scholarly journals Genetic Structure of the Goniopora lobata and G. djiboutiensis Species Complex Is Better Explained by Oceanography Than by Morphological Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Yasuda ◽  
Yuko F. Kitano ◽  
Hiroki Taninaka ◽  
Satoshi Nagai ◽  
Takuma Mezaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Larval Transport ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Ryukyu Island ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Japanese Regions ◽  
Genetic Break

Species delimitation of closely related corals is often challenging due to high intraspecies morphological variation and phenotypic plasticity with a lack of characteristic features and scarcity of relevant molecular markers. Goniopora spp. are one such coralline group, and the species status of Goniopora lobata and Goniopora djiboutiensis, an Indian and Pacific Ocean hermatypic coral species complex, has been questioned on the basis of previous molecular and morphological analyses. To further examine the species boundaries between G. lobata and G. djiboutiensis in Japan, specimens collected from areas spanning from Ryukyu Island to temperate Japanese regions were morphologically identified based on traditional morphological descriptions. Then, the genetic structure of the G. lobata and G. djiboutiensis species complex was examined using six newly developed microsatellite markers. The majority of the collected specimens had intermediate morphologies, and a STRUCTURE analysis using the LOCPRIOR model based on typical G. lobata and G. djiboutiensis morphology indicated that there were no genetic differences between these morphologies. On the other hand, STRUCTURE analysis based on oceanographic regions revealed that there was a genetic break between the temperate and subtropical regions. This weak genetic break corresponded with the Kuroshio-associated barrier, which prevents larval transport between subtropical and temperate regions. This study confirms that the current morphological identification criteria for G. lobata and G. djiboutiensis do not match the existing genetic boundaries and thus the two should be regarded as a species complex. This study also highlighted the robustness of using a multi-locus population genetic approach, including a geographic context, to confirm the species boundaries of closely related species.

scholarly journals First Report of Stem Rot of Papaya Caused by Fusarium solani Species Complex in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Correia ◽  
B. O. Souza ◽  
M. P. S. Câmara ◽  
S. J. Michereff
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
First Report

In October 2010, 2-year-old papaya (cv. Hawaii) trees with high incidence of stem rot were observed during a survey conducted in Rio Grande do Norte state, northeastern Brazil. Stems showing reddish brown-to-dark brown symptoms were collected and small pieces (4 to 5 mm) of necrotic tissues were surface sterilized for 1 min in 1.5% NaOCl, washed twice with sterile distilled water, and plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 0.5 g liter–1 streptomycin sulfate. Plates were incubated at 25°C with a 12-h photopheriod for 4 days. Pure cultures with white, fluffy aerial mycelia were obtained by subculturing hyphal tips onto PDA. Identification was made using morphological characteristics and DNA based molecular techniques. Colonies grown on PDA and Spezieller Nährstoffarmer agar (SNA) for 10 days at 25°C with a 12-h photoperiod were used for morphological identification (3). The fungus produced cream sporodochia and two types of spores: microconidia were thin-walled, hyaline, ovoid, one-celled, and 6.8 to 14.6 × 2.3 to 4.2 μm; macroconidia were thick walled, hyaline, slightly curved, 3- to 5-celled, and 25.8 to 53.1 × 3.9 to 5.7 μm. Fifty spores of each type were measured. Rounded, thick-walled chlamydospores were produced, with two to four arranged together. On the basis of morphological characteristics (1), three fungal isolates (CMM-3825, CMM-3826, and CMM-3827) were identified as Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. and were deposited in the Culture Collection of Phytopathogenic Fungi of the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (Recife, Brazil). Single-spore isolates were obtained and genomic DNA of the isolates was extracted and a portion of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) gene of the isolates was amplified and sequenced (2). When compared with sequences available in the GenBank and Fusarium-ID databases, DNA sequences of the three isolates shared 99 to 100% sequence identity with F. solani species complex (GenBank Accession Nos. JF740784.1, DQ247523.1, and DQ247017.1). Representative sequences of the isolates were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. JQ808499, JQ808500, and JQ808501). Pathogenicity tests were conducted with four isolates on 3-month-old papaya (cv. Hawaii) seedlings. Mycelial plugs taken from the margin of actively growing colonies (PDA) of each isolate were applied in shallow wounds (0.4 cm in diameter) on the stem (center) of each plant. Inoculation wounds were wrapped with Parafilm. Control seedlings received sterile PDA plugs. Inoculated and control seedlings (10 each) were kept in a greenhouse at 25 to 30°C. After 2 weeks, all inoculated seedlings showed reddish brown necrotic lesions in the stems. No symptoms were observed in the control plants. The pathogen was successfully reisolated from symptomatic plants to fulfill Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. solani species complex causing papaya stem rot in Brazil. Papaya is an important fruit crop in the northeastern Brazil and the occurrence of this disease needs to be taken into account in papaya production. References: (1) C. Booth. Fusarium Laboratory Guide to the Identification of the Major Species. CMI, Kew, England, 1977. (2) D. M. Geiser et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:473, 2004. (3) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, IA, 2006.

