scholarly journals Estimated Breeding Values of Beef Sires Can Predict Performance of Beef-Cross-Dairy Progeny

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Martín ◽  
Lucy Coleman ◽  
Nicolás López-Villalobos ◽  
Nicola Schreurs ◽  
Stephen Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Beef Breed

On average, half of the animal’s estimated breeding value (EBV) is passed on to their progeny. However, it is not known how the performance of beef-cross-dairy cattle relates to the EBV of their beef sire. Such information is required to determine the genetic potential of beef sires selected based on existing EBV to be used on dairy cows in New Zealand. This study evaluated the relationship between the EBV of 30 Angus and 34 Hereford sires and the performance of their progeny for birth, growth, and carcass traits, via progeny testing of 975 beef-cross-dairy offspring born to dairy cows and grown on hill country pasture. Overall, BREEDPLAN EBV did predict progeny performance of the beef-cross-dairy cattle from this study. Gestation length and birthweight increased with increasing sire EBV (mean 0.37–0.62days and 0.52–0.64kg, respectively, p<0.05). Age at weaning decreased with increasing sire EBV for liveweight at 200days (0.17–0.21days per extra kilo of sire EBV, p<0.05) but sire EBV for liveweight at 200days had no effect on the liveweight of the progeny at 200days for either breed (p>0.05). Liveweight increased with sire EBV for liveweight at 400, 600, and 800days, by a similar amount for both breeds (between 0.23 and 0.42kg increase in progeny liveweight per extra kilo of sire EBV, p<0.05). The relationships were more inconsistent for carcass traits. For Hereford, carcass weight and eye muscle area increased with increasing sire EBV (0.27kg and 0.70cm2, respectively, p<0.05). For Angus, marble score increased by 0.10 with 1% extra in sire EBV for intramuscular fat (p<0.05). Rib fat depth tended to increase with sire EBV for both breeds (p<0.1). EBV derived from beef-breed data work in dairy-beef systems but maybe slightly less than the expected 0.5units of performance per unit of EBV. New Zealand farmers should consider BREEDPLAN EBV when selecting sires to mate dairy cows or when buying beef-cross-dairy calves for beef production, to ensure the resulting calves are born safely and on time and then grow well to produce carcasses of suitable meat and fat composition.

scholarly journals Sire Effects on Carcass of Beef-Cross-Dairy Cattle: A Case Study in New Zealand

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Natalia Martín ◽  
Nicola Schreurs ◽  
Stephen Morris ◽  
Nicolás López-Villalobos ◽  
Julie McDade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Meat Color ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Color Score

There is interest in increasing the carcass value of surplus calves born in the dairy industry that are reared for beef production in New Zealand. This experiment evaluated the carcass of Angus and Hereford sires via progeny testing of beef-cross-dairy offspring grown on hill country pasture. Weight and carcass traits were analyzed from 1015 animals and 1000 carcasses of 73 sires. The mean of the progeny group means was 567 kg for live weight at slaughter, 277 kg for carcass weight, 48.9% for dressing-out, 240.3 cm for carcass length, 73.6 cm2 for eye muscle area, 7.4 mm for rib fat depth, 0.91 for marble score, 3.05 for fat color score, 3.01 for meat color score, and 5.62 for ultimate pH. Sire affected (p < 0.05) carcass size and fat traits, but not fat color, meat color, or ultimate pH (p > 0.05). There was a 46 kg increase in carcass weight between the best and worst sires tested. Carcass fat traits were the most variable among sires. The use of genetically superior beef-breed sires over dairy-breed cows has the potential to increase carcass weights from surplus calves born in the dairy industry, while maintaining adequate fat levels and carcass quality.

scholarly journals Sire Effects on Birth Weight, Gestation Length, and Pre-Weaning Growth of Beef-Cross-Dairy Calves: A Case Study in New Zealand

Dairy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-395
Author(s):  
Lucy Coleman ◽  
Penny Back ◽  
Hugh Blair ◽  
Nicolas López-Villalobos ◽  
Rebecca Hickson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Beef Breed

