The Early Permian Bolosaurid Eudibamus cursoris: Earliest Reptile to Combine Parasagittal Stride and Digitigrade Posture During Quadrupedal and Bipedal Locomotion

A comprehensive description of the holotype skeleton is presented here for the first time of the lower Permian (Artinskian) reptile Eudibamus cursoris from the Bromacker locality of Germany since the brief description of the holotype in 2000. The holotype is essentially complete and is the only known bolosaurid represented by a well-preserved articulated skeleton. Included in the description here is a superbly preserved, partial, articulated second specimen of E. cursoris discovered at the same locality that includes a short portion of the vertebral column associated with the pelvis and right hindlimb. Descriptions of the holotype and new specimen add substantially to features of the skull and postcranium that not only confirm a bolosaurid assignment, but also add significantly to an already long list of structural features supporting an ability unique among Paleozoic vertebrates to reach relatively high bipedal and quadrupedal running speeds employing a parasagittal stride and digitigrade stance with the limbs held in a near vertical posture. Structural differences between the two specimens are restricted to the tarsi and are attributed to different ontogenetic stages of ossification, with the holotype representing a more juvenile individual, and the larger second specimen representing a more mature animal.

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Structural Features of Heparan Sulfate from Multiple Osteochondromas and Chondrosarcomas

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23123277 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 3277 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Noemi Veraldi ◽

Alessandro Parra ◽

Elena Urso ◽

Cesare Cosentino ◽

Manuela Locatelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heparan Sulfate ◽

Bone Growth ◽

Structural Features ◽

Signaling Networks ◽

Phenotypic Differences ◽

Multiple Osteochondromas ◽

Structural Differences ◽

Set Up ◽

First Time ◽

Cartilaginous Tumors

Multiple osteochondromas (MO) is a hereditary disorder associated with benign cartilaginous tumors, known to be characterized by absence or highly reduced amount of heparan sulfate (HS) in the extracellular matrix of growth plate cartilage, which alters proper signaling networks leading to improper bone growth. Although recent studies demonstrated accumulation of HS in the cytoplasm of MO chondrocytes, nothing is known on the structural alterations which prevent HS from undergoing its physiologic pathway. In this work, osteochondroma (OC), peripheral chondrosarcoma, and healthy cartilaginous human samples were processed following a procedure previously set up to structurally characterize and compare HS from pathologic and physiologic conditions, and to examine the phenotypic differences that arise in the presence of either exostosin 1 or 2 (EXT1 or EXT2) mutations. Our data suggest that HS chains from OCs are prevalently below 10 kDa and slightly more sulfated than healthy ones, whereas HS chains from peripheral chondrosarcomas (PCSs) are mostly higher than 10 kDa and remarkably more sulfated than all the other samples. Although deeper investigation is still necessary, the approach here applied pointed out, for the first time, structural differences among OC, PCS, and healthy HS chains extracted from human cartilaginous excisions, and could help in understanding how the structural features of HS are modulated in the presence of pathological situations also involving different tissues.

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First record of catacrinid crinoid from the Lower Permian of Spitsbergen

Polish Polar Research ◽

10.2478/popore-2013-0010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 139-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Przemysław Gorzelak ◽

Błażej Błażejowski ◽

Alfred Uchman ◽

Nils−Martin Hanken

Keyword(s):

First Record ◽

Lower Permian ◽

Early Permian ◽

Considerable Part ◽

Generic Level ◽

Degree Of Certainty ◽

First Time

AbstractAn early Permian (late Artinskian-Roadian) cladid crinoid (Catacrinidae gen. et sp. indet.) is reported for the first time from the Vøringen Member of the Kapp Starostin Formation of Spitsbergen. The specimen is partly articulated and preserves a considerable part of its stalk and a complete cup, but only the proximal portions of its arms. Thus, it can− not be identified with any degree of certainty at the generic level. Despite this, our finding is important as it constitutes one of the youngest records of catacrinid crinoids to date and con− siderably extends the palaeogeographic distribution of this group.

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Early Permian corals from Arrow Canyon, Clark County, Nevada

Journal of Paleontology ◽

10.1017/s0022336000025233 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 67 (6) ◽

pp. 935-945 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Edward C. Wilson ◽

Ralph L. Langenheim

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

The Other ◽

Lower Permian ◽

Shelf Area ◽

Early Permian ◽

Western North America ◽

Clark County ◽

Canyon Range ◽

First Time ◽

Tabulate Corals

Rugose and tabulate corals from the Lower Permian (Wolfcampian) part of the Bird Spring Group in Arrow Canyon, Arrow Canyon Range, Clark County, Nevada, comprise eight species in eight genera. Stylastraea rowetti n. sp. is the first unequivocal record of this genus west of Texas in North America. Heritschiella girtyi, the only endemic North American waagenophyllid genus and species, is recorded outside Kansas for the first time. Paraheritschioides stevensi formerly was known only from northern California. The other species also occur elsewhere in the Permian of Nevada and nearby. This southeast Nevada shelf area has the first known intermixture of corals from the Durhaminid Coral Province and subprovinces of far western North America and the Cyathaxonid Coral Province of middle and southwestern North America.

