Outcome Predictors of Biopsy-Proven Myeloperoxidase-Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Glomerulonephritis

ObjectiveTo determine the prognostic values of histopathologic classification of myeloperoxidase-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis and other clinical and laboratory features at the time of presentation on renal and patient survival associated with myeloperoxidase-ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis (MPO-ANCA-GN).MethodsA total of 112 patients diagnosed with MPO-ANCA-GN from October 2005 to December 2018 were enrolled. The baseline clinical characteristics, renal histopathological data, and risk factors predictive of renal and patient survival were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsAll 112 patients underwent renal biopsy. Disease in 32 patients was classified as focal, 26 as mixed, 29 as crescentic, and 25 as sclerotic. Over a median follow-up period of 41.5 months, there were 44 patients dialysis-dependent. The renal survival rate was significantly higher in the focal group than the other groups (p < 0.001) and significantly lower in the sclerotic group (p < 0.05). In addition, disease histopathologically classified as sclerotic (p = 0.044), high serum creatinine level (≥320 μmol/L, p < 0.001), low albumin (<30 g/L, p = 0.024) and hemoglobin level (<90 g/L, p = 0.044) were associated with a greater risk of ESRD. After follow-up, 70 (62.5%) of 112 patients survived. Old age (≥60 years, p = 0.018) and low serum albumin (<30 g/L, p = 0.006) was significant risk factor for patient survival.ConclusionAmong patients with MPO-ANCA-GN, those with poor renal function, disease histopathologically classified as sclerotic, and lower albumin and hemoglobin levels were risk factors for ESRD, while older age and low serum albumin level were associated with a greater risk for all-cause mortality.

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P0411PREDICTORS OF RENAL AND PATIENT OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC MEMBRANOUS NEPHROPATHY: FROM KOGNET DATA

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p0411 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Ji-Young Choi ◽

Ji Hye Kim ◽

Ga Young Lee ◽

Hee Won Noh ◽

Soojee Jeon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Patient Outcome ◽

Serum Albumin ◽

Serum Albumin Level ◽

Patient Survival ◽

Albumin Level ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Abstract Background and Aims Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN) is a leading cause of nephrotic syndrome and one of the major causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Various factors can affect renal and patient outcome in patients with iMN. In this study, we analyzed the predictors of renal and patient survival in patients with iMN. Method We analyzed 1,776 patients diagnosed with iMN in Korean GlomeruloNEphritis STudy (KoGNET), a retrospective database of patients with renal biopsy from 1979 to 2018 from 18 centers in Korea. Student t-test for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables were performed for analyses. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to determine risk factors affecting renal and patient survival. Results The mean age of patients was 53.0 ± 14.7 years old and 1,075 (60.5%) were male. At the time of renal biopsy, 755 (46.0%) and 266 (16.2%) had hypertension and diabetes, respectively. Serum albumin level was 2.7 ± 0.8 g/dL and 871 (49.0%) had nephrotic range of proteinuria. When analyzed by dividing over 65 and under, the hemoglobin and serum albumin level were lower, more patients showed nephrotic ranged proteinuria, and higher prevalence of comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in the group over 65 than in the group under 65. Median duration of follow-up was 88.0 (38.0 – 115.1) months. Complete or partial remission rates were 48.5%, 63.8%, and 68.0% at 6 months, 12months after biopsy, and last follow-up, respectively. In Cox proportional hazard regression, high hemoglobin [HR 0.66 (0.47 – 0.93), p=0.017], high serum albumin level [HR 0.41 (0.18 – 0.94), p=0.034], and high estimated GFR by CKD-EPI equation [HR 0.94 (0.91 – 0.96), p<0.001] at biopsy were good predictors for renal outcome, whereas presence of cerebrovascular disease at biopsy [HR 6.45 (1.16 – 35.71), p=0.033] were poor prognostic factors for ESRD. Age 65 and older [HR 3.26 (1.53 – 6.95), p=0.002] and presence of hypertension at biopsy [HR 2.45 (1.09 – 5.54), p=0.031] were significant risk factors for patient survival in multivariate Cox proportional regression analysis. Conclusion High hemoglobin and serum albumin, and good renal function at biopsy were good predictors for renal survival. Older age and hypertension at biopsy were poor prognostic factors for patient survival in iMN patients. Prognostic information of outcomes in this study might be helpful to optimize management in iMN patients.

