scholarly journals Sire Effects on Carcass of Beef-Cross-Dairy Cattle: A Case Study in New Zealand

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Natalia Martín ◽  
Nicola Schreurs ◽  
Stephen Morris ◽  
Nicolás López-Villalobos ◽  
Julie McDade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Meat Color ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Color Score

There is interest in increasing the carcass value of surplus calves born in the dairy industry that are reared for beef production in New Zealand. This experiment evaluated the carcass of Angus and Hereford sires via progeny testing of beef-cross-dairy offspring grown on hill country pasture. Weight and carcass traits were analyzed from 1015 animals and 1000 carcasses of 73 sires. The mean of the progeny group means was 567 kg for live weight at slaughter, 277 kg for carcass weight, 48.9% for dressing-out, 240.3 cm for carcass length, 73.6 cm2 for eye muscle area, 7.4 mm for rib fat depth, 0.91 for marble score, 3.05 for fat color score, 3.01 for meat color score, and 5.62 for ultimate pH. Sire affected (p < 0.05) carcass size and fat traits, but not fat color, meat color, or ultimate pH (p > 0.05). There was a 46 kg increase in carcass weight between the best and worst sires tested. Carcass fat traits were the most variable among sires. The use of genetically superior beef-breed sires over dairy-breed cows has the potential to increase carcass weights from surplus calves born in the dairy industry, while maintaining adequate fat levels and carcass quality.

scholarly journals Carcass Characteristics of the Libyan Purebred Mahali Goat and their Crosses with Damascus and Morcia Granada Goats

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelkareem E. Ahtash ◽  
Abdulla S. Biala ◽  
Aiad F. Magid ◽  
Hamed M. Marhoun
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Significant Superiority ◽  
Group 1

This study was conducted to evaluate the carcass characteristics of Mahali (M), Damascus (D) and Morcia Granada (G) goats and their crosses. Live weight, carcass weight, dressing-out %, rib eye muscle area, non-carcass components and kidney fat were measured. The results showed significant superiority of Damascus goats in live weight (65.8 kg), carcass weight (34.3 kg), dressing-out %( 52.1%), rib eye muscle areas (22.7 cm²) over the Mahali and Morcia Granada goats. The crossbred group (1/2 M ҳ 1/2 D) was superior in live weight (50 kg), carcass weight (24.2kg), dressing-out %( 48.4%), and rib eye muscle area (21.2cm²) over other crossbreds. The crossbred group (3⁄4D ҳ 1⁄4M) was superior in live weight (61.7kg), carcass weight (31 kg) and rib eye muscle area (21.3cm²) over the other 3⁄4 crossbreds. This study indicated that crossing between Mahali ҳ Damascus breed was beneficial for increasing live weight, carcass weight and meat production. 

scholarly journals Estimated Breeding Values of Beef Sires Can Predict Performance of Beef-Cross-Dairy Progeny

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Martín ◽  
Lucy Coleman ◽  
Nicolás López-Villalobos ◽  
Nicola Schreurs ◽  
Stephen Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Beef Breed

