets may also generate cobenefits such as aesthetic improvement, reduced net CO2 emissions, reduced air pollution, and habitat improvement. GSI adoption has been fueled by the promise of environmental benefits along with evidence that GSI is a cost-effective stormwater management strategy, and methods have been developed by economists to quantify those benefits to support GSI planning and policy efforts. A body of multidisciplinary research has quantified significant net benefits from GSI, with particularly robust evidence regarding green roofs, urban trees, and green streets. While many GSI projects generate positive benefits through ecosystem service provision, those benefits can vary with details of the location and the type and scale of GSI installation. Previous work reveals several pitfalls in estimating the benefits of GSI that scientists should avoid, such as double counting values, counting transfer payments as benefits, and using values for benefits like avoided carbon emissions that are biased. Important gaps remain in current knowledge regarding the benefits of GSI, including benefit estimates for some types of GSI elements and outcomes, understanding how GSI benefits last over time, and the distribution of GSI benefits among different groups in urban areas.

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The benefits, synergies and conflicts of green design in urban policy, a case study of Kosice city

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20184500067 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 00067

Author(s):

Zuzana Poorova ◽

Zuzana Vranayova

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Policy ◽

Water Retention ◽

Green Roofs ◽

Green Design ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Sponge City ◽

Green Areas ◽

The City

The end of climate change must begin with cities. 75% of Europe's population chooses the city as a place to reside. How does one maximize the supply of fresh air and provide enough green areas for built-up areas? Cities are growing fast, strengthening the effects of thermal islands by sealing the spaces, removing natural habitats and creating heat. The principle of green design is a response to many questions. But the question remains, what is green design? Designing healthy cities, bringing nature, greenery and water into urban areas, covering building roofs with soil, integrating wilderness, building green roofs and walls, water retention and recycling? The paper explains the problematic new term "sponge city" using a case study of the green roofs in Kosice.

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