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Risk of Early Mortality in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v126.23.5306.5306 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 126 (23) ◽

pp. 5306-5306

Author(s):

Chia-Jen Liu ◽

Pei Hsu ◽

Ting-Wei Lin ◽

Jyh-Pyng Gau ◽

Liang-Tsai Hsiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Serum Albumin ◽

Serum Calcium ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Significant Risk ◽

High Serum ◽

Early Mortality ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Low Serum

Abstract Background The overall survival of patients with multiple myeloma has been improved greatly over the last two decades with the advances of treatment. Several studies reported that this improvement in survival has been ascribed to the broader use of novel drugs and autologous tandem transplantation. However, there were still a certain portion of myeloma patients died early after diagnosis. We therefore aim to investigate the risk factors of early mortality (death within 60 days after diagnosis) in patients with multiple myeloma. Patients and Methods We included in this study 451 consecutive patients with multiple myeloma, newly diagnosed at an Asian tertiary medical center between January 1, 2002 and April 30, 2015. A total 57 subjects who developed early mortality were identified. Risk factors for early mortality in myeloma patients were collected and analyzed. Results Compared with non-early mortality myeloma patients, early mortality patients had higher probability of being male, primary plasma cell leukemia, low platelet count, low serum albumin, high corrected serum calcium, high serum creatinine, high LDH, high serum β2-microglobulin, poor performance status, and high ISS stage. With multivariate analysis, we found that male (adjusted OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.17-7.31), serum albumin < 3.5g/dl (adjusted OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.17-6.52), corrected serum calcium ≥ 12mg/dl (adjusted OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.47-8.63) and LDH ≥ 250U/L (adjusted OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.62-6.74) were significant risk factors of early mortality. Pneumonia represented as the leading cause of early mortality in myeloma patients (n = 18, 31.5%), followed by renal failure (n = 7, 12.2%). Conclusion Early mortality rate is high (12.6%) in patients with multiple myeloma. Patients of male gender, low serum albumin, high corrected serum calcium and LDH are at risk of early mortality. More than one third myeloma patients (21 out of 57) who developed early mortality are died of infection. Identifying the risk group and providing prompt intervention, such as prophylaxis antibiotics, may reduce the incidence rate of early mortality and improve the life expectancy of myeloma patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Risk Factors and Outcomes of Revision Arthroscopic Posterior Shoulder Capsulolabral Repair in Contact Athletes

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967119s00317 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (7_suppl5) ◽

pp. 2325967119S0031

Author(s):

Justin W. Arner ◽

Sachidhanand Jayakumar ◽

Dharmesh Vyas ◽

James P. Bradley

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Revision Surgery ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Return To Sport ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Return To Play ◽

Bone Width ◽

Posterior Shoulder

Objectives: Risk factors and outcomes of revision arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repairare currently not well defined in contact athletes.Evaluation of risk factors for contact athletes who require revision arthroscopic posterior unidirectional capsulolabral repair is needed. Methods: A total of 186 contact athletes’ shoulders that underwent arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repair at minimum 2 year follow-up were reviewed. Those who required revision surgery were compared with those who did not. Parameters assessed included age, gender, labral and/or capsular injury, level of sport, and return to sport. Glenoid bone width, bone version, labral width, and labral version were also compared. Results: Eleven shoulders required revision surgery (5.9%) at mean 12.0 year follow-up. The only significant risk factor was glenoid bone width (revision=26.4 mm vs. non-revision=29.1 mm, p=0.005). Cartilage version (p=0.676), labral version (p=0.539), and bone version (p=0.791) were not significantly different between groups, nor was labral width (p=0.751). Gender (p=0.326), labral injury (p=0.349), capsule injury (p=0.683), and level of sport (p=0.381) were not significant factors for requiring revision surgery. Both return to sport at the same level (revision=16.7% vs. non-revision=72.1%, p<0.001) and overall return to sport (revision=50% vs. non-revision=93.7%, p<0.001) was significantly worse in the revision group. Of those who had revision surgery, 33.3% stated their original surgery was not worthwhile, which was significantly higher than the 4.5% in the non-revision group (p=0.041). Conclusion: Contact athletes underwent revision arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repair at an incidence of 5.9% at 12 year follow-up. The only significant risk factor for requiring revision surgery was smaller glenoid bone width. Return to play was significantly worse in those who required revision surgery. This data is essential for patient selection, optimal treatment techniques, and patient education as posterior shoulder capsulolabral repair in contact athletes that require revision has not previously been evaluated.