On average, half of the animal’s estimated breeding value (EBV) is passed on to their progeny. However, it is not known how the performance of beef-cross-dairy cattle relates to the EBV of their beef sire. Such information is required to determine the genetic potential of beef sires selected based on existing EBV to be used on dairy cows in New Zealand. This study evaluated the relationship between the EBV of 30 Angus and 34 Hereford sires and the performance of their progeny for birth, growth, and carcass traits, via progeny testing of 975 beef-cross-dairy offspring born to dairy cows and grown on hill country pasture. Overall, BREEDPLAN EBV did predict progeny performance of the beef-cross-dairy cattle from this study. Gestation length and birthweight increased with increasing sire EBV (mean 0.37–0.62days and 0.52–0.64kg, respectively, p&lt;0.05). Age at weaning decreased with increasing sire EBV for liveweight at 200days (0.17–0.21days per extra kilo of sire EBV, p&lt;0.05) but sire EBV for liveweight at 200days had no effect on the liveweight of the progeny at 200days for either breed (p&gt;0.05). Liveweight increased with sire EBV for liveweight at 400, 600, and 800days, by a similar amount for both breeds (between 0.23 and 0.42kg increase in progeny liveweight per extra kilo of sire EBV, p&lt;0.05). The relationships were more inconsistent for carcass traits. For Hereford, carcass weight and eye muscle area increased with increasing sire EBV (0.27kg and 0.70cm2, respectively, p&lt;0.05). For Angus, marble score increased by 0.10 with 1% extra in sire EBV for intramuscular fat (p&lt;0.05). Rib fat depth tended to increase with sire EBV for both breeds (p&lt;0.1). EBV derived from beef-breed data work in dairy-beef systems but maybe slightly less than the expected 0.5units of performance per unit of EBV. New Zealand farmers should consider BREEDPLAN EBV when selecting sires to mate dairy cows or when buying beef-cross-dairy calves for beef production, to ensure the resulting calves are born safely and on time and then grow well to produce carcasses of suitable meat and fat composition.

The area of eye muscle of beef cattle carcasses

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
RM Seebeck
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
The Cross

Variations in the cross-sectional area of eye muscle of carcasses cut between the tenth and eleventh ribs were investigated, using 105 Hereford and 51 Angus steers aged 20 months. These cattle consisted of three groups, born in successive years. At constant carcass weight, statistically significant differences in eye muscle area were found between breeds and between years. Breed and year differences were also found in eye muscle area with width and depth of eye muscle constant, so that there are limitations to the estimation of eye muscle area from width and depth measurements. A nomograph is given for estimating eye muscle area from width and depth for Hereford and Angus cattle, when all animals are reared in the same year and environment. The use of eye muscle area as an indicator of weight of carcass muscle is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of boars own performance on progeny fattening and carcass traits in two different environments

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bahelka ◽  
P. Fľak ◽  
Anna Lukácová
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Progeny Performance

The effect of own performance traits of meat breed boars on fattening and carcass parameters of progeny in two different test stations (Bucany and Nitra) was evaluated. Own performance traits of boars were average daily gain (ADG) from birth to 100 kg live weight, backfat thickness (BF) and lean meat content (LMC) in field conditions. Progeny of boars was housed in pairs (gilt and barrow) and fed standardized feed mixture semi ad libitum. Progeny test lasted from 30 to 100 kg live weight. There were evaluated following parameters: ADG and feed consumption/kg gain (FC) at test from 30 to 100 kg live weight, slaughter weight (SW), proportion of meaty cuts (PMC) proportion of ham (PHAM), eye muscle area (EMA), and BF. At Bucany and Nitra was found the effect of genotype of boars on progeny BF and/or FC respectively. Better tested boars from own performance test individually as well as a group achieved in progeny better fattening and carcass traits than worse tested boars at Bucany (+33 g ADG, -0.21 cm BF, +2.34 % PMC). Progeny performance from better evaluated boars at Nitra did not exceed the progeny performance from worse tested boars. There was found significant effect of dams on progeny performance.

A comparison of Canadian Holstein and British Friesian steers for the production of beef from an 18-month grass/cereal system

1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Cook ◽  
Jennifer M. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Slaughter Age

ABSTRACTThe trial compared 50 purebred Canadian Holstein and 46 British Friesian steers. The cattle were reared on a grass/cereal system designed to achieve an overall target live-weight gain of 0·82 kg per day from weaning to slaughter at 18 months of age. The cattle, born i n September 1973, grazed during the summer of 1974 and were slaughtered out of yards from January to July 1975. Equal numbers of each breed were allocated at random to three slaughter weights (477, 500 and 523 kg live weight). The Meat and Livestock Commission measured and classified all carcasses. In addition, a sample was cut according to commercial specifications. There were no significant differences in slaughter age or live-weight gain between the breeds. A significant difference (P < 0·05) in killing-out percentage was found in favour of the British Friesian as was a small (4%) but highly significant difference (P < 0·001) in carcass gain.The Canadian Holstein carcasses were considerably longer (P < 0·001) with less eye-muscle area (P < 0·001). The British Friesian carcasses contained 0·7% more saleable meat (P < 0·001) and 1% less bone (P < 0·01). There were no significant differences in fat trim. There were large differences in live appearance and carcass classifications, the British Friesians being of superior beef conformation.