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A new species of Dimetrodon (Synapsida: Sphenacodontidae) from the Lower Permian of Germany records first occurrence of genus outside of North America

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e00-106 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 803-812 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

David S Berman ◽

Robert R Reisz ◽

Thomas Martens ◽

Amy C Henrici

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

North America ◽

Vertebral Column ◽

First Record ◽

Lower Permian ◽

Early Permian ◽

Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽

First Occurrence ◽

Large Predators ◽

A New Species

A new species of the sphenacodontid synapsid Dimetrodon, D. teutonis, is described on the basis of a single, adult specimen consisting of a large portion of the presacral vertebral column. The holotype was collected from the Lower Permian Tambach Formation, lowermost formational unit of the Upper Rotliegend, of the Bromacker quarry locality in the midregion of the Thuringian Forest near Gotha, central Germany. This is the first record of the genus outside of North America and, therefore, provides not only additional biological evidence of a continuous Euramerican landmass during the Early Permian, but also the absence of any major physical or biological barrier to faunal interchange of terrestrial vertebrates. An estimated weight of 14 kg for D. teutonis is half that of the smallest, previously recognized species, D. natalis. Sphenacodontid phylogeny indicates that the diminutive size of D. teutonis represents an autapomorphy and is in general accord with the absence of large-sized, basal synapsid predators at this truly terrestrial upland locality. It is speculated that the diminutive size of D. teutonis was probably an adaptation to a truly terrestrial, relatively uplands existence like that represented by the Bromacker locality. Here it subsisted on small vertebrates (and possibly large invertebrates) of the Bromacker assemblage, in which the dominant members in both size and abundance were herbivorous diadectids, and it was unlikely to encounter large predators.

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ОСОБЛИВОСТІ БУДОВИ КІСТОК ТАЗОСТЕГНОВОГО СУГЛОБА ПТАХІВ, ЯК ОКРЕМОЇ ЛАНКИ ЛОКОМОТОРНОГО АПАРАТА

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.15421/nvlvet7020 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (3(70)) ◽

pp. 88-91

Author(s):

N.V. Druz

Keyword(s):

Hip Joint ◽

Ecological Study ◽

Structural Features ◽

Ground Movement ◽

Bipedal Locomotion ◽

Adaptive Process ◽

Different Types ◽

Bone Structures ◽

First Time ◽

Comparative Description

This article is dedicated to the study of the structure, ways of formation of bone structures that form the basis of locomotor organs, namely the hip joint, the elucidation of mechanisms of their development, because they provide their reliable functioning. The study of the structural features of the skeleton of birds in comparison to other animals makes it possible to understand the phylogeny as an adaptive process that is the basis of evolution at all.Theoretical generalization of structural features of birds’ hip joint that are characterized by different types of biomorphological adaptations, such as the type and speed of ground movement in the habitat, are presented in the article. This new position allows analyzing the processes of differentiation and transformation of muscles and skeletal elements of birds’ hip joint, which are functioning and developing under the influence of various external factors.The summarized results of the original systematic morpho–functional and morpho–ecological study of hip bones as the main unit of bipedal locomotion of the Class Aves, is given. A detailed comparative description of skeletal elements of birds’ hip joint, that accompanied by unique historical overview which covers more than two–thousand–year period, is provided for the first time. The analysis of some significant morphological structures, which gives clues to the reconstruction of adaptive evolution of any group of birds, is given.

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Atlas–axis complex of Secodontosaurus, a sphenacodontid mammal-like reptile (Eupelycosauria: Synapsida) from the Lower Permian of Texas

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e92-051 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 596-600 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Robert R. Reisz ◽

Diane Scott ◽

Jack van Bendegem

Keyword(s):

Vertebral Column ◽

Neural Spine ◽

Lower Permian ◽

Early Permian ◽

Ventral Edge ◽

Shape And Size

The description of the atlas–axis complex of Secodontosaurus (an Early Permian synapsid) indicates that sphenacodontids share with primitive therapsids the derived feature of a tall atlantal pleurocentrum that extends to the ventral edge of the vertebral column. Although similar, the postcranial skeletons of Dimetrodon and Secodontosaurus can be differentiated by the distinct shape and size of the latter's axial neural spine and posterior zygapophysis.