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Natural history of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: probability of and risk factors for aneurysm rupture

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns/2008/108/5/1052 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 108 (5) ◽

pp. 1052-1060 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

Seppo Juvela ◽

Matti Porras ◽

Kristiina Poussa

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Intracranial Aneurysms ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Aneurysm Rupture ◽

Unruptured Aneurysms ◽

Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms ◽

History Of

Object The authors conducted a study to investigate the long-term natural history of unruptured intracranial aneurysms and the predictive risk factors determining subsequent rupture in a patient population in which surgical selection of cases was not performed. Methods One hundred forty-two patients with 181 unruptured aneurysms were followed from the 1950s until death or the occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage or until the years 1997 to 1998. The annual and cumulative incidence of aneurysm rupture as well as several potential risk factors predictive of rupture were studied using life-table analyses and Cox's proportional hazards regression models including time-dependent covariates. The median follow-up time was 19.7 years (range 0.8–38.9 years). During 2575 person-years of follow up, there were 33 first-time episodes of hemorrhage from previously unruptured aneurysms, for an average annual incidence of 1.3%. In 17 patients, hemorrhage led to death. The cumulative rate of bleeding was 10.5% at 10 years, 23% at 20 years, and 30.3% at 30 years after diagnosis. The diameter of the unruptured aneurysm (relative risk [RR] 1.11 per mm in diameter, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1–1.23, p = 0.05) and patient age at diagnosis inversely (RR 0.97 per year, 95% CI 0.93–1, p = 0.05) were significant independent predictors for a subsequent aneurysm rupture after adjustment for sex, hypertension, and aneurysm group. Active smoking status at the time of diagnosis was a significant risk factor for aneurysm rupture (RR 1.46, 95% CI 1.04–2.06, p = 0.033) after adjustment for size of the aneurysm, patient age, sex, presence of hypertension, and aneurysm group. Active smoking status as a time-dependent covariate was an even more significant risk factor for aneurysm rupture (adjusted RR 3.04, 95% CI 1.21–7.66, p = 0.02). Conclusions Cigarette smoking, size of the unruptured intracranial aneurysm, and age, inversely, are important factors determining risk for subsequent aneurysm rupture. The authors conclude that such unruptured aneurysms should be surgically treated regardless of their size and of a patient's smoking status, especially in young and middle-aged adults, if this is technically possible and if the patient's concurrent diseases are not contraindications. Cessation of smoking may also be a good alternative to surgery in older patients with small-sized aneurysms.

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Risk factors for preoperative and postoperative late seizure in supratentorial meningiomas

Romanian Neurosurgery ◽

10.33962/roneuro-2019-053 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 316-321

Author(s):

Rahsan Kemerdere ◽

Mehmet Yigit Akgun ◽

Orkhan Alizada ◽

Sureyya Toklu ◽

Burak Tahmazoglu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Skull Base ◽

Surgical Complications ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Seizure Outcome ◽

Long Term Follow Up

Introduction. Seizure following meningioma surgery is common and management may be challenging. Identifying risk factors may help physicians to initiate optimal medical management. The aim of this study is to report seizure outcome and risk factors for perioperative seizure. Materials and Methods. Sixty-three adult patients who underwent supratentorial meningioma resection were included, and perioperative data and long-term follow-up were provided in this retrospective study. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for perioperative seizure and postoperative late seizure. Results. The results showed that 20 (37.1 %) patients had preoperative seizure and 10 (50 %) patients were seizure free at the long-term follow-up. Absence of headache was associated with preoperative seizure (p=0.002) while presence of early seizure was significant predictor for postoperative late seizure (p=0.03). Although not significant, occurrence of surgical complications (p=0.08) and non-skull base location (p=0.06) tended toward being a significant risk factor for postoperative late seizure. Conclusion. Presence of early seizures, surgical complications and locations out of skull base may direct postoperative anti-epileptic treatment to decrease seizure incidence which, indeed, increases quality of life for patients with meningioma.

