scholarly journals Feasibility Study on Biomonitoring of Microplastics in Fish Gastrointestinal Tracts

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bavo De Witte ◽  
Ana I. Catarino ◽  
Loes Vandecasteele ◽  
Michael Dekimpe ◽  
Nelle Meyers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Polymer Composition ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Nile Red Staining ◽  
Selection Of

Monitoring the occurrence and trends of microplastic contamination in the marine environment is key to establish microplastic (MP) data baselines, to work out policy mitigation measures, and to assess the effectiveness of waste regulations. To establish MP contamination baselines in the marine environment, marine biota species can be selected as monitoring matrices to track plastic pollution in the environment. The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of biomonitoring MPs in fish gastrointestinal tract (GIT). A selection of suitable fish species was performed, based on species distribution, sampling effort, commercial value of species, sustainable development of fish populations, migration behaviour, and scientific evidence for occurrence of MPs in the fish GIT. Sampling and MP extraction protocols were developed and validated on fish GIT samples acquired in the Southern North Sea. The fish species selection protocol enabled the selection of ubiquitous distributed and non-endangered fish species relevant for MP monitoring in the North Sea. The fish GIT sampling protocol considered background contamination measures and sampling fillet as procedural blanks. Advantages and disadvantages of onboard dissection were discussed. The MPs extraction protocol was based on matrix digestion, density separation, and Nile red staining of particles followed by fluorescent microscopy observation. The confirmation of MPs identification and the analysis of the polymer composition was done using micro-Fourier transform infrared (μFTIR) spectroscopy. The MP analysis indicated a low number of MPs in the fish GIT. The mean number of particles per single fish GIT was 0.48 ± 0.81 (Nile red staining observations) to 0.26 ± 0.64 (corrected for background contamination). A power analysis (sampling effort) indicated that to detect significant differences, in a balanced-ANOVA type of analysis, between species and/or sampling areas, the sample size would require a minimum of 109 up to 370 individual fish. The feasibility of MP biomonitoring in fish GIT was assessed by a SWOT-analysis, which indicated that fish GIT is a suitable matrix for biomonitoring of MPs, but that the large number of samples needed to identify significant differences can be a major drawback. A potential implementation strategy for MP biomonitoring within Europe was suggested.

Selection of microplastics by Nile Red staining increases environmental sample throughput by micro-Raman spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
pp. 146979
Author(s):  
Joana C. Prata ◽  
João P. da Costa ◽  
António José Silva Fernandes ◽  
Florinda Mendes da Costa ◽  
Armando C. Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Environmental Sample ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Sample Throughput ◽  
Nile Red Staining ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals A Systematic Literature Review of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods for Sustainable Selection of Insulation Materials in Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 737
Author(s):  
Indre Siksnelyte-Butkiene ◽  
Dalia Streimikiene ◽  
Tomas Balezentis ◽  
Virgilijus Skulskis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Selection Of

The European Commission has recently adopted the Renovation Wave Strategy, aiming at the improvement of the energy performance of buildings. The strategy aims to at least double renovation rates in the next ten years and make sure that renovations lead to higher energy and resource efficiency. The choice of appropriate thermal insulation materials is one of the simplest and, at the same time, the most popular strategies that effectively reduce the energy demand of buildings. Today, the spectrum of insulation materials is quite wide, and each material has its own specific characteristics. It is recognized that the selection of materials is one of the most challenging and difficult steps of a building project. This paper aims to give an in-depth view of existing multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) applications for the selection of insulation materials and to provide major insights in order to simplify the process of methods and criteria selection for future research. A systematic literature review is performed based on the Search, Appraisal, Synthesis and Analysis (SALSA) framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. In order to determine which MCDM method is the most appropriate for different questions, the main advantages and disadvantages of different methods are provided.

The Thirty-Ninth Thomas Lowe Gray Lecture: Offshore Drilling, with Particular Reference to the North Sea and the ‘Sea Quest’

1966 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 848-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. S. Avery
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Safety Equipment ◽  
Offshore Drilling ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The North ◽  
Drilling Equipment ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
Weight Problems ◽  
The North Sea

The origins of offshore drilling work and the development of structures used at sea are traced. Comparison of the various types illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of each. Tables show the numbers in operation, being built, and the apparent liability of each type to damage. Typical bore-hole structures are illustrated, the need for undersea well-heads explained and their development into a sea-bed completion is discussed. Much more research is necessary before this can be considered a practical proposition. The design of drilling barge equipment is compared with typical land rigs and the development of drilling equipment, including the sophisticated electric drive and turbo-drill, discussed. Rigs in various types of barge are compared. Fire precautions and other safety equipment are described. The problems associated with control by the driller lead to complications of motive power layout. The lecture describes in some detail the design of the semi-submersible drilling barge Sea Quest, illustrates the weight problems and their effect on floating stability and indicates the need for management decisions on the degree of resistance to damage. This is measured by the variable deck load of drilling equipment that can be held on board and the degree of weather deterioration that can be tolerated before disengaging the drill from the hole. The need for, and extent of, diving is discussed, with some comparison between diving vehicles. Weather too is an essential factor of work in the North Sea and both pre-surveys and day-to-day reporting are described.

