scholarly journals Management Actions Promote Human-Wildlife Coexistence in Highly Anthropized Landscapes: The Case of an Endangered Avian Scavenger

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñigo Zuberogoitia ◽  
Jon Morant ◽  
José Antonio González-Oreja ◽  
José Enrique Martínez ◽  
Mikel Larrinoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Egyptian Vulture ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
The Impact

Anthropized landscapes are characterized by various human activities related to resource extraction, recreational activities, and urbanization, among others. Conservation of species living in such landscapes is challenging due to the lack of compatibility between wildlife and human needs, which can create win-lose scenarios for target species. Therefore, adequate management practices are necessary to reduce conflicts and promote coexistence between wildlife and human beings. Here, we test the effectiveness of management measures on the productivity of an Egyptian vulture population living in an anthropized region of Northern Spain by using long-term monitoring data (2000–2020). During the first decade, we demonstrated that disturbance events negatively affected the species reproduction. Therefore, in 2010 we started a management plan in which we first established a basis for the species protection, and second we developed management actions to avoid or reduce the impact of potential disturbance events on the Egyptian vulture’ breeding. We observed that almost half of the disturbances detected after the management was related to resource extraction activities such as forestry (40.6%). Management measures effectively increased productivity (84 vs 137, chicks fledged successfully before and after, respectively) and the breeding success of the pairs in which the disturbances were detected and stopped (66.7%) was much higher than those non-managed and non-stopped in time (17.4%). Moreover, we estimated that 44 nestlings (32.1%) would have died without management actions during the second decade. Overall, our work demonstrated that collaborative networks can design and implement effective management measures for endangered territorial species, taking into account all agents involved (policymakers, rangers, stakeholders, general public, and researchers) in the conservation area. Thereby, it alleviates conflicts in human-dominated ecosystems and generates a balanced scenario that favors long-term sustainable human-wildlife coexistence.

Can farm-management practices reduce the impact of house mouse populations on crops in an irrigated farming system?

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Brown ◽  
Micah J. Davies ◽  
Grant R. Singleton ◽  
J. David Croft
Keyword(s):  
House Mouse ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Advisory Panel ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

The impacts of a range of farm-management practices on house mouse (Mus domesticus) populations were tested in a large replicated field study in a complex irrigated farming system in southern New South Wales, Australia. An advisory panel, made up of farmers, extension officers, industry representatives and scientists developed a series of best-practice farm-management actions to minimise the impact of mice. Twelve experimental sites were split into six treated sites, where farmers were encouraged to conduct the recommended practices, and six untreated sites, where farmers conducted their normal farming practices. Mouse abundance was generally low to moderate for the 4-year project (5–60% adjusted trap success). We found significant reductions in population abundance of mice on treated sites when densities were moderate, but no differences when densities were low. Biomass of weeds and grasses around the perimeter of crops were significantly lower on treated sites because of applications of herbicide sprays and grazing by sheep. We could not detect any significant difference in mouse damage to crops between treated and untreated sites; however, levels of damage were low (<5%). Yields of winter cereals and rice crops were significantly higher on treated sites by up to 40%. An analysis of benefits and costs of conducting farming practices on treated sites compared with untreated sites showed a 2 : 1 benefit to cost ratio for winter cereals, 9 : 1 for rice and 4 : 1 for soybeans.

Temporal changes in an alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) population

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell B. East ◽  
J. Daren Riedle ◽  
Day B. Ligon
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Macrochelys Temminckii ◽  
The Status ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Data

Context Monitoring populations of long-lived species requires continuous long-term efforts. This is especially applicable for species that have experienced declines range-wide. Aims Our study assessed the current status of a population of wild Macrochelys temminckii and compared the present results to those from a survey conducted nearly a decade ago. Methods Trapping in 2010–2011 was conducted on two creeks within the refuge, during the months of May–July. Capture data were compared with data collected by similar methods in 1997–2001. Key results The population structure of M. temminckii was dominated by juveniles, with few large adults or small juveniles detected and a missing size class was evident. Retrospective analysis of 1997–2001 data revealed that the population was likely to be in decline even then, despite high capture rates. Conclusions The M. temminckii population showed significant declines that indicated that the population had experienced stressors of unknown origin. The status of M. temminckii at the refuge is concerning, given the protection afforded this remnant population. Implications Short-term data from 1997–2001 indicated a healthy M. temminckii population, whereas longer-term data showed that the population has declined, resulting in significant demographic changes. Continued monitoring will be necessary to develop management recommendations and track the impact of implemented management practices. Longer-term monitoring of long-lived vertebrates is required to identify population trends.

scholarly journals Tallgrass Prairie Responses to Management Practices and Disturbances: A Review

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Wagle ◽  
Prasanna Gowda
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
The Impact