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Definitions and Risk Factors for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in an Adult Cohort

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2021.777888 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Alyssa Denton ◽

Lilian Thorpe ◽

Alexandra Carter ◽

Adriana Angarita-Fonseca ◽

Karen Waterhouse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Age Group ◽

Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽

New Diagnosis

Background: Less than one-third of people with epilepsy will develop drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Establishing the prognosis of each unique epilepsy case is an important part of evaluation and treatment.Most studies on DRE prognosis have been based on a pooled, heterogeneous group, including children, adults, and older adults, in the absence of clear recognition and control of important confounders, such as age group. Furthermore, previous studies were done before the 2010 definition of DRE by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), so data based on the current definitions have not been entirely elucidated. This study aimed to explore the difference between 3 definitions of DRE and clinical predictors of DRE in adults and older adults.Methods: Patients with a new diagnosis of epilepsy ascertained at a Single Seizure Clinic (SSC) in Saskatchewan, Canada were included if they had at least 1 year of follow-up. The first study outcome was the diagnosis of DRE epilepsy at follow-up using the 2010 ILAE definition. This was compared with 2 alternative definitions of DRE by Kwan and Brodie and Camfield and Camfield. Finally, risk factors were analyzed using the ILAE definition.Results: In total, 95 patients with a new diagnosis of epilepsy and a median follow-up of 24 months were included. The median age of patients at the diagnosis of epilepsy was 33 years, and 51% were men. In the cohort, 32% of patients were diagnosed with DRE by the Kwan and Brodie definition, 10% by Camfield and Camfield definition, and 15% by the ILAE definition by the end of follow-up. The only statistically significant risk factor for DRE development was the failure to respond to the first anti-seizure medication (ASM).Conclusion: There were important differences in the percentage of patients diagnosed with DRE when using 3 concurrent definitions. However, the use of the ILAE definition appeared to be the most consistent through an extended follow-up. Finally, failure to respond to the first ASM was the sole significant risk factor for DRE in the cohort after considering the age group.

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Dose-volumetric Predictors for Thyroid Dysfunction after 3D Conformal Radiotherapy: An Observational, Prospective Study

Journal of Cancer and Tumor International ◽

10.9734/jcti/2019/v9i430116 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

M. Al-Jamal ◽

A. Abd Elnaby ◽

A. El-Badrawy ◽

H. M. H. R. Elkalla ◽

R. Omar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Conformal Radiotherapy ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

University Hospital ◽

Radiation Induced ◽

One Year ◽

Positive Results

Aim: This study was conducted to assess the dose-volumetric threshold of radiation induced hypothyroidism (RIHT) in patients receiving radiotherapy (RT) to the neck. Study Design: This is a prospective cohort observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted at Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt, between April 2016 until March 2019. Methods: We have completed 2 years of follow up to 50 patients with different malignancies who were treated by radiotherapy to the neck. Baseline assessment of the thyroid clinically and radiologically was done prior to the start of radiotherapy. Periodic testing of the cohort through the follow up period was done by clinical examination, measurement of TSH, fT4 and thyroid ultrasonography. Results: the incidence of RIHT was 26%. No statistical significance for the clinical risk factors. The dose-volumetric risk factors were studied and showed positive results. A mean dose of 5185 cGy was found a significant risk factor. Also, V40 ≥ 89%, V45 ≥ 63.5%, V50 ≥ 22.5% were found to be the cutoff predictors for the threshold radiation dose to induce hypothyroidism. Also decreasing the size of the gland by ≥0.7 cm3, fT4 value by ≥ 3.5 pmol/L and TSH by ≥ 0.75 uIU/L after one year from the end of EBRT is the cutoff value for prediction of occurrence of RIHT within the 2nd year of follow up. Conclusion: RIHT is a considerable late adverse effect for patients receiving RT to the neck. Mean dose, V40, V45 and V50 were found significantly related to RIHT. Mean dose of ≥ 5185 cGy, V40 ≥ 89%, V45 ≥ 63.5%, V50≥ 22.5% were proven to be the dose-volumetric threshold.

