scholarly journals Leaf Morphological Traits and Leaf Nutrient Concentrations of European Beech Across a Water Availability Gradient in Switzerland

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Salehi ◽  
Lorenz Walthert ◽  
Stephan Zimmermann ◽  
Peter Waldner ◽  
Maria Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Leaf Morphological Traits

scholarly journals Variation in Leaf Morphological Traits of European Beech and Norway Spruce Over Two Decades in Switzerland

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Zhu ◽  
Anne Thimonier ◽  
Sophia Etzold ◽  
Katrin Meusburger ◽  
Peter Waldner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Long Term Trend ◽  
Needle Mass ◽  
Leaf Morphological Traits

Leaf morphological traits (LMTs) of forest trees have been observed to vary across space and species. However, long-term records of LMTs are scarce, due to a lack of measurements and systematic leaf archives. This leaves a large gap in our understanding of the temporal dynamics and drivers of LMT variations, which may help us understand tree acclimation strategies. In our study, we used long-term LMT measurements from foliar material collections of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Norway spruce (Picea abies), performed every second year from 1995 to 2019 on the same trees within the Swiss Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Program LWF. The 11 study plots (6 beech, 4 spruce, and 1 mixed) are distributed along gradients of elevation (485–1,650 m a.s.l.), mean annual precipitation (935–2142 mm), and mean annual temperature (3.2–9.8°C). The investigated LMTs were (i) leaf or needle mass, (ii) leaf area or needle length, and (iii) leaf mass per area or needle mass per length. We combined this unique data set with plot variables and long-term data on potential temporal drivers of LMT variations, including meteorological and tree trait data. We used univariate linear regressions and linear mixed-effects models to identify the main spatial and temporal drivers of LMT variations, respectively. For beech LMTs, our temporal analysis revealed effects of mast year and crown defoliation, and legacy effects of vapor pressure deficit and temperature in summer and autumn of the preceding year, but no clear long-term trend was observed. In contrast, spruce LMTs were mainly driven by current-year spring conditions, and only needle mass per length showed a decreasing long-term trend over the study period. In temporal models, we observed that LMTs of both species were influenced by elevation and foliar nutrient concentrations, and this finding was partly confirmed by our spatial analyses. Our results demonstrate the importance of temporal analysis for determining less recognized drivers and legacy effects that influence LMTs, which are difficult to determine across space and species. The observed differences in the temporal drivers of beech and spruce LMTs suggest differences in the adaptation and acclimation potential of the two species.

scholarly journals Gladiolus production and nutritional status as a function of silicon application to the substrate1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristela Pereira Carvalho-Zanão ◽  
Fabíola Villa ◽  
Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Morphological Variables ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients

ABSTRACT Gladiolus is among the most traditional and important cut flowers in Brazil. Silicon (Si) is an element that has increased the production and quality of some ornamental plants. This study aimed at evaluating the production and nutritional status of gladiolus cultivars under greenhouse conditions, according to the Si doses applied to the substrate. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, being three gladiolus cultivars ('White Friendship', 'Rose Friendship' and 'Red Beauty') and four Si doses (0 mg dm-3, 150 mg dm-3, 300 mg dm-3 and 600 mg dm-3), with five replicates. Morphological traits and leaf Si, macro and micronutrients were evaluated. 'White Friendship' and 'Red Beauty' developed taller plants, with a higher diameter and spikes heavier and longer than 'Rose Friendship'. The order of leaf nutrient concentrations for all the cultivars evaluated was the same (K > N > Ca > Mg > S > P > Fe > Mn > B > Zn > Cu), with all of them being classified as Si non-accumulators. Neither the evaluated morphological variables, nor the uptake of the nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, were affected by the Si supplementation, suggesting that the addition of Si to the substrate does not enhance the gladiolus production.

scholarly journals Relationships between leaf morphological traits, nutrient concentrations and isotopic signatures for Mediterranean woody plant species and communities

2012 ◽  
Vol 357 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 407-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
María T. Domínguez ◽  
Cristina Aponte ◽  
Ignacio M. Pérez-Ramos ◽  
Luis V. García ◽  
Rafael Villar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Woody Plant Species ◽  
Leaf Morphological Traits

