scholarly journals EXT1 and EXT2 Variants in 22 Chinese Families With Multiple Osteochondromas: Seven New Variants and Potentiation of Preimplantation Genetic Testing and Prenatal Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Wang ◽  
Liangying Zhong ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Lei Ding ◽  
Yuanjun Ji ◽  
...  

Multiple osteochondromas (MO), the most common type of benign bone tumor, is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder characterized by multiple cartilage-capped bony protuberances. In most cases, EXT1 and EXT2, which encode glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate, are the genes responsible. Here we describe the clinical, phenotypic and genetic characterization of MO in 22 unrelated Chinese families involving a total of 60 patients. Variant detection was performed by means of a battery of different techniques including Sanger sequencing and whole-exome sequencing (WES). The pathogenicity of the missense and splicing variants was explored by means of in silico prediction algorithms. Sixteen unique pathogenic variants, including 10 in the EXT1 gene and 6 in the EXT2 gene, were identified in 18 (82%) of the 22 families. Fourteen (88%) of the 16 variants were predicted to give rise to truncated proteins whereas the remaining two were missense. Seven variants were newly described here, further expanding the spectrum of MO-causing variants in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes. More importantly, the identification of causative variants allowed us to provide genetic counseling to 8 MO patients in terms either of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) or prenatal diagnosis, thereby preventing the reoccurrence of MO in the corresponding families. This study is the first to report the successful implementation of PGT in MO families and describes the largest number of subjects undergoing prenatal diagnosis to date.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Xin Pan

Uniparental disomy (UPD) is a specific type of chromosomal variant that has been detected in both prenatal diagnosis and neonates with advances in molecular genetic testing technologies [mainly chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) technologies containing single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) probes]. In this case, we performed non-invasive prenatal genetic testing (NIPT) to screen fetuses for aneuploidy and detected the presence of aneuploidy chimerism and UPD by CMA, including SNP analysis and whole-exome sequencing, to detect pathogenic variants within the genome. The NIPT results suggested an increased number of fetal chromosome 16, and the CMA results indicated that it was the first case of holistic paternal UPD16 with isodisomy combined with heterodisomy, although no abnormal phenotype was seen in the newborn at postnatal follow-up. The homozygous region of the isodimer combined with the heterodimer is smaller than that of the complete isodimer, and it is less prone to recessive genetic diseases. A retrospective analysis of this case of paternally derived UPD16 was used to explore the uniparental diploid origin of chromosome 16 and to provide some reference for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 103201
Author(s):  
Petra Vuković ◽  
Fedro Alessandro Peccatori ◽  
Claudia Massarotti ◽  
Manuel Selvi Miralles ◽  
Lidija Beketić-Orešković ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sha Yu ◽  
Wen-xia Chen ◽  
Yun-Fei Zhang ◽  
Chao Chen ◽  
Yihua Ni ◽  
...  

Abstract BackgroundBiallelic mutations in LOXHD1 have been identified as the cause of DFNB77 (deafness, autosomal recessive 77). It is a novel, progressive, severe-profound, and late-onset non-syndromic hearing loss, and is genetically and phenotypically highly heterogeneous. This study aimed to provide an additional three cases of DFNB77 to analyze this complex disease.MethodsWe presented three cases of pediatric patients with prelingual milder form of the DFNB77 with residual hearing at low frequencies. Trio whole-exome sequencing (WES) was conducted to identify the pathogenic variants. Additionally, we reviewed the literature to further analyze the relationships between the genotype and audiology phenotype of LOXHD1 worldwide.ResultsSix novel possible pathogenic LOXHD1 variants in three patients were identified by WES, including three missense, one nonsense, and two splicing variants. The literature review showed that 68.5% of DFNB77 patient onset before five years old; Most variants (60%) were associated with a milder phenotype, particularly variants in the protein domain of PLAT 7 and PLAT 9. We found that compared with homozygous LOXHD1 variants, individuals with heterozygous compound variants had a significantly milder phenotype, especially individuals carrying one missense and one splicing or bi-allelic missense variants (P <0.05). Audiometric analysis at different ages showed that the hearing loss degree was aggravated at all frequencies in adulthood and more severe in elderhood.ConclusionsWe report three children with hearing loss carrying six novel LOXHD1 variants identified by WES. Furthermore, our work indicates that DFNB77 may be milder than previously reported, and recommends considering the genotype combination and mutation location of LOXHD1 and race-specificity in DFNB77 molecular diagnoses and management.


Author(s):  
Е.В. Соловьёва ◽  
О.Р. Канбекова ◽  
Д.И. Жигалина ◽  
Н.А. Скрябин ◽  
Л.И. Минайчева

В рамках подготовительных этапов преимплантационного тестирования 9 моногенных заболеваний (ПГT-М) методом гнездовой ПЦР проанализированы 144 локуса (STR и патогенные варианты)109 единичных клеток и 24 образцов продуктов полногеномной амплификации (ПГА) нескольких клеток. Pre-examination single cell validation was performed for preimplantation genetic testing (PGT-M) for 9 monogenic disorders by nested PCR for STR and pathogenic variants. Totally 109 single cells and 24 WGA products (by MDA) were analyzed.