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Early Permian organogenic buildups within the Northern part of Timan-Pechora basin

Moscow University Bulletin. Series 4. Geology ◽

10.33623/0579-9406-2020-3-57-65 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 57-65

Author(s):

N. V. Evdokimov ◽

V. A. Zhemchugova

Keyword(s):

Structural Features ◽

Lower Permian ◽

Early Permian ◽

Benthic Organisms ◽

Pechora Basin ◽

Irregular Distribution ◽

Genetic Features ◽

Area Of Study

Lower Permian organogenic buildups within the Northern part of Timan-Pechora basin are mounds-type structures. They are characterized by an extremely irregular distribution of reservoirs which are linked to facial zones and genetic features of the deposits. Two types of buildups were distinguished qualified as microbial and skeletal mounds formed by different paleo-communities of benthic organisms. The composition and textural-structural features of prevailing limestones within these buildups there is a key to understand the distribution of reservoirs within the area of study.

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Modeling and Molecular Dynamics of the 3D Structure of the HPV16 E7 Protein and Its Variants

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22031400 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 1400

Author(s):

Ciresthel Bello-Rios ◽

Sarita Montaño ◽

Olga Lilia Garibay-Cerdenares ◽

Lilian Esmeralda Araujo-Arcos ◽

Marco Antonio Leyva-Vázquez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Dynamics ◽

3D Structure ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Dynamics Simulation ◽

Structural Refinement ◽

Oncogenic Potential ◽

Structural Differences ◽

Reference Protein ◽

E6 And E7 ◽

First Time

The oncogenic potential of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is predicated on the production of the E6 and E7 oncoproteins, which are responsible for disrupting the control of the cell cycle. Epidemiological studies have proposed that the presence of the N29S and H51N variants of the HPV16 E7 protein is significantly associated with cervical cancer. It has been suggested that changes in the amino acid sequence of E7 variants may affect the oncoprotein 3D structure; however, this remains uncertain. An analysis of the structural differences of the HPV16 E7 protein and its variants (N29S and H51N) was performed through homology modeling and structural refinement by molecular dynamics simulation. We propose, for the first time, a 3D structure of the E7 reference protein and two of Its variants (N29S and H51N), and conclude that the mutations induced by the variants in N29S and H51N have a significant influence on the 3D structure of the E7 protein of HPV16, which could be related to the oncogenic capacity of this protein.

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Early Permian fossil vertebrate footprints and their stratigraphic setting in megacyclic sequence II red beds, Prim Point, Prince Edward Island

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e89-050 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 591-605 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

David J. Mossman ◽

Craig H. Place

Keyword(s):

Central Europe ◽

Prince Edward Island ◽

River Sediments ◽

Early Permian ◽

Red Beds ◽

Sparse Vegetation ◽

The Third ◽

Fossil Vertebrate ◽

Crevasse Splay ◽

First Time

Vertebrate trace fossils are reported for the first time from red beds near the top of megacyclic sequence II at Prim Point in southwestern Prince Edward Island. They occur as casts of tetrapod trackways. The ichnocoenose also includes a rich invertebrate ichnofauna. The trackmakers thrived in an area of sparse vegetation and occupied out-of-channel river sediments, most likely crevasse-splay deposits.Amphisauropus latus, represented by three trackways, has been previously reported from Germany, Poland, and Czechoslovakia. It is here interpreted as the track of a cotylosaur. It occurs together with the track of Gilmoreichnus kablikae, which is either a captorhinomorph or possibly a juvenile pelycosaur. These facilitate the assignment of a late Early Permian (late Autunian) age to the strata. The third set of footprints, those of a small herbivorous pelycosaur, compare most closely with Ichniotherium willsi, known hitherto from the Keele beds (latest Stephanian) of the English Midlands.This ichnocoenose occurs in a plate-tectonically rafted segment of crust stratigraphically equivalent to the same association of ichnofauna in the English Midlands and central Europe. The community occupied piedmont-valley-flat red beds within the molasse facies of Variscan uplands.

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First Permo-Carboniferous conodonts from North Greenland

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756800007834 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 133 (5) ◽

pp. 553-564 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jan Audun Rasmussen ◽

Eckart Håkansson

Keyword(s):

Early Permian ◽

Upper Carboniferous ◽

The North ◽

First Time ◽

North Greenland

AbstractUpper Palaeozoic conodonts are described for the first time from the North Greenland Wandel Sea Basin. In eastern Peary Land, the Moscovian species Idiognathodus incurvus and the Kasimovian—Gzhelian I. magnificus occur in the Upper Carboniferous Foldedal Formation, while an assemblage from the lower part of the succeeding Kim Fjelde Formation suggests deposition in the Upper Artinskian Neostreptognathodus pequopensis—N. clarki Zone. These datings confirm the existence in the northern part of the Wandel Sea Basin of the pronounced early Permian hiatus previously recognized in Holm Land and Amdrup Land in the southern part of the basin. The single conodont specimen found at Prinsesse Ingeborg Halvø further corrobates the local absence of this regional hiatus in the central part of the Wandel Sea Basin.

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