scholarly journals Predictive framework for codend size selection of brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) in the North Sea beam-trawl fishery

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. e0200464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Santos ◽  
Bent Herrmann ◽  
Daniel Stepputtis ◽  
Claudia Günther ◽  
Bente Limmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Brown Shrimp ◽  
Beam Trawl ◽  
Crangon Crangon ◽  
Size Selection ◽  
Trawl Fishery ◽  
The North ◽  
Sea Beam ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of the main axis and the forming plane in automatic profiling and stamping lines

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
O.M. Koryagina
Keyword(s):  
Main Axis ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Simple Shape ◽  
Small Thickness ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Large Length ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
Light Profiles ◽  
Selection Of

The article defines the main axis and the profiling plane in automatic profiling and stamping lines. Specific recommendations are given for choosing the position of the main axis and the profiling plane, depending on the configuration of the manufactured parts of the roll-formed section. Under the general name of profiling in the practice of stamping works, it is meant to obtain rigid and light profiles of large length and various configurations from sheet blanks. Profiling is carried out in four ways: in dies on crank presses, in dies on special bending presses, on universal bending machines (edging machines), on profiling roller machines. The first method, profiling on crank presses, is used for complex semi-closed and open profiles of relatively small length, if there are no special bending presses or profiling machines. The second method, profiling on special bending presses, is used for open and semiclosed profiles up to 5 mm long. The advantage of such presses is the possibility of using simple, and therefore cheap, tools in the manufacture. The third method, profiling on universal bending machines (edging machines), is used for bending parts (profiles of a simple shape in straight lines with different coupling radii determined by the radius of the machine ruler, for which the latter has a set of rulers). Bending machines allow bending materials of small thickness. Low productivity and the need for physical labor costs limit the use of these machines. The fourth method, profiling on roller machines, is used for open, semi-closed and closed profiles. The essence of the profiling process is to gradually change the profile drawing of a flat belt to a given profile when it is moved sequentially through several pairs of shaped rollers arranged sequentially one after the other in the same plane and rotating at the same speed. The article describes in detail the fourth method; the advantages and disadvantages are noted.

Approaches to the Organization of International Accounting in Russian Enterprises

TEM Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Surkova ◽  
Galina A. Skachko ◽  
Larisa K. Nikandrova ◽  
Maria M. Starkova ◽  
Nina F. Sakharova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of

The article discusses current issues of transformation of accounting information in accordance with international financial reporting standards (IFRS). This study is primarily aimed at developing approaches that determine the need for Russian enterprises to provide accounting information comparable at the international level. The authors analyze methods of transferring data from the Russian Accounting Standard (RAS) to IFRS. The methods used to form financial statements in accordance with IFRS are discussed. The issues of the application of these methods, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, are discussed. The author's approach to the selection of the optimal method of transformation is proposed taking into account the individual needs of organizations.

How benthic habitats and bottom trawling affect trait composition in the diet of seven demersal and benthivorous fish species in the North Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 132-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline D. Eggleton ◽  
Jochen Depestele ◽  
Andrew J. Kenny ◽  
Stefan G. Bolam ◽  
Clement Garcia
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Benthic Habitats ◽  
Benthivorous Fish ◽  
Bottom Trawling ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

scholarly journals Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Review of Imaging, Patient Selection, and Management in the Endovascular Era. Part II: Patient Selection, Endovascular Thrombectomy, and Postprocedure Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 169-183
Author(s):  
Sharath Kumar G G ◽  
Chinmay Nagesh
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Patient Selection ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Endovascular Thrombectomy ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Imaging Patient ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractAppropriate patient selection and expedient recanalization are the mainstay of modern management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Only a minority of patients (7–15%) of patients are eligible for endovascular therapy. Patient selection may be time based or perfusion based. Central to both paradigms is the selection of a patient with a small core, a significant penumbra that can be differentiated from areas of oligemia. A brief review of patient selection methods is presented. Endovascular thrombectomy techniques using stentrievers or aspiration catheters have now become the treatment of choice for AIS with large vessel occlusion. A range of devices, each with its own advantages and disadvantages, are available in the market for the neurointerventionist to choose. Techniques vary between devices and between operators, but standardization and protocolization are important within each center. Complications must be anticipated to be avoided. Once reperfusion is achieved, outcomes must be safeguarded with competent postprocedure management to prevent secondary brain injury. These aspects are reviewed in this article.

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