Author(s):  
Е.В. Соловьёва ◽  
Л.И. Минайчева ◽  
М.М. Склеймова ◽  
А.О. Фомин ◽  
Е.В. Бройтман ◽  
...  

Цель: представление клинического случая успешного преимплантационного генетического тестирования моногенного заболевания (ПГТ-М) - мукополисахаридоза второго типа (МПС II, синдром Хантера). Методы. Супружеская пара (32 и 31 год), имеющая ребенка с МПС II, обратилась за проведением ПГТ-М (патогенный вариант гена IDS - c.613delG). У женщины также имелась инверсия хромосомы 10. Для семьи была разработана система таргетного преимплантационного тестирования МПС II, валидирована на единичных лимфоцитах и продуктах полногеномной амплификации. Использовали метод двухраундной ПЦР с детекцией фрагментным анализом. В двух программах экстракорпорального оплодотворения (ЭКО) применяли стандартные протоколы стимуляции суперовуляции, оплодотворение проводили методом ИКСИ (инъекция сперматозоида в цитоплазму ооцита). Биопсию эмбрионов выполняли на пятые сутки развития (один эмбрион на шестые), эмбрионы витрифицировали. ПГТ-М проводили в транспортном варианте по схеме, разработанной на подготовительном этапе. Пренатальную диагностику выполняли методом хорионбиопсии, анализировали кариотип, ген IDS и пол плода. Результаты. При разработке системы были подобраны и протестированы 14 STR-маркеров (коротких тандемных повторов), сцепленных с геном IDS, из которых половина была информативна и давала амплификацию для единичных клеток. Разработанная для семьи система ПГТ-М МПС II включала анализ патогенного варианта гена IDS, семи информативных STR-маркеров, генов AMEL и SRY. Преимплантационное тестирование анеуплоидии не проводилось (пациентка отказалась). В первой программе ЭКО протестировано и рекомендовано к переносу три эмбриона, однако перенос был отложен по желанию супружеской пары. Во второй программе ЭКО пять эмбрионов были протестированы, три рекомендованы к переносу. Проведен криоперенос одного эмбриона мужского пола с нормальной хромосомой X в отношении патогенного варианта гена IDS. Наступила одноплодная беременность. Пренатальная диагностика полностью подтвердила результаты ПГТ-М. Беременность успешно завершилась срочными родами здорового мальчика в июле 2021 года. Заключение Разработанная нами система, успешное проведение всех этапов ЭКО и ПГТ-М и хороший репродуктивный потенциал супружеской пары позволили достичь беременности и рождения здорового ребенка в семье с высоким генетическим риском в отношении МПС II. Aim: we report of our data of successful preimplantation genetic testing (PGT-M) for mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II, Hunter syndrome). Methods. A couple (32 and 31 years old) with Hunter syndrome affected child asked for PGT-M for MPS II (pathogenic variant c.613delG of the IDS gene). In addition, the woman has an inversion of chromosome 10. A system of targeted preimplantation testing was developed for the family, validated on single lymphocytes and whole genome amplification products.. Nested PCR method and fragmentary analysis were used for molecular genetic studies. Two IVF (in vitro fertilization) programs was carried out. Standard protocols for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with fertilization by ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) were used. Embryo biopsy was performed on the 5th day of embryo development (day 6th for one embryo), embryos were vitrified. Transport PGT-M (PGT for monogenic/single gene defects) was carried using system created at pre-examination setup. Prenatal diagnosis was performed using the chorion villus biopsy method; karyotype, IDS gene and fetal sex were analyzed. Results. During setup, 14 STR (short tandem repeat) markers linked to the IDS gene were selected and tested, half of them were informative and acceptable for single cells. Developed for the family the PGT-M MPS II system included analysis of a pathogenic variant of the IDS gene, seven informative STR markers, AMEL and SRY genes. No PGT-A (PGT for aneuploidy) was carried out. In the first IVF program, three embryos were tested and recommended for transfer, but the transfer was postponed at the patient request. In the second IVF program, five embryos were tested, three recommended for transfer. Frozen single embryo transfer of normal male embryo at the second of IVF-PGT-M program was carried out. A singleton pregnancy was achieved. Prenatal diagnosis fully confirmed PGT-M results. A healthy boy was delivered in July 2021. Conclusions. The successful implementation IVF-PGT-M with developed system and good reproductive potential of the couple made it possible to achieve pregnancy and the birth of a healthy child in a family with a high genetic risk for MPS II.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanhui Ou ◽  
Yu Deng ◽  
Yunhao Liang ◽  
Zhiheng Chen ◽  
Ling Sun