Production of beef-cross-dairy calves from dairy cows increases the value of non-replacement calves born to the dairy herd. The use of beef-breed sires may impact on calf birth weight, gestation length and pre-weaning growth rate of calves, which in turn influences the profitability of the dairy farm. The aim of this case study was to compare the birth weight, gestation length, and pre-weaning growth of progeny born to mixed-aged dairy cows on a single farm which were artificially bred to a selection of Angus and Hereford bulls, typical of those used over dairy herds in New Zealand. The birth weight, gestation length and pre-weaning growth of 980 calves sired by 65 sires were compared. Mean progeny birth weight (range 33.3–41.4 kg), gestation length (range 276.1–288.6 days), age at weaning (range 70.3–88.3 days) and pre-weaning ADG (range 0.63–0.76 kg/d) differed among sires (p < 0.001). There was a negative genetic correlation (−0.31) and positive phenotypic correlation (0.36) between gestation length and birth weight. Age at weaning was negatively correlated with birth weight (genetic: −0.56, phenotypic: −0.57). Bulls used in this study, and other bulls with similar genetic merit for birth weight and gestation length would be suitable for mating mixed-aged dairy cows in New Zealand.

scholarly journals Impact Of Genotypes And Parity On Reproductive And Productive Attributes In Dairy Cattle Of Natore District, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
M Saiful Islam ◽  
Susanta Kumar Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

Impact of genotypes and parity on some vital reproductive and productive attributes in the local (L×L, n = 100) and four crossbred cows (L×F, L×SL, L×JR and L×S; n = 318) raised in randomly selected smallholder dairy farms scattered all over Natore District and adjacent areas have been assessed during a period from September 2007 to June 2010. With regard to reproductive attributes, significant differences existed among the cattle genotypes (P<0.05) except for gestation length (GL) and age at weaning (AW). The lowest age at puberty (AP) was found for L×F (21.42±0.37 months), while the highest for L×L (31.67±0.74 months). In terms of productivity, L×F cows produced the highest daily milk yield (DMY; 6.22±0.13 L), coupled with the highest total lactation yield (TLY; 2163.43±47.77 L), while L×L produced the lowest values (1.49±0.04 L and 416.40±12.3 L, respectively) for the traits. The effect of parity on both reproductive and productive attributes showed that the middle-aged dairy cows of the 3rd and 4th parities performed better than the younger (1st and 2nd parities) or the older (5th and beyond) ones. Considering the overall performance, the L×F cows could be ranked as the best genotype followed by their L×SL, L×JR, L×S and L×L counterparts in the study area. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v6i0.9727 JLES 2011 6: 91-96

scholarly journals Breed of origin of alleles and genomic predictions for crossbred dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jón H. Eiríksson ◽  
Emre Karaman ◽  
Guosheng Su ◽  
Ole F. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Marker Allele ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Proportional Contribution ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values

Abstract Background In dairy cattle, genomic selection has been implemented successfully for purebred populations, but, to date, genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) for crossbred cows are rarely available, although they are valuable for rotational crossbreeding schemes that are promoted as efficient strategies. An attractive approach to provide GEBV for crossbreds is to use estimated marker effects from the genetic evaluation of purebreds. The effects of each marker allele in crossbreds can depend on the breed of origin of the allele (BOA), thus applying marker effects based on BOA could result in more accurate GEBV than applying only proportional contribution of the purebreds. Application of BOA models in rotational crossbreeding requires methods for detecting BOA, but the existing methods have not been developed for rotational crossbreeding. Therefore, the aims of this study were to develop and test methods for detecting BOA in a rotational crossbreeding system, and to investigate methods for calculating GEBV for crossbred cows using estimated marker effects from purebreds. Results For detecting BOA in crossbred cows from rotational crossbreeding for which pedigree is recorded, we developed the AllOr method based on the comparison of haplotypes in overlapping windows. To calculate the GEBV of crossbred cows, two models were compared: a BOA model where marker effects estimated from purebreds are combined based on the detected BOA; and a breed proportion model where marker effects are combined based on estimated breed proportions. The methods were tested on simulated data that mimic the first four generations of rotational crossbreeding between Holstein, Jersey and Red Dairy Cattle. The AllOr method detected BOA correctly for 99.6% of the marker alleles across the four crossbred generations. The reliability of GEBV was higher with the BOA model than with the breed proportion model for the four generations of crossbreeding, with the largest difference observed in the first generation. Conclusions In rotational crossbreeding for which pedigree is recorded, BOA can be accurately detected using the AllOr method. Combining marker effects estimated from purebreds to predict the breeding value of crossbreds based on BOA is a promising approach to provide GEBV for crossbred dairy cows.