Meat yield and subjective muscle scores in medium weight steers

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Perry ◽  
AP Yeates ◽  
WA McKiernan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Medium Weight

The association between visually assessed muscle scores on live steers and their carcasses, eye muscle area, and the yield of saleable and lean meat was determined on 156 steers of mixed breeds (mean carcass weight 282 kg, mean P8 fat depth 13 mm). The contribution of subcutaneous and intermuscular fat to differences in saleable meat yield was also investigated. There was a negative correlation between P8 fat depth and both live ( r = -0.21) and carcass muscle score (r. = -0.31); therefore, the assessors were not scoring fatter steers as having better shape. The correlation between live and carcass muscle scores was 0.79. The correlation between carcass muscle score and eye muscle area was 0.58. When live muscle score, carcass muscle score, or eye muscle area was included in regression models already containing weight and fat depth, there was a significant (P<0.001) increase in the amount of variation in saleable and lean meat yield explained by the models. At the same liveweight and fat depth, a change in live muscle score from C (moderately muscled) to B (well muscled) was accompanied by an increase of 1.7% in saleable meat and 2.2% in lean meat, when these were expressed as a percentage of carcass weight. The equivalent change in carcass muscle score in carcasses of the same weight and f a t depth was accompanied by an increase of 1.9% in saleable meat and 2.4% in lean meat. The increased weight of saleable meat was not due to an increase in the dissected fat content of the meat. Weight of subcutaneous fat decreased as muscle score increased (P<0.01). There was no significant association between the amount of intermuscular fat and either live or carcass muscle score (r. = -0.075 and -0.18, respectively).

Proportionality of organ development in osteodystrophic dwarf beef cattle

1960 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. E. Hafez ◽  
E. H. Rupnow
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Image Position ◽  
And Control ◽  
Dwarf Males

Sixteen osteodystrophic dwarf cattle and ten controls of comparable age were slaughtered. The components of the body and eviscerated carcass were weighed and measured. At birth the dwarfs were thick and blocky. At the time of slaughter a bulging forehead was common but not always extreme and not always present. The symptoms of dwarfism became increasingly pronounced with age, due to retarded growth. The dwarfs had shorter thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, body, loin, hind leg, arm bone and forearm bone than the controls. No explanation can be given for the difference. However, the dwarfs were hydrocephalic and had significantly lighter adrenal and pituitary glands than the control animals. The dwarf animals had more blood, heavier feet, less abdominal fat, smaller loin ‘eye muscle’ area at the 12th rib and a less deep loin ‘eye muscle’. The dwarf females had a lighter rumen (with and without contents) and large intestines (without content) as a percentage of live weight than the controls and dwarf males. There was no difference in palatability of the meat or percentage of wholesale cuts from the dwarf and control animals except for percentage of plate. The following three ratios were disproportionate in the dwarfs as compared with the controls:

Muscle score: its usefulness in describing the potential yield of saleable meat from live steers and their carcasses

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Perry ◽  
WA McKiernan ◽  
AP Yeates
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Residual Standard Deviation