scholarly journals Retraction: Population genetic structure analysis of Sclerotina sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary from different host plant species in northern Iran. Hossein B, Seyed AD, Seyed AR. Arch Biol Sci. 2013;65(1)171-81. DOI:10.2298/ABS1301171B

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-689
Author(s):  
E Editorial
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Host Plant Species

The article: Population genetic structure analysis of Sclerotina sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary from different host plant species in northern Iran. Hossein B, Seyed AD, Seyed AR. Arch Biol Sci. 2013;65(1) 171-81. DOI:10.2298/ABS1301171B, repeats data already published in: Genetic and morphological diversities in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates in northern parts of Iran. Barari H, Alavi V, Badalyan SM. World App Sci J. 2010;8(3)326-33, and published in: Study of genetic variations based on the morphological characteristics, within the population of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from the major oilseed planting areas in Iran. Barari H, Alavi V. Int J Biol. 2011;3(2)61-6, without any referencing. <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ABS1301171B">10.2298/ABS1301171B</a></b></u>

scholarly journals Population Genetic Structure Analysis Reveals Decreased but Moderate Diversity for the Oriental Fire-Bellied Toad Introduced to Beijing after 90 Years of Independent Evolution

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1429
Author(s):  
Yang Teng ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Guofen Zhu ◽  
Fuli Gao ◽  
Yingying Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Independent Evolution ◽  
Loop Region

Detailed molecular genetic research on amphibian populations has a significant role in understanding the genetic adaptability to local environments. The oriental fire-bellied toads (Bombina orientalis) were artificially introduced to Beijing from Shandong Province in 1927, and since then, this separated population went through an independent evolution. To explore the differentiation of the introduced population with its original population, this study analyzed the genetic structure of the oriental fire-bellied toad, based on the mitochondrial genome control region and six microsatellite sites. The results showed that the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of the mitochondrial D-loop region partial sequences of the Beijing Botanical Garden population and the Baiwangshan population were lower than those of the Shangdong Kunyushan population. Microsatellite marker analysis also showed that the observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity of the Beijing populations were lower than those of the Kunyushan population. The phylogenetic trees and network diagrams of haplotypes indicated that the three populations were not genetically separated. However, the structure analysis showed a genetic differentiation and categorized the sampling individuals into Beijing and Shandong genetic clusters, which indicated a tendency for isolated evolution in the Beijing population. Although the Beijing populations showed a decline in genetic diversity, it was still at a moderate level, which could maintain the survival of the population. Thus, there is no need to reintroduce new individuals from the Kunyushan source population.

scholarly journals Genetic Structure Analysis of Three Hispanic Populations from Costa Rica, Mexico, and the Southwestern United States Using Y-Chromosome STR Markers and mtDNA Sequences

Human Biology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca. Campos-Sánchez ◽  
Ramiro. Barrantes ◽  
Sandra Honorato da. Silva ◽  
Michael. Escamilla ◽  
Alfonso. Ontiveros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Southwestern United States ◽  
Mtdna Sequences ◽  
Str Markers ◽  
Hispanic Populations ◽  
Y Chromosome Str

scholarly journals Some larval morphological characteristics of Camelostrongylus mentulatus and Nematodirus spathiger