Postpartum anovulatory intervals in two genotypes of pasture-fed Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
L.R. McNaughton ◽  
G.A. Verkerk ◽  
T.J. Parkinson ◽  
B. Dow ◽  
K.A. Macdonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Genetic Strains ◽  
American Genetic

In pasture-based dairying systems it is important to maintain a 365-day calving interval, which requires that cows have a rapid resumption of postpartum ovulatory activity and high conception rates. The major form of infertility in New Zealand (NZ) dairy cows is an extended postpartum anovulatory interval (ppai; Macmillan, 2002), a problem that can be exacerbated by low body condition score (BCS) at calving (McDougall, 1995). Furthermore, Holstein cows, originating from North American genetic strains (Overseas; OS), which have been widely used in NZ in recent years, have longer intervals to first mating and conceive later than do NZ strains, suggesting a possible delay in the initiation of postpartum cyclicity (Harris and Winkleman, 2000). Worldwide, there is concern over an apparent decline in the fertility of Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle (Butler et al., 1995; Royal et al., 2000). The purpose of this trial was to determine whether there was a difference in ppai and BCS between NZ and OS Holstein Friesians that may affect reproductive performance.

scholarly journals Effect of errors in pedigree on the accuracy of estimated breeding value for carcass traits in Korean Hanwoo cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1057-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiemela Peter Nwogwugwu ◽  
Yeongkuk Kim ◽  
Yun Ji Chung ◽  
Sung Bong Jang ◽  
Seung Hee Roh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Estimated Breeding Value ◽  
Hanwoo Cattle

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of pedigree errors (PEs) on the accuracy of estimated breeding value (EBV) and genetic gain for carcass traits in Korean Hanwoo cattle.Methods: The raw data set was based on the pedigree records of Korean Hanwoo cattle. The animals’ information was obtained using Hanwoo registration records from Korean animal improvement association database. The record comprised of 46,704 animals, where the number of the sires used was 1,298 and the dams were 38,366 animals. The traits considered were carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), back fat thickness (BFT), and marbling score (MS). Errors were introduced in the pedigree dataset through randomly assigning sires to all progenies. The error rates substituted were 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%, respectively. A simulation was performed to produce a population of 1,650 animals from the pedigree data. A restricted maximum likelihood based animal model was applied to estimate the EBV, accuracy of the EBV, expected genetic gain, variance components, and heritability (h2) estimates for carcass traits. Correlation of the simulated data under PEs was also estimated using Pearson’s method.Results: The results showed that the carcass traits per slaughter year were not consistent. The average CWT, EMA, BFT, and MS were 342.60 kg, 78.76 cm<sup>2, 8.63 mm, and 3.31, respectively. When errors were introduced in the pedigree, the accuracy of EBV, genetic gain and h2 of carcass traits was reduced in this study. In addition, the correlation of the simulation was slightly affected under PEs.Conclusion: This study reveals the effect of PEs on the accuracy of EBV and genetic parameters for carcass traits, which provides valuable information for further study in Korean Hanwoo cattle.

scholarly journals The influence of the beef bull breed on carcass weight and yield of male offspring

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
R. Petraskienė ◽  
N. Peciulaitienė ◽  
V. Jukna ◽  
E. Meskinytė-Kausilienė ◽  
J. Klementaviciūtė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Beef Bull ◽  
The Right

The aim of this study was to investigate of beef breeds - Hereford (HE), Charolais (CH) Limousine (LI), Simmental (SM), Belgian Blue (BB) and Salers (SA) - of the bulls, which are used for dairy cows and heifers insemination, influence on male sex offspring carcass weight and yield. In this article, for analysis were used of all in 7 months in one slaughterhouse slaughtered bulls 12-30 months of age data. Of these 689 crossbreeds, whose cow was dairy and bull was beef breed. For this study was used only crossbreeds (689 bulls) data. This is the thirty-six (36) bull offspring from 546 farms. Bulls were divided into groups according to age during slaughter (12-18 months, 18-24 months, 24-30 months). Studies have shown, that the father's breed at different growth periods had a different effect on carcass traits of crossbreeds. Therefore, the crossbreeding use on purpose to improve dairy breeds offspring carcass characteristics, it is necessary to carefully choose the right breed for crossbreeding, bearing in mind, what age of the offspring will be slaughtered.

scholarly journals Animal Welfare Assessment: Can We Develop a Practical, Time-Limited Assessment Protocol for Pasture-Based Dairy Cows in New Zealand?