Adoption of better management practices is crucial to lessen the impact of anthropogenic disturbances on tallgrass prairie systems that contribute heavily for livestock production in several states of the United States. This article reviews the impacts of different common management practices and disturbances (e.g., fertilization, grazing, burning) and tallgrass prairie restoration on plant growth and development, plant species composition, water and nutrient cycles, and microbial activities in tallgrass prairie. Although nitrogen (N) fertilization increases aboveground productivity of prairie systems, several factors greatly influence the range of stimulation across sites. For example, response to N fertilization was more evident on frequently or annually burnt sites (N limiting) than infrequently burnt and unburnt sites (light limiting). Frequent burning increased density of C4 grasses and decreased plant species richness and diversity, while plant diversity was maximized under infrequent burning and grazing. Grazing increased diversity and richness of native plant species by reducing aboveground biomass of dominant grasses and increasing light availability for other species. Restored prairies showed lower levels of species richness and soil quality compared to native remnants. Infrequent burning, regular grazing, and additional inputs can promote species richness and soil quality in restored prairies. However, this literature review indicated that all prairie systems might not show similar responses to treatments as the response might be influenced by another treatment, timing of treatments, and duration of treatments (i.e., short-term vs. long-term). Thus, it is necessary to examine the long-term responses of tallgrass prairie systems to main and interacting effects of combination of management practices under diverse plant community and climatic conditions for a holistic assessment.

Long-term health consequences of early-life exposure to substance abuse: an epigenetic perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Vaiserman
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Maternal Substance Abuse ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Abuse During Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

A growing body of evidence highlights the importance of the nutritional or other environmental stimuli during critical periods of development in the long-term programming of organ systems and homeostatic pathways of the organism. The adverse influences early in development and particularly during intrauterine life have been shown to programme the risks for adverse health outcomes in adult life. The mechanisms underlying developmental programming remain still unclear. However, increasing evidence has been accumulated indicating the important role of epigenetic regulation including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs in the developmental programming of late-onset pathologies, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and type 2 diabetes. The maternal substance abuse during pregnancy, including smoking, drinking and psychoactive drug intake, is one of the important factors determining the process of developmental programming in modern human beings. The impact of prenatal drug/substance exposure on infant and early childhood development is currently in the main focus. The long-term programming effects of such exposures on aging and associated pathologies, however, have been reported only rarely. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of recent research findings which indicate that maternal substance abuse during pregnancy and/or neonatal period can programme not only a child's health status, but also can cause long-term or even life-long health outcomes via mechanisms of epigenetic memory.

The impact of livestock grazing on the persistence of a perennial forb in a temperate Australian grassland

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Dorrough ◽  
Julian Ash
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Recent Occurrence ◽  
The Impact

The presence of perennial plant species in grazed habitats may be an imperfect predictor of their long-term ability to persist under grazing by livestock. This is particularly the case in landscapes where grazing by livestock is a relatively recent occurrence or where management practices are leading to intensification of grazing. This paper investigates the impacts of grazing on the native perennial inter-tussock forb Leptorhynchos elongatus (Asteraceae) in grasslands on the Monaro Tablelands of New South Wales. Although the species persists in grazed habitats, exclosures indicate that current grazing management can lead to severe depletion of seed, largely due to selective removal of flowers and seed heads by livestock. A population model suggests that under current grazing management, population growth rates may be negative. Removal of livestock during flowering and seed set may assist long-term persistence of this species in grazed habitats. Despite almost 200 years of livestock grazing on the Monaro Tablelands, recent intensification of grazing management could result in the future loss of some plant species in grazed habitats.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAND TENURE AND SOIL PRODUCTIVITY

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. VAN VUUREN ◽  
P. YSSELSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Contractual Obligations ◽  
The Impact

Renting of agricultural land is gaining in importance in Canada. The impact of rental on soil conservation and on long-term soil productivity was examined in central southwestern Ontario. Prevailing leasing contracts were short-term, with a minimum of contractual obligations on both parties. A difference in soil management practices was found between owner-operated land and rented land. Both recurrent and nonrecurrent practices upgrading the soil were carried out to a lesser extent on rented than on owner-operated land, while the quality of the rented land was in fact lower and in greater need of ameliorative practices. This resulted in a difference in grain corn yield; the lower yield being obtained from rented land. Key words: Land tenure, tenancy, rental contract, soil conservation, soil productivity, soil quality

Long-Term Measurements to Quantify the Impact of Arable Management Practices on Deep Seepage and Nitrate Leaching

2010 ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Schindler ◽  
Lothar Müller ◽  
Ralf Dannowski ◽  
Dietmar Barkusky ◽  
Glyn Francis
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Venous thromboembolism in the elderly

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (05) ◽  
pp. 780-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel M. Gore ◽  
Darleen Lessard ◽  
Cathy Emery ◽  
Luigi Pacifico ◽  
George Reed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Recurrent Vte ◽  
The Impact