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Phosphorus Resorption in Planted Forests Worldwide

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalong Jiang ◽  
Qinghong Geng ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Yiqi Luo ◽  
Jason Vogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Resorption ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Functional Types ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Concentrations

Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves is one of the plants’ essential nutrient conservation strategies. Parameters associated with resorption are important nutrient-cycling constraints for accurate predictions of long-term primary productivity in forest ecosystems. However, we know little about the spatial patterns and drivers of leaf nutrient resorption in planted forests worldwide. By synthesizing results of 146 studies, we explored nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) resorption efficiency (NRE and PRE) among climate zones and tree functional types, as well as the factors that play dominant roles in nutrient resorption in plantations globally. Our results showed that the mean NRE and PRE were 58.98% ± 0.53% and 60.21% ± 0.77%, respectively. NRE significantly increased from tropical to boreal zones, while PRE did not significantly differ among climate zones, suggesting differential impacts of climates on NRE and PRE. Plant functional types exert a strong influence on nutrient resorption. Conifer trees had higher PRE than broadleaf trees, reflecting the adaptation of the coniferous trees to oligotrophic habitats. Deciduous trees had lower PRE than evergreen trees that are commonly planted in P-limited low latitudes and have long leaf longevity with high nutrient use efficiency. While non-N-fixing trees had higher NRE than N-fixing trees, the PRE of non-N-fixing trees was lower than that of N-fixing trees, indicating significant impact of the N-fixing ability on the resorption of N and P. Our multivariate regression analyses showed that variations in NRE were mainly regulated by climates (mean annual precipitation and latitude), while variations in PRE were dominantly controlled by green leaf nutrient concentrations (N and P). Our results, in general, suggest that the predicted global warming and changed precipitation regimes may profoundly affect N cycling in planted forests. In addition, green leaf nutrient concentrations may be good indicators for PRE in planted forests.

Leaf damage by Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its relation to leaf morphological traits in maize landraces and commercial cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Luis F. Conceição dos Santos ◽  
Esaú Ruiz-Sánchez ◽  
Rubén H. Andueza-Noh ◽  
René Garruña-Hernández ◽  
Luis Latournerie-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Maize Landraces ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Leaf Morphological Traits

scholarly journals Effect of Cover Crops on Yield and Leaf Nutrient Concentrations in an Organic Honeycrisp Apple (Malus domestica ‘Honeycrisp’) Orchard in Nova Scotia, Canada

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1378-1383
Author(s):  
Mehdi Sharifi ◽  
Julia Reekie ◽  
Andrew Hammermeister ◽  
Mohammed Zahidul Alam ◽  
Taylor MacKey
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Total N ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
K Concentration

There is an increasing interest for use of cover crops in orchards; however, the species that are most likely to be successfully implemented and their impact on yield and soil productivity have not been fully explored under Maritimes climate. This study investigated the effect of various cover crops treatments on organic apple (Malus domestica Borkh cv. Honeycrisp) yield and leaf nutrient concentrations in Nova Scotia over 3 years. Various cover crop mixtures including legumes, cereals, and grasses were planted using a modified Swiss Sandwich System (SSS). The cover crops treatments did not affect apple yield. In 2012, the input of biomass to the soil was 89% and 144% greater for alfalfa (ALF) and other cover crop treatments than unseeded (CON) treatment, respectively. The pea, oats, vetch mixture (POVM) contributed 24% higher biomass N to soil compared with average of other cover crops in 2012. Soil available K concentration in the tilled strip was increased in the 3rd year of the study compared with the initial values across cover crop treatments. The red clover oats mixture (RCOM), POVM, and Triple Mix (TM) treatments appeared to add the greatest amount of available K to the soil among treatments. The CON, TM, and ALF treatments resulted in higher leaf Mn concentration in only 2012 and CON, sweet clover and oats mixture (SCOM), and ALF resulted in higher leaf P concentration in 2014, compared with other treatments. Cover crops did not compete with apple trees and their most beneficial and consistent contribution was to total C, total N, and K input to the soil.

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