Abstract Background: To evaluate the ability of next-generation sequencing (NGS) to conduct preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) for thalassemia using affected embryos. Methods: This study included data from 36 couples who underwent PGT for thalassemia without proband and relative pedigrees. NGS results were compared with prenatal diagnosis results.Results: Thirty-six couples (29 α-thalassemia and 7 β-thalassemia) underwent 41 PGT cycles (31 α-thalassemia and 10 β-thalassemia). All biopsied blastocysts received conclusive results from NGS analysis (100%, 217/217). One hundred and sixty (73.7%, 160/217) were determined to be unaffected by thalassemia. PGT-A (PGT for aneuploidy) results showed that 112 (70.0%, 112/160) were euploid. Thirty-four couples were transferred with a single blastocyst (53 frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles). Thirty-two cycles resulted in clinical pregnancies, and the clinical pregnancy rate was 60.1% (32/53) per FET cycle. Twenty-two cycles (22 couples) resulted in 23 live births and the live birth rate was 43.4% (23/53, 3 cycles were ongoing pregnancy). All 25 cycles’ prenatal diagnosis results and/or thalassemia gene analysis after the delivery were concordant with the NGS-PGT results. Seven cycles were miscarried before 12 weeks’ gestation, and the abortion villus in four cycles showed a normal karyotype and thalassemia results consistent with the NGS-PGT results. Aborted fetus samples from 3 cycles were not available because the pregnancy was less than 5 weeks.Conclusion: NGS can be used to conduct PGT for thalassemia using affected embryos as a reference.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Feng ◽  
Hongen Xu ◽  
Bei Chen ◽  
Shuping Sun ◽  
Rongqun Zhai ◽  
...  

Background: Branchio-oto-renal syndrome (BOR) and branchio-oto syndrome (BOS) are rare autosomal dominant disorders defined by varying combinations of branchial, otic, and renal anomalies. Here, we characterized the clinical features and genetic etiology of BOR/BOS in several Chinese families and then explored the genotypes and phenotypes of BOR/BOS-related genes, as well as the outcomes of auditory rehabilitation in different modalities.Materials and Methods: Probands and all affected family members underwent detailed clinical examinations. Their DNA was subjected to whole-exome sequencing to explore the underlying molecular etiology of BOR/BOS; candidate variants were validated using Sanger sequencing and interpreted in accordance with the American College of Medical Genetics guidelines. In addition, a literature review concerning EYA1 and SIX1 alterations was performed to explore the genotypes and phenotypes of BOR/BOS-related genes.Results: Genetic testing identified the novel deletion (c.1425delC, p(Asp476Thrfs*4); NM_000,503.6), a nonsense variant (c.889C &gt; T, p(Arg297*)), and two splicing variants in the EYA1 gene (c.1050+1G &gt; T and c.1140+1G &gt; A); it also identified one novel missense variant in the SIX1 gene (c.316G &gt; A, p(Val106Met); NM_005,982.4). All cases exhibited a degree of phenotypic variability between or within families. Middle ear surgeries for improving bone-conduction component hearing loss had unsuccessful outcomes; cochlear implantation (CI) contributed to hearing gains.Conclusion: This is the first report of BOR/BOS caused by the SIX1 variant in China. Our findings increase the numbers of known EYA1 and SIX1 variants. They also emphasize the usefulness of genetic testing in the diagnosis and prevention of BOR/BOS while demonstrating that CI for auditory rehabilitation is a feasible option in some BOR/BOS patients.


2019 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. e37-e38
Author(s):  
S. Zhikrivetskaya ◽  
A. Orlova ◽  
E. Musatova ◽  
Ya Sofronova ◽  
N. Shirokova ◽  
...  

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2368
Author(s):  
Heidi G. Sutherland ◽  
Neven Maksemous ◽  
Cassie L. Albury ◽  
Omar Ibrahim ◽  
Robert A. Smith ◽  
...  

Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is a rare migraine disorder with aura subtype including temporary weakness and visual, sensory, and/or speech symptoms. To date, three main genes—CACNA1A, ATP1A2, and SCN1A—have been found to cause HM. These encode ion channels or transporters, important for regulating neuronal ion balance and synaptic transmission, leading to HM being described as a channelopathy. However, <20% of HM cases referred for genetic testing have mutations in these genes and other genes with roles in ion and solute transport, and neurotransmission has also been implicated in some HM cases. In this study, we performed whole exome sequencing for 187 suspected HM probands referred for genetic testing, but found to be negative for CACNA1A, ATP1A2, and SCN1A mutations, and applied targeted analysis of whole exome sequencing data for rare missense or potential protein-altering variants in the PRRT2, PNKD, SLC1A3, SLC2A1, SLC4A4, ATP1A3, and ATP1A4 genes. We identified known mutations and some potentially pathogenic variants in each of these genes in specific cases, suggesting that their screening improves molecular diagnosis for the disorder. However, the majority of HM patients were found not to have candidate mutations in any of the previously reported HM genes, suggesting that additional genetic factors contributing to the disorder are yet to be identified.


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