Dendritic Cells/Macrophages-Targeting Feature of Ebola Glycoprotein and its Potential as Immunological Facilitator for Antiviral Vaccine Approach

In the prevention of epidemic and pandemic viral infection, the use of the antiviral vaccine has been the most successful biotechnological and biomedical approach. In recent times, vaccine development studies have focused on recruiting and targeting immunogens to dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages to induce innate and adaptive immune responses. Interestingly, Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) has a strong binding affinity with DCs and macrophages. Shreds of evidence have also shown that the interaction between EBOV GP with DCs and macrophages leads to massive recruitment of DCs and macrophages capable of regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, studies for the development of vaccine can utilize the affinity between EBOV GP and DCs/macrophages as a novel immunological approach to induce both innate and acquired immune responses. In this review, we will discuss the unique features of EBOV GP to target the DC, and its potential to elicit strong immune responses while targeting DCs/macrophages. This review hopes to suggest and stimulate thoughts of developing a stronger and effective DC-targeting vaccine for diverse virus infection using EBOV GP.

Download Full-text

CD8+lineage dendritic cells determine adaptive immune responses to inflammasome activation upon sterile skin injury

Experimental Dermatology ◽

10.1111/exd.13436 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 71-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rituparna Chakraborty ◽

Janin Chandra ◽

Shuai Cui ◽

Lynn Tolley ◽

Matthew A. Cooper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cells ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Inflammasome Activation ◽

Adaptive Immune Responses ◽

Skin Injury ◽

Adaptive Immune

Download Full-text

Dendritic Cells in Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses against Influenza Virus

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v1031022 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 1022-1034 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Artur Summerfield ◽

Kenneth McCullough

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cells ◽

Influenza Virus ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Adaptive Immune Responses ◽

Adaptive Immune

Download Full-text

Lessons from Bacillus Calmette-Guérin: Harnessing Trained Immunity for Vaccine Development

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9092109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 2109

Author(s):

Samuel T. Pasco ◽

Juan Anguita

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Vaccine Design ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽

Adaptive Immune Responses ◽

Trained Immunity ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Potential Methods

Vaccine design traditionally focuses on inducing adaptive immune responses against a sole target pathogen. Considering that many microbes evade innate immune mechanisms to initiate infection, and in light of the discovery of epigenetically mediated innate immune training, the paradigm of vaccine design has the potential to change. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine induces some level of protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) while stimulating trained immunity that correlates with lower mortality and increased protection against unrelated pathogens. This review will explore BCG-induced trained immunity, including the required pathways to establish this phenotype. Additionally, potential methods to improve or expand BCG trained immunity effects through alternative vaccine delivery and formulation methods will be discussed. Finally, advances in new anti-Mtb vaccines, other antimicrobial uses for BCG, and “innate memory-based vaccines” will be examined.

Download Full-text

Integrated time-serial transcriptome networks reveal common innate and tissue-specific adaptive immune responses to PRRSV infection

Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s13567-020-00850-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Byeonghwi Lim ◽

Sangwook Kim ◽

Kyu-Sang Lim ◽

Chang-Gi Jeong ◽

Seung-Chai Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Influenza A ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Specific Group ◽

Adaptive Immune Responses ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Gene Expression Control

Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection is the most important viral disease causing severe economic losses in the swine industry. However, mechanisms underlying gene expression control in immunity-responsible tissues at different time points during PRRSV infection are poorly understood. We constructed an integrated gene co-expression network and identified tissue- and time-dependent biological mechanisms of PRRSV infection through bioinformatics analysis using three tissues (lungs, bronchial lymph nodes [BLNs], and tonsils) via RNA-Seq. Three groups with specific expression patterns (i.e., the 3-dpi, lung, and BLN groups) were discovered. The 3 dpi-specific group showed antiviral and innate-immune signalling similar to the case for influenza A infection. Moreover, we observed adaptive immune responses in the lung-specific group based on various cytokines, while the BLN-specific group showed down-regulated AMPK signalling related to viral replication. Our study may provide comprehensive insights into PRRSV infection, as well as useful information for vaccine development.

Download Full-text

Toxic adjuvants alter the function and phenotype of dendritic cells to initiate adaptive immune responses induced by oralHelicobacter pylorivaccines

Helicobacter ◽

10.1111/hel.12536 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Shuanghui Luo ◽

Wei Liu ◽

Zhiqin Zeng ◽

Feng Ye ◽

Chupeng Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cells ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Adaptive Immune Responses ◽

Adaptive Immune

Download Full-text

Crosstalk between Dendritic Cells and Immune Modulatory Agents against Sepsis

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes11030323 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 323 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guoying Wang ◽

Xianghui Li ◽

Lei Zhang ◽

Abualgasim Elgaili Abdalla ◽

Tieshan Teng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Dendritic Cells ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Critical Role ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Adaptive Immune Responses ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Th2 Responses ◽

Novel Strategy

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in the immune system which sense pathogens and present their antigens to prime the adaptive immune responses. As the progression of sepsis occurs, DCs are capable of orchestrating the aberrant innate immune response by sustaining the Th1/Th2 responses that are essential for host survival. Hence, an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of DCs would have a beneficial effect in overcoming the obstacle occurring in sepsis. This paper focuses on the role of DCs in the progression of sepsis and we also discuss the reverse sepsis-induced immunosuppression through manipulating the DC function. In addition, we highlight some potent immunotherapies that could be used as a novel strategy in the early treatment of sepsis.

Download Full-text

Dendritic cells and C‐type lectin receptors: coupling innate to adaptive immune responses

Immunology and Cell Biology ◽

10.1038/icb.2008.55 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 86 (7) ◽

pp. 580-587 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

Sandra J Vliet ◽

Juan J García‐Vallejo ◽

Yvette Kooyk

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cells ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Adaptive Immune Responses ◽

Lectin Receptors ◽

Adaptive Immune

Download Full-text

Novel Concepts for HIV Vaccine Vector Design

mSphere ◽

10.1128/msphere.00415-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Quazim A. Alayo ◽

Nicholas M. Provine ◽

Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Viral Vectors ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Viral Vector ◽

Intracellular Pathogens ◽

Adaptive Immune Responses ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Robust Adaptive ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACT The unprecedented challenges of developing effective vaccines against intracellular pathogens such as HIV, malaria, and tuberculosis have resulted in more rational approaches to vaccine development. Apart from the recent advances in the design and selection of improved epitopes and adjuvants, there are also ongoing efforts to optimize delivery platforms. The unprecedented challenges of developing effective vaccines against intracellular pathogens such as HIV, malaria, and tuberculosis have resulted in more rational approaches to vaccine development. Apart from the recent advances in the design and selection of improved epitopes and adjuvants, there are also ongoing efforts to optimize delivery platforms. Viral vectors are the best-characterized delivery tools because of their intrinsic adjuvant capability, unique cellular tropism, and ability to trigger robust adaptive immune responses. However, a known limitation of viral vectors is preexisting immunity, and ongoing efforts are aimed at developing novel vector platforms with lower seroprevalence. It is also becoming increasingly clear that different vectors, even those derived from phylogenetically similar viruses, can elicit substantially distinct immune responses, in terms of quantity, quality, and location, which can ultimately affect immune protection. This review provides a summary of the status of viral vector development for HIV vaccines, with a particular focus on novel viral vectors and the types of adaptive immune responses that they induce.

Download Full-text