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1918
Author(s):  
Sujan Sapkota ◽  
Richard Laven ◽  
Kristina Müller ◽  
Nikki Kells
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Welfare Assessment ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Specific Protocol ◽  
Almost All ◽  
On Farm

Despite being a leading producer and exporter of dairy products, New Zealand has no industry-recognised welfare assessment protocol. A New Zealand-specific protocol is essential, as almost all dairy farms in New Zealand are pasture-based and housing is rarely used. Therefore, protocols developed for intensive cows are not suitable. The aim of this study was to develop a simple yet practical welfare assessment protocol that could be used to assess the welfare of a dairy herd during one visit timed to occur around milking. Six welfare assessment protocols and four studies of dairy cattle welfare assessments that had some focus on dairy cattle welfare at pasture were used, along with the New Zealand Dairy Cattle Code of Welfare, to identify potential assessments for inclusion in the protocol. Eighty-four potential assessments (20 record-based and 64 that needed assessing on-farm) were identified by this process of welfare assessments. After screening to exclude on-farm assessments that were not relevant, that had only limited practical application in pasture-based dairy cows or that required more time than available, 28 on-farm assessments remained, which were put together with the 20 record-based assessments and were tested for feasibility, practicality and time on two pasture-based dairy farms. Assessments were then identified as suitable, suitable after modification or not feasible. Suitable and modified assessments were then included in the final protocol alongside additional measures specific to New Zealand dairy farms. The final protocol included 24 on-farm assessments and eight record-based assessments. Further testing of these 32 assessments is needed on more dairy farms across New Zealand before the protocol can be used to routinely assess the welfare of dairy cows in New Zealand.

A deterministic model for the optimization of dairy cattle breeding based on BLUP breeding value estimates

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. E. Meuwissen
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Variance Reduction ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Testing Scheme

ABSTRACTA deterministic model was developed to examine the optimization of open nucleus breeding schemes in order to maximize the rate of genetic response in dairy cattle. By changing the parameters, the model was able to simulate both a closed nucleus and a progeny testing scheme. The model implicitly optimized the generation interval and the selection across tiers by means of truncation across age classes and tiers respectively. The effects of size of the progeny test group and the nucleus size were assessed by comparing alternative plans. It is possible to optimize a breeding plan given the reproduction rates of the animals, the availability of different sources of information, the age distribution of the animals (survival rates) and the phenotypic and genetic parameters of the trait.The steady state selection response was assessed by calculating the genetic progress year after year until it stabilized. The genetic gain was corrected for the effects of reduced variances due to previous selections and increased variances due to genetic differences between parental age classes.In an example, the model was used to predict the improvement in milk yield in a closed artificial insemination breeding scheme. The genetic gain of a conventional progeny testing scheme was about one-third lower than the genetic gain of the optimized breeding plan. The variance reduction due to selection decreased the steady state genetic gain by a factor 0·3

Genetic relationships between live animal scan traits and carcass traits of Australian Angus bulls and heifers

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1075
Author(s):  
Vinzent Börner ◽  
David J. Johnston ◽  
Hans-Ulrich Graser
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Eye Muscle

Genetic parameters of four ultrasound live-scan traits and five carcass traits of Australian Angus cattle were examined with regard to sex and age of the scanned individuals. Live-scans were subdivided according to whether the observation was obtained from a bull or a heifer. In addition, two age subset (‘young’ and ‘old’) within sex were formed by k-means clustering around two centres within sex according to the age at scanning. REML estimates for heritabilities, genetic, residual and phenotypic correlations for each trait and trait combination were derived from a series of uni-, bi- and tri-variate analysis. Statistically significant age effects could be found for heritablities of scan intra-muscular fat content in heifers and scan fat depth at P8 site and scan rib fat depth in bulls, and for genetic correlations between the scan traits fat depth at P8 site, rib fat depth and eye muscle area. However, differences in heritablities between age sets within sex did not exceed 0.05, and genetic correlations between scan traits of ‘young’ and ‘old’ animals were at least 0.9. Differences between genetic correlations of abattoir carcass traits and ‘young’ and ‘old’ live-scan traits, respectively, were not significant due to high standard errors but up to 0.44. The larger of these differences were found for combinations of scan-traits and non-target carcass traits and not for combination of scan-traits and their actual carcass target traits. Thus, although some results suggest an age effect on the genetic parameters of scan traits, the extent of this effect is of limited impact on breeding value accuracy and genetic gain of scan traits. Furthermore, a possible age effect on correlations to economically important carcass traits need to be underpinned by more carcass traits observations in order to get unambiguous results allowing to draw consequences of scanning younger individuals for accuracy of breeding values and genetic gain in carcass traits.

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