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
A. Saidi ◽  
R. Mimouni ◽  
F. Hamadi ◽  
W. Oubrou
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Morphological Pattern ◽  
Wild Ruminants ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
Camelostrongylus Mentulatus

Monitoring of gastrointestinal nematode parasites in ruminants (domestic and wild) is often based on fecal examination techniques, looking for excreted eggs and larval forms using morphological keys. These, are more available in domestic ruminants, in which helminths are widely studied, than in wild ruminants.  This study tried to provide certain morphological elements that will help to recognize the L3 larvae of Camelostrongylus mentulatus and Nematodirus spathiger that could parasite either domestic or wild ruminants. For that, we resorted first to the culture of L3 larvae from fecal samples taken from African antelopes, and second by the microscopic characterization of each isolated larval morphological pattern previously identified by sequencing of its internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) regions of the ribosomal DNA. The results of different microscopic captured images showed that Camelostrongylus mentulatus larva is 16 intestinal cells that measuring approximately 820 µm length, ‎≈ 25 µm wide, and ‎≈ 47 µm for its sheath tail extension and by this be closer to Teladorsagia circumcincta characteristics.  For Nematodirus spathiger, it possesses 8 gut cells and measuring about 1020 µm long, ‎≈ 25 µm wide, and‎ ≈ 143 µm for its sheath tail extension with specific tail appendages. Have done this, we were able to get some clarifications on the morphology of the studied larvae, and we believe thus that this study will contribute to the establishment of morphological identification keys especially for parasitic nematodes of wild ruminants.

scholarly journals Current Classification and Diversity of Fusarium Species Complex, the Causal Pathogen of Fusarium Wilt Disease of Banana in Malaysia

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1955
Author(s):  
Anysia Hedy Ujat ◽  
Ganesan Vadamalai ◽  
Yukako Hattori ◽  
Chiharu Nakashima ◽  
Clement Kiing Fook Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum Species Complex

The re-emergence of the Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium odoratissimum (F. odoratissimum) causes global banana production loss. Thirty-eight isolates of Fusarium species (Fusarium spp.) were examined for morphological characteristics on different media, showing the typical Fusarium spp. The phylogenetic trees of Fusarium isolates were generated using the sequences of histone gene (H3) and translation elongation factor gene (TEF-1α). Specific primers were used to confirm the presence of F. odoratissimum. The phylogenetic trees showed the rich diversity of the genus Fusarium related to Fusarium wilt, which consists of F. odoratissimum, Fusarium grosmichelii, Fusarium sacchari, and an unknown species of the Fusarium oxysporum species complex. By using Foc-TR4 specific primers, 27 isolates were confirmed as F. odoratissimum. A pathogenicity test was conducted for 30 days on five different local cultivars including, Musa acuminata (AAA, AA) and Musa paradisiaca (AAB, ABB). Although foliar symptoms showed different severity of those disease progression, vascular symptoms of the inoculated plantlet showed that infection was uniformly severe. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Fusarium oxysporum species complex related to Fusarium wilt of banana in Malaysia is rich in diversity, and F. odoratissimum has pathogenicity to local banana cultivars in Malaysia regardless of the genotype of the banana plants.

scholarly journals First Report of Phytophthora hydropathica Causing Wilting and Shoot Dieback on Viburnum in Italy

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1582-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vitale ◽  
L. Luongo ◽  
M. Galli ◽  
A. Belisario
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
The United States ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Phytophthora Species ◽  
Phytophthora Ramorum ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
First Report