SummaryWhile the magnitude of venous thromboembolism (VTE) increases dramatically with advancing age,relatively little is known about the contemporary management of VTE in the elderly and the impact of age on associated short- and long-term outcomes. The objectives of this population-based study were to compare the clinical characteristics,treatment practices,and outcomes of subjects ≥65 years with VTE to those of younger patients.The medical records of residents of the Worcester (MA, USA) metropolitan area with ICD-9 codes consistent with VTE during 1999, 2001, and 2003 were independently validated and reviewed by trained data abstractors. Information about patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics, hospital management practices, and hospital and long-term outcomes was collected. There were a total of 1,897 validated events of VTE – 1,048 (55%) occurred in patients ≥65 years of age. Patients ≥65 years were less likely to have “unprovoked” VTE than younger patients.They were less likely to receive parenteral anticoagulation or warfarin as acute treatment. Rates of recurrent VTE did not differ significantly between patients 65 years of age or older compared to younger patients but the adjusted rates of major bleeding were increased approximately two-fold in older patients. In conclusion, advancing age is not a predictor of recurrent VTE but is associated with a significant increase in major bleeding episodes. Physicians treating elderly patients with VTE should continue to base their decisions on clinical characteristics previously shown to impact the risk of recurrent VTE. These decisions must be tempered by our observation that major bleeding occurs frequently in these patients.

No-tillage altered weed species dynamics in a long-term (36-year) grain sorghum experiment in southeast Texas

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-484
Author(s):  
Prabhu Govindasamy ◽  
Debalin Sarangi ◽  
Tony Provin ◽  
Frank Hons ◽  
Muthukumar Bagavathiannan
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Species Dynamics ◽  
Ct System ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTillage regimes can influence weed population dynamics and, consequently, the choice of appropriate weed management practices. Studies were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in a long-term (36-yr) grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. bicolor] experiment at Texas A&M University, College Station, to determine the impact of long-term no-till (NT) and conventional till (CT) systems on weed species dynamics. Higher densities of johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.], prostrate spurge [Chamaesyce humistrata (Engelm. ex A. Gray) Small], waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer], and henbit (Lamium amplexicaule L.) were recorded in the NT system compared with the CT system. Further, the NT system showed greater weed diversity (Shannon-Wiener index, H = 0.8) and species richness (S = 6.2), compared with the CT system (H = 0.6, S = 4.2). Seedling emergence of some dominant weed species was also delayed in the NT system. In the CT system, 50% emergence of S. halepense (8.5 C base temperature) and waterhemp (10 C base temperature) occurred at 59 and 63 growing degree days (GDD), respectively, whereas 68 and 75 GDD, respectively, were required in the NT system. Further, a greater proportion (61%) of the viable seedbank was present at the top 5 cm of the soil in the NT system compared with the CT system (46%). Overall, findings from this 36-yr-long tillage experiment have revealed that the NT system had greater weed densities (especially of the perennial weed S. halepense) and a high proportion of weed seeds (particularly small-seeded annuals) on the topsoil layer, corroborating some earlier reports that were based on short-term investigations. Findings indicate that growers transitioning to NT systems should be mindful of potential shifts in weed species dominance and develop appropriate management tactics.

Forest Management, Farmers' Practices and Biodiversity Conservation in the Monogaga Protected Coastal Forest in Southwest Côte D'ivoire

Africa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Adou Yao ◽  
Barnard Roussel
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Coastal Forest ◽  
Species List ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe emergence of biodiversity standards in the nature conservation literature requires that we consider the interactions between conservation and local practices from a new angle. The coastal forest of Monogaga, a protected area inhabited by a local population, is an ideal terrain for comparing the impact of local agricultural practices and the activities of Sodefor, the government agency charged with the management of this conservation area. The discourses and uses of forest resources of these two actors allow us to compare the biodiversity of forest cover categories recognized by peasant farmers and Sodefor, using the standard statistical methods for measuring biodiversity (the Shannon and Weaver index, species richness, number of special status species).For Sodefor, it is the most dense forest ecosystems (the ‘black forests’ ) and the lands that they occupy that constitute the area's natural heritage. The agency believes that these forests must be protected from all human uses, especially farming, if the forest is to be transmitted to future generations. In contrast, Wanne farmers view the old forests (kporo) as long-term fallows (teteklwoa) or reserves of fertile land that will be cleared when there is a need for more farmland in the future. For them, patrimony is constituted by the intergenerational transmission of a bundle of resource access and farming rights within lineages.With regard to biodiversity, a comparison of the two types of resource management practices (Sodefor and farmer) gives nuanced results. The farmers' areas are more diverse than those of Sodefor when considering the Aké Assi threatened species list. For the Sassandrian species list, both management types maintained the same quantity of species. For endemics and the IUCN red list species, the spatial units controlled by Sodefor show more diversity.

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