scholarly journals Polluted Air Exposure Compromises Corneal Immunity and Exacerbates Inflammation in Acute Herpes Simplex Keratitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor G. Sendra ◽  
Julia Tau ◽  
Gustavo Zapata ◽  
Romina M. Lasagni Vitar ◽  
Eduardo Illian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Herpes Simplex Keratitis ◽  
Hsv 1

Air pollution is a serious environmental issue worldwide in developing countries’ megacities, affecting the population’s health, including the ocular surface, by predisposing or exacerbating other ocular diseases. Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The primary or recurring infection in the ocular site causes progressive corneal scarring that may result in visual impairment. The present study was designed to study the immunopathological changes of acute HSK under urban polluted air, using the acute HSK model combined with an experimental urban polluted air exposure from Buenos Aires City. We evaluated the corneal clinical outcomes, viral DNA and pro-inflammatory cytokines by RT-PCR and ELISA assays, respectively. Then, we determined the innate and adaptive immune responses in both cornea and local lymph nodes after HSV-1 corneal by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Our results showed that mice exposed to polluted air develop a severe form of HSK with increased corneal opacity, neovascularization, HSV-1 DNA and production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and CCL2. A high number of corneal resident immune cells, including activated dendritic cells, was observed in mice exposed to polluted air; with a further significant influx of bone marrow-derived cells including GR1+ cells (neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes), CD11c+ cells (dendritic cells), and CD3+ (T cells) during acute corneal HSK. Moreover, mice exposed to polluted air showed a predominant Th1 type T cell response over Tregs in local lymph nodes during acute HSK with decreased corneal Tregs. These findings provide strong evidence that urban polluted air might trigger a local imbalance of innate and adaptive immune responses that exacerbate HSK severity. Taking this study into account, urban air pollution should be considered a key factor in developing ocular inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Age-Related Impairment of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses Following Intranasal Herpes Simplex Infection

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Srivastava ◽  
Anshu Agrawal ◽  
Hawa Vahed ◽  
Lbachir BenMohamed
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Herpes Infection ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Hsv 1

Immune function declines with age, leading to an increased vulnerability to respiratory viral infections. The mechanisms by which aging negatively impacts the innate and adaptive immune system leading to enhanced susceptibility to infections remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, we used a mouse model of intranasal infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), a virus that can enter the lungs through the nasal route causing pneumonia, a serious health concern in the elderly. Following intranasal inoculation of young (6 weeks), adult (36 weeks), and aged (68 weeks) with HSV-1 (KOS strain) we: (i) compared the local and systemic innate and adaptive immune response to infection; and (ii) correlated the level and type of immune response to protection against HSV-1 infection. Compared to young and adult mice, aged mice displayed: (i) increased basal level activation of epithelial cells with a decreased expression of TLR3; (ii) increased activation of dendritic cells with increased expression of MHC-1, MHC-II and CD80/86; and (iii) decreased production of type-I interferons upon stimulation; (iv) a delay in cytokines and chemokines production in the lungs; and (v) an impairment in function (CD107 and IFN-g production) of HSV-specific CD8+ T cells. These impairment in innate and adaptive immune responses in aged mice following intranasal HSV-1 inoculation was associated with symptomatic herpes infection. The findings suggest an age-related impairment of both innate and adaptive immune responses which may exacerbate herpes infection and disease in the elderly.

scholarly journals CD8+lineage dendritic cells determine adaptive immune responses to inflammasome activation upon sterile skin injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rituparna Chakraborty ◽  
Janin Chandra ◽  
Shuai Cui ◽  
Lynn Tolley ◽  
Matthew A. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Skin Injury ◽  
Adaptive Immune

scholarly journals Dendritic Cells in Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses against Influenza Virus

Viruses ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1022-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Summerfield ◽  
Kenneth McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune

scholarly journals Dendritic Cells/Macrophages-Targeting Feature of Ebola Glycoprotein and its Potential as Immunological Facilitator for Antiviral Vaccine Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 402
Author(s):  
Titus Abiola Olukitibi ◽  
Zhujun Ao ◽  
Mona Mahmoudi ◽  
Gary A. Kobinger ◽  
Xiaojian Yao
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Immunological Approach ◽  
Vaccine Approach ◽  
Acquired Immune Responses ◽  
Diverse Virus

In the prevention of epidemic and pandemic viral infection, the use of the antiviral vaccine has been the most successful biotechnological and biomedical approach. In recent times, vaccine development studies have focused on recruiting and targeting immunogens to dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages to induce innate and adaptive immune responses. Interestingly, Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) has a strong binding affinity with DCs and macrophages. Shreds of evidence have also shown that the interaction between EBOV GP with DCs and macrophages leads to massive recruitment of DCs and macrophages capable of regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, studies for the development of vaccine can utilize the affinity between EBOV GP and DCs/macrophages as a novel immunological approach to induce both innate and acquired immune responses. In this review, we will discuss the unique features of EBOV GP to target the DC, and its potential to elicit strong immune responses while targeting DCs/macrophages. This review hopes to suggest and stimulate thoughts of developing a stronger and effective DC-targeting vaccine for diverse virus infection using EBOV GP.

A fast-dissolving microneedle array loaded with chitosan nanoparticles to evoke systemic immune responses in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilin Li ◽  
Yingju He ◽  
Li Deng ◽  
Zhi-Rong Zhang ◽  
Yunzhu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Microneedle Array ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune

Schematic illustration of fast-dissolving microneedle (MN) arrays loaded with chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) to achieve lymph nodes (LNs) targeted delivery of antigens and adjuvants to induce adaptive immune responses.

scholarly journals Crosstalk between Dendritic Cells and Immune Modulatory Agents against Sepsis

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoying Wang ◽  
Xianghui Li ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Abualgasim Elgaili Abdalla ◽  
Tieshan Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Th2 Responses ◽  
Novel Strategy

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in the immune system which sense pathogens and present their antigens to prime the adaptive immune responses. As the progression of sepsis occurs, DCs are capable of orchestrating the aberrant innate immune response by sustaining the Th1/Th2 responses that are essential for host survival. Hence, an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of DCs would have a beneficial effect in overcoming the obstacle occurring in sepsis. This paper focuses on the role of DCs in the progression of sepsis and we also discuss the reverse sepsis-induced immunosuppression through manipulating the DC function. In addition, we highlight some potent immunotherapies that could be used as a novel strategy in the early treatment of sepsis.

scholarly journals Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Herpes Simplex Virus

Viruses ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 979-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Chew ◽  
Kathryne Taylor ◽  
Karen Mossman
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Simplex Virus
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