The genus Viburnum comprises over 150 species of shrubs and small trees such as Laurustinus (Viburnum tinus L.), which is one of the most widely used ornamental plants in private and public gardens. Furthermore, it commonly forms stands of natural woodland in the Mediterranean area. In autumn 2012, a survey was conducted to determine the presence of Phytophthora ramorum on Viburnum in commercial nurseries in the Latium region where wilting, dieback, and death of twigs were observed on 30% of the Laurustinus plants. A Phytophthora species was consistently recovered from soil rich in feeder roots from potted Laurustinus plants showing symptoms. Soil samples were baited with rhododendron leaves. Small pieces of leaf tissue cut from the margin of lesions were plated on P5ARPH selective medium (4). Pure cultures, obtained by single-hypha transfers on potato dextrose agar (PDA), were petaloid. Sporangia formation was induced on pepper seeds (3). Sporangia were almost spherical, ovoid or obpyriform, non-papillate and non-caducous, measuring 36.6 to 71.4 × 33.4 to 48.3 μm (average 53.3 × 37.4 μm) with a length/width ratio of 1.4. Chlamydospores were terminal and 25.2 to 37.9 μm in diameter. Isolates were considered heterothallic because they did not produce gametangia in culture or on the host. All isolates examined had 30 to 35°C as optimum temperatures. Based on these morphological characteristics, the isolates were identified as Phytophthora hydropathica (2). Morphological identification was confirmed by internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and mitochondrial partial cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 (CoxII) with BLAST analysis in the NCBI database revealing 99% identity with ITS and 100% identity with CoxII. The sequences of the three isolates AB234, AB235, and AB236 were deposited in European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) with the accession nos. HG934148, HG934149, and HG934150 for ITS and HG934151, HG934152, and HG934153 for CoxII, respectively. Pathogenicity tests were conducted in the greenhouse on a total of six 1-year-old shoots cut from V. tinus plants with two inoculation points each. Mycelial plugs cut from the margins of actively growing 8-day-old cultures on PDA were inserted through the epidermis into the phloem. Controls were treated as described above except that sterile PDA plugs replaced the inoculum. Shoots were incubated in test tubes with sterile water in the dark at 24 ± 2°C. After 2 weeks, lesions were evident at the inoculation points and symptoms were similar to those caused by natural infection. P. hydropathica was consistently re-isolated from the margin of lesions, while controls remained symptomless. In the United States in 2008, P. hydropathica was described as spreading from irrigation water to Rhododendron catawbiense and Kalmia latifolia (2). This pathogen can also attack several other horticultural crops (1), but to our knowledge, this is the first report of P. hydropathica causing wilting and shoot dieback on V. tinus. References: (1) C. X. Hong et al. Plant Dis. 92:1201, 2008. (2) C. X. Hong et al. Plant Pathol. 59:913, 2010. (3) E. Ilieva et al. Eur. J. Plant Path. 101:623, 1995. (4) S. N. Jeffers and S. B. Martin. Plant Dis. 70:1038, 1986.

The genus Cystoseira s.l. (Ochrophyta, Fucales, Sargassaceae) in the Black Sea: morphological variability and molecular taxonomy of Gongolaria barbata and endemic Ericaria crinita f. bosphorica comb. nov.

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 480 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
SOFIA S. SADOGURSKA ◽  
JOÃO NEIVA ◽  
ANNALISA FALACE ◽  
ESTER A. SERRÃO ◽  
ÁLVARO ISRAEL
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Molecular Taxonomy ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Additional Tool

Brown algae of the genus Cystoseira sensu lato form the most diverse and productive marine ecosystems throughout the Mediterranean Sea and have equal roles also in the Black Sea where they have been decreasing in the recent years. The taxonomy of Cystoseira s.l. taxa from the Black Sea is still not well understood, and questions arise when related taxa have to be delimited. In addition to morphological descriptions, this study provides for the first time molecular data of the Black Sea Cystoseira s.l. distinct morphologies as an additional tool to clarify their identities and phylogenetic affinities. The analysis of two mitochondrial markers (cytochrome oxidase subunit 1—COI, and 23S-tRNAVal intergenic spacer—mt-spacer) showed that Cystoseira s.l. specimens from the Black Sea belong to two recently resurrected genera, namely Gongolaria and Ericaria. Molecular data confirm the morphological identification of G. barbata, which is characterized by high morphological plasticity in the Black Sea. The morphological data presented in this study support the transition of G. barbata to the genus Gongolaria, which was previously proposed based solely on genetic data. For the Black Sea endemic taxon C. bosphorica, sequence divergence suggests conspecificity with Mediterranean Sea species E. crinita and E. barbatula. However, considering original morphological characteristics of the taxon, its geographical isolation, and endemism, the new combination Ericaria crinita f. bosphorica comb. nov. is proposed.

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