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Serum Albumin Levels in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Role as a Predictor of Outcome

Indian Journal of Neurotrauma ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1698714 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (01) ◽

pp. 24-27

Author(s):

Raghavendra Nayak ◽

Nitin Jagdhane ◽

Sanjeev Attry ◽

Samarendranath Ghosh

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Serum Albumin ◽

Severe Head Injury ◽

Serum Albumin Level ◽

Albumin Level ◽

Normal Serum ◽

Severe Tbi ◽

The Mean ◽

Low Serum

Abstract Background Serum albumin has long been considered as an outcome marker in various critical illnesses. The aim of our study is to ascertain the role of serum albumin as a predictor of outcome in severe head injury patients. Materials and Methods This is a prospective observational study of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Depending on the serum albumin level at admission, patients were dichotomized into two groups: one with normal serum albumin and other with hypoalbuminemia. Their outcomes at 6-month follow-up were assessed by the modified Glasgow Outcome Score. Result Eighty patients (57 males and 23 females) with severe TBI were included in the study. The mean age of the study patients was 39.6 + 13.1 years and the mean serum albumin level at admission was 3.7 + 1.2 g/dL with lowest being 2.2 mmol/L and highest being 6.1 mmol/L. Thirty-four patients (42.5%) had low serum albumin level (< 3.5 g/dL) at admission. At 6-month follow-up, 58 (72.5%) patients had a good neurological outcome and 22 (27.5%) had a poor outcome. The group with normal serum albumin levels showed a significantly better outcome compared with the hypoalbuminemia group (p = 0.01). On multiple regression analysis, low serum albumin emerged as the only predictor of the poor outcome in severe head injury patients. Conclusion Serum albumin at admission is an independent predictor of outcome in severe TBI patients. Larger prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.

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Risk Factors for Incident Myopia among Teenaged Students of the Experimental Class of the Air Force in China

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2019/3096152 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lin-song Qi ◽

Lu Yao ◽

Xue-feng Wang ◽

Jiu-mei Shi ◽

Yong Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Air Force ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Work Time ◽

Related Risk ◽

Refractive Change ◽

Near Work

Background. In recent decades, the prevalence rate of myopia has markedly increased, especially among teenagers. Our purpose was to determine the incidence of myopia and identify the related risk factors among schoolchildren in the experimental classes of the Air Force in China. Methods. In May 2015, this 3-year prospective cohort study enrolled 522 boys (age, 14–16 years) attending grade 10 in 16 high schools in 15 cities in China. Cycloplegic refraction was examined using retinoscopy in both eyes at the baseline and follow-up (3 years). A detailed questionnaire was completed by the students at the 3-year follow-up and included questions on parental myopia and on the total time spent doing near work and outdoor activities each week. Results. The incidence of myopia at the 3-year follow-up was 27.01% (141/522, 95% confidence interval (CI): 23.38% to 30.98%). The refractive change was −0.46 D (95% CI: −0.49 to −0.42 D). More hyperopic or less myopic baseline refraction, outdoor activity time per week ≥14 h (odds ratio (OR) = 0.464, 95% CI: 0.227 to 0.950), and reading/writing distance ≥ 30 cm (OR = 0.505, 95% CI: 0.270 to 0.944) were significant protective factors against incident myopia. Near-work time ≥28 h per week was a significant risk factor (OR = 2.579, 95% CI: 1.314 to 5.061). Parental myopia, age at the start of primary school, continuous reading/writing for ≥1 h, sleep duration per week <49 h, and one or more dietary biases were not significant risk factors (P>0.05). Conclusion. A more hyperopic baseline refraction, more time spent outdoors, and longer writing/reading distance were protected against myopia onset, while more near-work time was a risk factor.

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Is low serum albumin associated with postoperative bronchopleural fistula in patients undergoing pulmonary resections?

Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery ◽

10.1093/icvts/ivz084 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 291-294

Author(s):

Wenbiao Zhang ◽

Shuangjiang Li ◽

Longqi Chen ◽

Qinghua Zhou

Keyword(s):

Serum Albumin ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Bronchopleural Fistula ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Clinical Question ◽

Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽

Study Type ◽

Low Serum

Abstract A best evidence topic in thoracic surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether low serum albumin (sAlb) was associated with postoperative bronchopleural fistula (BPF) in patients undergoing pulmonary resections. Altogether 660 papers were found using the reported search, of which 5 retrospective cohort studies represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. Four of the 5 cohort studies showed that the preoperative sAlb level in patients who experience a BPF was significantly lower than that in patients who did not experience a BPF. One of the 5 studies also reported that the incidence of BPF in patients with a lower sAlb (13.6%) was found to be significantly higher than that in patients with a higher sAlb (7.0%). The level of hypoalbuminaemia is not defined, but it may be <3.5 g/dl. This cut-off value of sAlb is assumed from the currently available retrospective data. No prospective study has been reported to address this issue. In summary, low preoperative sAlb can serve as a significant risk factor for postoperative BPF in patients undergoing pulmonary resections.

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