Domestic trade weight steers (149) were assessed visually for subcutaneous fat and then given a live muscle score based on the thickness and convexity of their shape relative to frame size, having adjusted for subcutaneous fat. After slaughter, carcasses were given visually assessed carcass muscle scores based on the same critera. Fat depths at the P8 site and 12-13th eye muscle area were measured. Half of each carcass was boned-out into primal joints with subcutaneous fat trimmed to 6 mm. The weights of these joints plus meat trim (85% visual lean) were added to obtain the weight of saleable meat. The weight of fat trimmed from the carcass, primal joints, and meat trimmings during the bone-out process was added to obtain weight of fat trim. The assessors did not give steers with a greater subcutaneous fat depth better muscle scores when scoring for muscle and intermuscular fat. There was a negative correlation between live muscle score and P8 fat depth (-0.37), and no significant correlation between carcass muscle score and P8 fat depth. The associations between muscle score and yield of saleable meat were investigated using multiple regression techniques, with fat depth and muscle score sequentially added after weight in the model. The coefficient of determination and the residual standard deviation were compared at each stage. For saleable meat yield (kg), liveweight and carcass weight were the main contributors to the variation explained by the models fitted. For saleable meat yield as a percentage of carcass weight, most of the variation accounted for by the models fitted was explained by fat depth, muscle score, and eye muscle area. When added after weight and fat depth in regression models, muscle score significantly increased the coefficient of determination in all cases, with an associated decrease in the residual standard deviation. The effect was strongest for percentage of saleable meat. At the same weight and fat depth, animals or carcasses with better muscle scores produced more saleable meat.

Growth and carcass characteristics of heavy slaughter weight lambs: effects of sire breed and sex of lamb and relationships to serum metabolites and IGF-1

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. G. Wylie ◽  
D. M. B. Chestnutt ◽  
D. J. Kilpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Sire Breed

AbstractTexel (T) and Suffolk (S) sired ram, wether and ewe lambs (no = 180) were kept at grass with their dams until weaned at 20 weeks and then taken to slaughter weights of 40, 44 and 48 kg, also at grass. Sex type, but not sire breed, affected lamb growth rate (rams 293, wethers 253, ewes 224 g/day; P < 0·001). Both T and S ewe lambs were fatter at slaughter in all fat depots compared with their ram and wether siblings such that rams could be slaughtered at a calculated 7·7 kg greater live weight than ewes at equal carcass fat cover. T carcasses were greater than S carcasses in eye-muscle area (793 v. 732 mm2; P < 0·001) and killing-out proportion (481 v. 476 g/kg; P < 0·05) but not in any fat measurement. Slaughter weight influenced killing-out proportion (P < 0·001) and all fat measurements (P < 0·01) but did not significantly affect eye-muscle area.Mean serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations (μig/l), determined during weeks 8,11, 14, 17 and 20 in a balanced subset of 84 lambs, were higher in T than in S lambs (P < 0·05), in singles than in twins (P < 0·01; rams and wethers only) and in rams than in either wethers or ewes (P < 0·001). Mean serum IGF-1 concentration decreased between week 8 and week 20 with a greater rate of decline in singles than in twins (P < 0·001). IGF-1 was more strongly correlated with live weight at 8 weeks (r = 0·629; P< 0·001) than at 20 weeks (r = 0·293; P < 0·05). Mean IGF-1 (weeks 8 to 20) was correlated with rate of live-weight change (r = 0·576; P < 0·001). Significant differences for T and S lambs were found in the relationships between mean serum IGF-1 (weeks 8 to 20) and daily live-weight gain (weeks 8 to 20) and between mean IGF-1 and eye-muscle area at slaughter. Metabolite concentrations differed little between sire breeds and not at all between sex types.

A note on porcine skeletal muscle parameters and their possible use in early progeny testing

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Stickland ◽  
G. Goldspink
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Large White ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Fibre Density ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Fibre Number ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Total Muscle

SUMMARYAn ‘indicator muscle’ (m. flexor digiti V brevis) was removed in its entirety from several Large White and Landrace pigs of varying fat depth (measured over the eye-muscle area). The total muscle fibre number was measured in transverse sections for each muscle. Significant inverse relationships were found between this fibre number and fat depth measurements. These and other results suggest that fibre number is related to lean meat content. Fibre number was also shown to be highly correlated with fibre density and as thinner fibres (i.e. higher fibre density) are associated with more tender meat, fibre number may be associated with quality as well as quantity of meat.

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